A new map for urban development in Egypt, depending on mega projects of renewable energy

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1 International Conference Sustainable Mega Projects Chance Change Challenge A new map for urban development in Egypt, depending on mega projects of renewable energy Muhammad Salem Faculty of Urban and Regional Planning, Cairo University m.salem@cu.edu.eg Conference from 3rd to 5th of May 2016 at the British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City

2 Question Why should Egypt transform into renewable energy production? OR in other words, What s the importance of renewable energy production for Egypt?

3 Current status Egypt held approximately 31 GW of installed electric capacities Renewable energy Wind

4 Current shortage of energy Oil production and consumption Natural gas production and consumption Egypt depends on fossil fuel resources for energy production, especially oil and natural gas. This has the obvious effect on losing the use of these resources as a source of hard currency. Moreover, most of those resources are subsidized.

5 Current and future challenges Furthermore, Egypt is facing a growing water scarcity, especially in the light of the Renaissance Dam in Ethiopia and the continuous global warming. Thus, Egypt will probably depend on seawater desalination to fill the deficit, which will consume large amounts of energy. Renewable energy could supply the required energy

6 Question Does Egypt have good resources for renewable energy production? Definitely, yes Egypt is considered one of the most attractive countries in the RE sector.

7 Egypt s potentials in Renewable energy Best Zone for Wind Energy Production Best Zone for Solar Energy Production Wind Atlas of Egypt identifies substantial wind resources along the Gulf of Suez, and good resources around Mania

8 Current status of RE projects in Egypt Project * Technology * Status Size MW * Location Kom Ombo PV Main Contract PQ 200 Aswan Gabal El Zeit Wind Main Contract Bid 220 Suez Gulf of Suez Wind Main Contract Bid 250 Suez Gulf of Zayt Wind Execution 120 Red Sea Assiut Barrage & Hydropower Plant Hydro Execution 40 Asuyet Ministry of Electricity / Gabal El Zeit Wind Farm Wind Complete 200 Red Sea Kureimat Hybrid Power Plant: Solar Island Package PV Complete 20 Zafarana Wind Complete 545 Suez Naga Hammadi Barrage Hydro Complete 64 Naga Hammadi * In addition to 13 Gw from Hydro resource Although, Egypt enjoys exceptional conditions for the production of renewable energy, the production of renewable energy still very limited Cairo

9 So we need to establish new mega projects out of the Wadi & Urban development in Egypt The spatial distribution of the population in Egypt is characterized by centralized in the valley and the Delta on an area does not exceed 6% of the area of Egypt. Internal migration in Egypt

10 Promising Zones - NREA selected a few areas for establishing mega projects of RE according to competitive advantages of those areas for example, Zaafrana and west of Mania & Komambo

11 Promising Zones In conclusion we have three promising zones, which can play viable role in urban development in Egypt. Those zones were defined according to a few criteria, most important; Competitive advantages of renewable energy, and validation for UD Gulf of Suez Zone West of Mania Zone Lake Nasser Zone

12 Target of Renewable Energy

13 Results and discussion Leap frog policy is probably the suitable policy for Egypt during short term to achieve the required balance in urban system. Mediterranean Sea The mega projects of renewable energy has the capability of meeting Egypt s demands of energy West of Mania Zone Directing the mega projects toward desert areas shall reduce migration to overpopulated areas. This, in turn, will Western Desert contribute to strike a balance between inhabited and uninhabited areas. In addition to enhancing equity and improve distribution of wealth and opportunities, particularly among northern and southern of Egypt Lake Nasser Zone Gulf of Suez Zone Wind Energy Projects Allocated lands for RE Production Reclamation Lands (project of 1.5 Mill. Fed.) Approved Industrial Areas Allocated lands for Mining activities Red Sea Integrated Mega Projects Solar Energy Projects Touristic Activities New Communities Existing Agriculture Nature reserves

14 Conclusion Egypt is a very rich country by the renewable energy sources, especially wind and solar. The mega projects of renewable energy have plenty of direct and indirect benefits; The most important of direct benefits; tackle the current shortage of energy, creating new job opportunities, and directing investments towards undeveloped areas in desert zones. While, the indirect benefits; achieve the balance in urban system, decrease regional disparities, and support other mega projects. Such mega projects of renewable energy production in promising zones shall contribute in drawing a new urban development map for Egypt.

15 Thank you Muhammad Salem Faculty of Urban and Regional Planning Cairo University, Egypt