Chapman Ross ATV Vintermøde - Vingsted 6 March engineers scientists innovators

Transcription

1 DPT Jet Injection of Microscale ZVI for Remediation of Chlorinated Solvents in Clay Till: Results and CSIA after 4 Years of Treatment at Møllevej 9 in Nivå Chapman Ross cross@geosyntec.com ATV Vintermøde - Vingsted 6 March 2019

2 Partners in Developing DPT Jet Injection FRx

3 Two Key Take Home Points Jet Injection Provides: 1) Control delivery of remediation amendments in tough geologic settings: Clay, till, saprolite, weathered bedrock 2) Competitive costs for treatment: $80-200/m 3 for ZVI treatment

4 Problem Statement: Treat Contaminants in Low Permeability Formations Low permeability formations <or> bedrock + solvents = long-term source zones

5 Problem Statement: Develop Better Injection Technology to Treat Contaminants in Clay Till Method development partially funded by Danish government. Why? 40% Denmark covered in clay till. Source: Karin Margarita Frei (2012) Exploring the potential of the strontium isotope tracing system in Denmark, Danish Journal of Archaeology, 1:2, , DOI: /

6 Initial Development Spanned Three Pilot Tests #1: Large vertical emplacement surfacing

7 Initial Development Spanned Three Pilot Tests #2: Horizontal emplacement surfacing

8 Initial Development Spanned Three Pilot Tests #3: Large horizontal emplacement no surfacing

9 Applicability in US and Canada: Remediating low-permeability sites is a major challenge for US and Canadian Sites. Extent of Glaciation Piedmont Source: Surficial Geology of North America

10 Jet Injection Compared to Traditional DPT Injections Injecting remediation amendment slurries using traditional direct push methods often results in uncontrolled fracturing of the subsurface. DPT Jet Injection overcomes this limitation.

11 Jet Injection Treatment Concepts

12 Conceptual Model Treatment with DPT Jet Injection

13 Conceptual Model Treatment with DPT Jet Injection

14 Conceptual Model Treatment with DPT Jet Injection

15 Conceptual Model Treatment with DPT Jet Injection

16 Conceptual Model Treatment with DPT Jet Injection

17 Conceptual Model Treatment with DPT Jet Injection

18 Conceptual Model Treatment with DPT Jet Injection

19 Conceptual Model Treatment with DPT Jet Injection

20 Conceptual Model Treatment with DPT Jet Injection

21 Conceptual Model Treatment with DPT Jet Injection

22 Conceptual Model Treatment with DPT Jet Injection

23 Conceptual Model Treatment with DPT Jet Injection

24 Conceptual Model Treatment with DPT Jet Injection

25 Conceptual Model Treatment with DPT Jet Injection

26 Conceptual Model Treatment with DPT Jet Injection

27 Conceptual Model Treatment with DPT Jet Injection

28 Conceptual Model Treatment with DPT Jet Injection

29 Objective

30 DPT Jet Injection How does it work?

31 DPT Jet Injection How Does it Work? Direct push tooling advancement

32 DPT Jet Injection How Does it Work? 0.9 m 10,000 psi water jetting

33 DPT Jet Injection How Does it Work? 10,000 psi water jetting Path of jet cutting across saprolite

34 DPT Jet Injection How Does it Work? 100 to 400+ psi slurry injection

35 DPT Jet Injection How Does it Work? Slurry contains solid proppant which is emplaced to create a reactive and more permeable zone. Conduits Cavity Horizontal Fracture

36 CASE STUDY: Full-scale Source Treatment in Denmark

37 Case Study: Remedial Design 700 sq meter Target Treatment Area (TTA) 4 m design ROI 21 injection locations with 121 individual injections 5-7 discrete injection depths 50 tonnes mzvi (Hepure Ferox Flow) 25 tonnes sand 5 to 80 mg/kg VOCs (mostly TCE)

38 Case Study: Denmark ZVI Distribution

39 Case Study: Surfacing Surfacing limited to 4 known historical borings and 2 other locations during 121 injections. Surfacing during slurry injection can be controlled!

40 Case Study Lateral Fracture Distribution Advanced 80 borings in Target Treatment Area (TTA) Confirmed that we met our 4 m design ROI

41 Depth below ground surface (meters) Injection Tooling Case Study: Tracing Single Fractures North Ground Surface Injection Location I-10 South 1 Injection Characterization Soil Borings Injection Characterization Soil Borings 2 3 Distance 3 m Distance 2.5 m Distance 1.25 m Distance 0.25 m Distance 2 m Distance 4.7 m Thickness 3 mm Thickness 5 mm Thickness 11 mm Thickness 8 mm Thickness 6 mm Thickness 1 mm Distance engineers from the injection scientists point innovators (meters)

42 Case Study: Distribution of Fractures 3D Modeling METHODOLOGY 3D modeling (EVS software) was utilized to interpolate magnetic susceptibility (MS) readings. Interpolated MS readings >1x10-3 were generally colocated with visual identification of ZVI-filled fractures.

43 Case Study 3-D Print of Distribution Virtual 3-D Model (EVS) 3-D Printed Model

44 Case Study: Denmark Treatment Results

45 Case Study Performance Monitoring Demonstrated mzvi distribution, but what about VOC treatment? Groundwater sampling two times per year at ~ 13 well clusters (3 wells per cluster) Total VOC mass discharge analysis using transect method Soil sampling annually at ~14 locations Total VOC mass calculations using EVS

46 Depth (m) VOCs in Soil 6, 18, 30, & 42 months Post-Treatment Profiles Depth (m) 4 K69/PSB-08C Total CVOC (mg/kg) K68/PSB-08A Total CVOC (mg/kg) Decreases in VOCs correlated with observed ZVI fracture depths

47 Depth (m bgs ) Depth (m bgs ) TCE in Soil Baseline TCE (mg/kg) 0,001 0,01 0, TCE (mg/kg) PRE mzvi (n = 315) 14 PRE mzvi (n = 315)

48 Depth (m bgs ) Depth (m bgs ) TCE in Soil Baseline vs Year TCE VOC (mg/kg) 0,001 0,01 0, TCE VOC (mg/kg) PRE mzvi (n = 315) POST mzvi Y1 (n = 293) 14 PRE mzvi (n = 315) POST mzvi Y1 (n = 293)

49 Depth (m bgs ) Depth (m bgs ) TCE in Soil Baseline vs. Year TCE VOC (mg/kg) 0,001 0,01 0, TCE VOC (mg/kg) PRE mzvi (n = 315) POST mzvi Y2 (n = 435) 14 PRE mzvi (n = 315) POST mzvi Y2 (n = 435)

50 Depth (m bgs ) Depth (m bgs ) TCE in Soil Baseline vs. Year TCE VOC (mg/kg) 0,001 0,01 0, TCE VOC (mg/kg) PRE mzvi (n = 315) POST mzvi Y3 (n = 390) 14 PRE mzvi (n = 315) POST mzvi Y3 (n = 390)

51 Depth (m bgs ) Depth (m bgs ) TCE in Soil Baseline Year TCE VOC (mg/kg) 0,001 0,01 0, TCE VOC (mg/kg) PRE mzvi (n = 315) POST mzvi (n =414) 14 PRE mzvi (n = 315) POST mzvi (n =414)

52 Depth (m bgs ) Depth (m bgs ) TCE in Soil Comparison All Years TCE VOC (mg/kg) 0,001 0,01 0, TCE VOC (mg/kg) PRE mzvi (n = 315) POST mzvi Y1 (n = 293) POST mzvi Y2 (n = 435) POST mzvi Y3 (n = 390) POST mzvi (n =414) 12 14

53 Distribution of Total VOCs in Soil Baseline to 4 years Post-Treatment Nov 2014 (Baseline) June 2015 June 2016 June 2017 June % Reduction 6 months 58% Reduction in 18 months 78% Reduction in 30 months 85% Reduction in 42 months

54 Distribution of Total VOCs in Soil Baseline to 4 years Post-Treatment Nov 2014 (Baseline) May 2016 June D model shows decrease in magnitude and extent of Total VOCs in soil. 85% total mass decrease. May 2018

55 Distribution of Total VOCs in Soil 4 years Post-Treatment Remaining TVOC mass in soil is generally located in thin discrete layers.

56 Baseline Mass Discharge VOCs in Groundwater from TTA 92% Reduction in Total VOCs over 4 years

57 Baseline kg/yr (as TCE) kg/yr (as TCE) Mass Discharge VOCs in Groundwater from TTA 2,50 4,0 3,5 2,00 3,0 1,50 2,5 2,0 1,00 1,5 1,0 0,50 0,5 0,00 0,0 Downgradient Fenceline (S1/S2) Bioaugmentation with 92% Reduction in KB-1 would have Total VOCs over 4 improved initial results years TCE TCE cis-dce VC VC Ethene Ethane & Ethane + Ethene

58 Compound Specific Isotope Analysis 13 C/ 12 C vs 37 Cl/ 35 Cl duel isotope ratios Observations Dual C-Cl isotope slopes reflect ongoing degradation pathways independent of concentration TCE, cdce, and VC all plot along linear trendlines & suggest distinct degradation pathways (R2 0.83) cdce C-Cl isotope slope for cdce (8.06) falls between two ranges of literature values for anaerobic biodegradation (10.8 to 14.88) and ZVI based abiotic degradation (5.0 and 3.2) of cdce (Abe et al., 2009; Audí-Miró et al., 2013; 2015). Observations: Ongoing mixture of biotic and abiotic processes resulting in simultaneous production and degradation of compounds Limitations Samples represent evolution of impacted groundwater as it travels into, though, and out of a heterogenous source zone and treatment area. Single site-wide sampling event Additional sampling rounds will better elucidate trends 13 C/ 12 C TCE cdce VC y = 1,2022x - 5,4568 R² = 0, ,0-10,0-20,0-30,0-40,0 y = 8,06x - 17,816 R² = 0, ,0 10,0 0,0-30,0-20,0-10,0 0,0 10,0 37 Cl/ 35 Cl y = 2,635x - 17,938 R² = 0,8541

59 Case Study Conclusions DPT Jet Injection in Denmark Distribution of mzvi with DPT Jet Injection demonstrated be extremely effective in highly fractured clay till. Treatment results in soil and groundwater over 4 years show effective treatment in clay till using DPT Jet Injection. Total TCE mass in soil decreased by 94% after 4 years. Total VOC mass in soil decreased by 85% after 4 years. Total VOC mass discharge in groundwater decreased by 92% after 4 years. Increasing ethane/ethene concentrations demonstrate complete degradation (max. ethane conc. in 2018 = ~7 mg/l).

60 Thank you! Chapman Ross Office: Neal Durant, Ph.D. Office: Dylan Eberle, Ph.D. Office: