AVAILABILITY ASSESSMENT OF ANTHROPOGENIC RESOURCES: FROM PROSPECTION TO PRODUCTION

Transcription

1 AVAILABILITY ASSESSMENT OF ANTHROPOGENIC RESOURCES: FROM PROSPECTION TO PRODUCTION Ulrich Kral, Andrea Winterstetter 21/09/2018 1

2 INTRODUCTION Mineral Raw Materials World Production 2016: 17 billion tons 2,3 t/cap Reichl, C., Schatz, M. and Zsak, L. (2018). World Mining Data Vienna. Access influences economic and political rank of nations, competitive positions of industries and living standards Risch, B. W. K. (1978). The raw material supply of the European Community: The importance of secondary raw materials. Resources Policy 4(3): Future production is estimated based on availability assessments. 2/ 14

3 AVAILABILITY ASSESSMENT Investigation Evaluation Classification Characterizes the quantity, quality, location of resources at the source Assesses the recoverability and reusability of resources under specific technical, legal, economic, environmental and social conditions Communicates the availability of resources with standardized terminology 3/ 14

4 A GLOBAL STANDARD United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC) Generic Specifications for all resources Specifications for Anthropogenic Resources _egrc/egrc9_apr2018/ece.energy.ge _e.pdf 4/ 14

5 GOAL Estimating the future material production of a landfill mining project and communicating the results with UNFC. 5/ 14

6 CLASSIFICATION APPROACH CLASSIFICATION From prospection to production Prospection Exploration Development of the recovery project Investigation Resource assessment 1 2 Evaluation 3 6/ 14

7 PROSPECTION Investigation: Map, screen and investigate old landfills in Northern Belgium for contamination risks and resource potential 1 Early stage evaluation: Selecting a landfill for estimating the recovery of materials / land Results: Landfill Bornem (closed in late 1970s) 50,000 m 2, t of MSW 7/ 14

8 EXPLORATION 1. Estimate the landfill s rough resource potential 2. Asses the share of extractable materials & recoverable land & contamination level as a function of different technology alternatives & project set up options 2 8/ 14

9 EVALUATION POTENTIAL PRODUCTION? 3 Costs I Revenues Millionen Discount rate Total discounted cost ( ) % (public) 28 Mio Winterstetter et al Total Net Present Value (NPV) ( ) 17 Mio NPV in /t excavated waste materials 44 9/ 14

10 EVALUATION POTENTIAL PRODUCTION? 3 Winterstetter et al / 14

11 CLASSIFICATION Criteria Level of knowledge / confidence in estimates (G-Axis) Social, environmental, economic viability (E-Axis) Field project status and feasibility (F-Axis) Approach Winterstetter et al / 14

12 CLASSIFICATION Landfill Bormen (present conditions) Landfill Bormen (future conditions) Regained salable land 50,000 m 2 Solid Recovered Fuel 129,200 t Soil / construction material 207,400 t Materials to be re landfilled 34,600 t 12 / 14

13 CONCLUSIONS Estimates on the future resource / land recovery from old landfills Getting reliable results is research intensive, future developments have to be considered Evaluation must be performed on a case by case basis, as a function of various possible project decisions, whilst considering local conditions & systemic context. In Flanders: Land value > material value Communicating the results with UNFC UNFC helps to assess the availability of anthropogenic resources by classifying potential resource recovery projects under technical, socio economic and project planning aspects with different levels of maturity, from prospection to potential production, UNFC informs decisions makers about the status & barriers of recovery projects UNFC allows for systematic, reliable & transparent comparison of different projects (portfolio management) 13 / 14

14 Thank you! Contact: Andrea Winterstetter, Postdoctoral Researcher, Ulrich Kral, Postdoctoral Researcher,

15 LITERATURE BEHETS, T., UMANS, L., WILLE, E., BAL, N. & VANDENBOSSCHE, P. Landfill mining in Flanders: methodology for prioritization. Proceedings XIVth International Waste Management and landfill Symposium, Sardinia, UNECE United Nations Framework Classification for Fossil Energy and Mineral Resources New York, Geneva: United Nations. UNECE Draft Specification for the application of UNFC for Resources to Anthropogenic resources (ECE/ENERGY/GE.3/2018). Geneva. Winterstetter, A., Laner, D., Rechberger, H., Fellner, J., Framework for the evaluation of anthropogenic resources: A landfill mining case study Resource or reserve? Resources, Conservation and Recycling 96, Winterstetter, A Mines of Tomorrow: Evaluating and Classifying Anthropogenic Resources: A new Methodology Doctor of Science in Civil Engineering PhD Thesis Vienna University of Technology. Winterstetter, A., Laner, D., Rechberger, H., Fellner, J., 2016a. Evaluation and classification of different types of anthropogenic resources: The cases of old landfills, obsolete computers and in use wind turbines. Journal of Cleaner Production. Winterstetter, A., Wille, E., Nagels, P., Fellner, J., Decision making guidelines for mining historic landfill sites in Flanders, Journal of Waste Management

16 FROM PROSPECTION TO PRODUCTION N Phase Approach 1 Prospection Map, screen and investigate old landfills for contamination risks and resource potential 2 Exploration Estimate the landfill s rough resource potential 3 Developme UNFC Classification of Asses the share of extractable materials & recoverable a) the quantities under the three land & contamination level as a function of different dimensions technology alternatives and project set up options G Axis: Level of confidence Evaluate the socioeconomic viability of the recovery about the potentially extractable nt of the project share of materials and / or land recovery F Axis: Technical & project project feasibility E Axis: Socioeconomic viability 4 Production Currently justified for production or potential production under future conditions? b) the maturity level of the recovery project 16 Voettekst invulling

17 BORNEM LANDFILL Currently natural area Active landfill: 1947 late 1970s (closed) 390,000 t of mainly municipal solid waste (MSW) Area of 50,000 m 2 No remediation need OVAM, 2015 Metal share very low, not recovered Fine fraction sold as construction material Plastics & wood turned into Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) used in cement kiln (fee) Regained cleaned up land sold as building land & municipality gains land tax

18 UNFC CLASSIFICATION OF THE MATERIAL QUANTITIES UNDER PRESENT AND FUTURE CONDITIONS Legend: E3F3G2: Bornem landfill under present conditions E2F3G2: Bornem landfill under potential future conditions (Winterstetter et al. 2018)

19 WA3 APPROACH: AVAILABILITY ASSESSMENT & PROJECT MATURITY CLASSIFICATION Social, environmental, economic viability Investigation Evaluation Field Project Status Prospection Exploration 1 2 Development of the recovery project 3 19 / 14

20 kann auch from prospection to production stehen bleiben (Vorschlag nächste Folie), aber ich finde nicht, dass Classification in einer der A hsen stehen sollte, da das ja der gesmate Prozess ist...auch die ganze Evaluation passiert noch nicht in der Prospektionsphase, das sind ja erstmal Vorauswahlkriterien, daher hab ich dei grünen Boxen untershciedlich lang gemacht Winterstetter Andrea;