Increasing the RES Penetration by Energy Storage in Croatian Islands?

Transcription

1 2 nd STORIES workshop 3 rd December 28 Gran Canaria Increasing the RES Penetration by Energy Storage in Croatian Islands? Goran Krajačić prof.dr.sc. Neven Duić

2 Content Islands RenewIslands/ADEG methodology and H 2 RES program Implementation of the methodology RES and Hybrid systems in Croatian islands Conclusion

3 EUROPEAN UNION more than 5 populated islands 6% EU territory 14 million inhabitants CROATIAN ISLANDS islands (718 islands, 389 sounds and 78 reefs) 66 inhabited, 5 over the whole year (~11 inhabitants) 5.8% of Croatian land surface, 33 km 2

4 RESOURCES TECHNOLOGIES Solar panels COMMODITIES Heat Sustainable Community Hydrogen Solar Cold Hydrogen Storage Electrolysis Fuel cell Trigeneration Electricity Biofuels Biogas Water PV panels Wind Wind turbines Reversible hydro p.p. Reforming Esterification Fermentation Gasification Wave & tidal Desalination Sea Hydro Fresh water Geothermal p.p. Biomass p.p. Geothermal Biomass Wastewater treatment Waste Wastewater

5 Samsoe; 1% primarily from Wind power, 75% of heating supply is covered by renewable energy Source: Renewable Energy Potential of Small Island States Global Energy Network Institute (GENI), 28, Lolland-Falster: 1% primarily from Wind power produced onshore as well as offshore. 75% of energy used for heating is also from a renewable source

6 Croatian Utility Company News magazine

7 RESOURCES TECHNOLOGIES Solar panels COMMODITIES Heat Sustainable Community Hydrogen Solar Cold Hydrogen Storage Electrolysis Fuel cell Trigeneration Electricity Biofuels Biogas Water PV panels Wind Wind turbines Reversible hydro p.p. Reforming Esterification Fermentation Gasification Wave & tidal Desalination Sea Hydro Fresh water Geothermal p.p. Biomass p.p. Geothermal Biomass Wastewater treatment Waste Wastewater

8 Ston Relative loadingof the lines and direction of active power flow on 11 kv level Relative loadingof the linesand directionof activepowerflow on 1 kv level V max = V min = Hours grid 25 % bioma ss 75 % solar stored wind stor ed intermittent rejected solar taken wind taken 8,97 74,8 96, 436,75 267,9 128,64 625, ,4 13,8 342,4 grid 35% fuel ce l 24% biom ass 41 % 1. MAPPING THE NEEDS 2. MAPPING THE RESOURCES [M W th ] Load [kw] Hours [kwh/m 2 ] 1,1 1,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2, Hours RenewIslands/ADEG METHODOLOGY 1. Mapping the needs 2. Mapping the resources 3. Devising scenarios with technologies that can use available resources to cover needs 4. Modelling the scenarios and their evaluation GRID SYSTEM ANALYSIS voltage i n [p.u.] on 1 kv level 3. DEVISING SCENARIOS with technologies that can use available resources to cover needs Technical evaluation Evaluation of Security of supply 3.1 Feasibility of technologies 3.2 Feasibility of storage 3.3 Integration of flows 3.4 Devising the scenarios 4. MODELLING Intermittent potential [MWh] Environmental evaluation Economic evaluation Social evaluation Optimization Constraints

9 1. Mapping the needs Needs Level Geographic distribution Code Level Distribution Electricity Heat Cold Transport fuel Water Waste treatment Wastewater treatment Low, Medium or High Dispersed, Concentrated Short, long distance Dispersed, Concentrated Elect Heat Cold Tran Water Waste WWT +D/C/- +D/C/- +D/C/- +S/L/- +D/C/- +D/C/- +D/C/- +L/M/H/- +L/M/H/- +L/M/H/- +L/M/H/- +L/M/H/- +L/M/H/- +L/M/H/-

10 H 2 RES MODEL v2.8 Developed by: 35 brzinavjetra [m/s] kwh/m sati 1,2 1,,8,6,4,2, sati output, part of nominal power 12% 1% 8% 6% WIND 4% 2% SOLAR Vestas 225 Vestas 66 Enercon 3 Fuhrlander FL3 % wind velocity, m/s GRID opterećenje [kw] Power period (T pow, s) WAVE HYDRO LOAD Power Hydrogen Water Heat sati kw t GEO- THERMAL DESALINATION vodikovo opterećenje za transport, kw BIOMASS FOSSIL FUELS STORAGE Hydrogen Reversible hydro Batteries Heat sati

11 6 5 kw load Wind output Solar output Renewable limit Renewable output Renewable taken Renewable excess Hours

12 Island of Mljet Scenarios with 3% limit on hourly penetration Supplying Demand 1% 95% 25% 2% 15% 1% grid fuel cell solar wind 21 Scenario Scenario Wind [kw] PV [kw] Electrol yser [kw] Fuel cell [kw] H 2 storag. [kwh] Grid [kw] , , , % % Scenario 5 Scenario 11 Scenario 17

13 1% RES penetration Installed power [MW] Wind turbines PV panels Electrolyser Fuel cell Grid Hydrogen storage Scenario 6 Scenario 12 Scenario 14 Scenario 16 Scenario Storage Capacity [MWh]

14 Supplaying demand [GWh] ,53 hydro fuel cell solar wind Diesel grid 1,69 2,12,83 2,36 2,96 1,

15 Scenario 12 in 215

16 4-megawatt project near Leipzig

17 Reduction in emissions (tons/year) CO 2 SO 2 NO x S S S S S S S S S

18 c / kwh Feed-In Solar ( only 1 MW) Feed-In Wind > 1 MW Feed-In Wind < 1 MW 128,9 129,6 12,1 14,8 6, 58,2 59,5 31,7 8,2 S2 S4 S6 S8 S1 S12 S14 S16 S18

19 Island of Losinj it is necessary to install 1752 kw t or 219 m 2 in kw t or 74 m 2 in 225 Potrošnja [GWh] Load Electricity consumption without solar thermal Load - EL. EN. za PTV Electricity consumption with solar thermal Supplying demand [GWh] Conventional resources Solar to Heat Drvo 6% LPG 6% EL. EN. 59% EL LU 29%

20 WindSolar 1%+PTV Around 6% of demand is covered from RES, 53% in 21 do 58% in 225 Installed power [MW] Electrolyser Fuel cell PV panels Wind turbines Grid 31, , Installed power [MW] Electrolyser Fuel cell PV panels Wind turbines Grid

21 Island of Pag, the first Croatian wind power plant 5.95 MW VE Ravna 1 consists of 7 Vestas wind turbines, 85 kw each, built and operated by Croatian company "Adria Wind Power" supported by mix of German and Croatian capital. The preparation phase, including location permit, measurements, connection contract, building permit, power purchase agreement (PPA), energy consent and network use contract took nearly 7 years, while construction took only 4 months.

22 Hybrid systems A hybrid stand alone system at the Peninsula Prevlaka 1.96 kw of solar PV 1.5 kw wind turbine 15 kw of reciprocating LPG/gasoline engine batteries and LPG storage supplying power to nearby tourist object Island of CRES 1.53 kw solar PV; 1 kw wind turbine + batteries Island of Dugi Otok 11 kw solar PV + batteries

23 Barriers to RES and storage systems on the Croatian islands to sell RES electricity according feed in tariffs, for PV system on your rooftop you need 66 licences, approvals, decisions from several government institutions there are no off grid applications or storage systems in the current energy legislation Law on construction forbids construction of buildings on the islands that use wind energy for electricity local governments are supportive towards RES but do not have knowledge and financial capabilities

24 Conclusions 1 hydrogen energy storage for 1% renewable solutions + it could be easily integrated with transport needs? by using of own resources (wind, solar) we are increasing security of energy supply (also cutting the cost for new undersea cables) contribution to reducing of the emissions of the greenhouse gases we could transform islands from energy importers energy exporters

25 Conclusions 2 we can significantly increase energy efficiency by using solar thermal collectors (the most of the hotels are burning oil for heating the water) in Croatia, we have companies producing PV panels, solar thermal; currently wind turbines and hydrogen are in development phase RES can create new working places for the high skilled workers (depopulation, young people are leaving)

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27 3rd STORIES workshop May or June 29, Croatia

28 5th Dubrovnik SDEWES conference Dubrovnik Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems 22, 23, 25, 27,

29 Thank You for your Attention!!!