BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE SPECIES EUPOECILIA AMBIGUELLA HBN. IN PLANTANTIONS FROM HUSI-VASLUI VINEYARD

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1 Analele Ştiinţifice ale Universităţii Al.I. Cuza Iaşi, s. Biologie animală, Tom LI, 2005 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE SPECIES EUPOECILIA AMBIGUELLA HBN. IN PLANTANTIONS FROM HUSI-VASLUI VINEYARD BY C. FILIPESCU 1, T. GEORGESCU 1, M. TĂLMACIU 1, NELA TĂLMACIU 1, C. ALEXA 1 Key words: Lepidoptera, parasitoids, predators, biological control, chemical treatments The authors have undertaken some experiments of controling the species Eupoecilia ambiguelle Hbn. Using the wasp Trichograma embryophagum Htg. (Hymenoptara- Trichogramatidae), by comparison with the insecticide Decis 2.5 CE-0.04 %. The launching moment of the wasps was established by using the trap with synthetic sexual pheromone strambling with rates of 50,000, 100,000 and 200,000 wasps per hectare. The experiments were carried out in 1996 and 1997 for two sorts: Feteasca alba and Zghihara de Huşi. The best results were obtained in the launching of 100,000 and 200,000 wasps per hectare. As a conclusion one can say that the treatment by launching the wasp Trichogramma embryophagum Htg. may be introduced in schemes of controlling the species Eupoecilia ambiguella Hbn., this diminshing the number of chemical treatments and the pollution of production and environment. Introduction Biological control by using the parasite and predatory insects in the course of time had quite encouraging results also for the species Eupoecilia ambiguella Hbn.(Lepidoptera Cochylidae), a very important pest of the inflorescences and grapes in different developing phases, green,almost ripe and ripe grapes. The research of biological control were accomplished in the years , in two sorts of Vitis vinifera: Feteasca alba and Zghihară de Huşi, are very sensitive to the atack of the species Eupoecilia ambiguella Hbn by using the oophagous wasp Trichograma embryophagum Htg. (Hymenoptera- Trichogrammatidae). Material and researching method The use of the oophagous wasps in the biological control of the pests consists in the mass multiplication of the parasite species and their launching in the viticultural plantations. The launching method consisted of the use of the packets with eggs of Ephestia kuhniella Zell (flour moth), parasited by the wasp Trichograma embryophagum Htg,. These packets were placed at the level of the bunch of grapes, at the second row each, at the sawn vine 6, 12 and 12 respectively depending on the launching norm per hectare. 1 A.M.V. University of Iasi

2 C. Filipescu and all. There were used launching norms of 200,000, 100,000 and 50,000 wasps per hecatare. The launching optimum moment of the wasps was established on the basis of the flying curve of the butterflies of Eupoecilia ambiguella Hbn., shown by the traps with sinthetic pheromones of Atrambig type. For each generation only one lauching was made. Thus, in the year 1996, for the first generation, the launching was effectuated on the 4th of May, and for the second generation on the 15th of June. In the year 1997, for the first generation, the launching was made on the 10th of May, and for the second generation on the 9th of June. The biological control with Trichogramma embryophagum Hbn. was made comparatively with the chemical treatment with the insecticide Decis 2.5 CE 0.04 %. The efficacy of the treatment was calculated with the help of the formula established by Săvescu (1978): E % = (1- a N 1 N 2 ) x 100, in which: a- attack percentage after the application of the treatment; N 1 = 100 ( number of analised organs); N 2 = number of damaged organs. Results obtained In the experiments carried out in the year 1996 on the eggs of the first generation, the first treatment in the Fetească albă sort where a norm of launching of wasps per hectare was used, there was found out that the percentage of atacked grapes was 3.8 % to 2.1 % in the case of the chemical treatment with the product Decis 2.5 CE. There was also found out that at a norm of launching of 100,000 wasps per hectare, the percentage of damaged grapes was 5.1 %, in the case of biological control to 1 % in the case of chemical control. The efficacy of the biological treatment was % to % in the case of chemical control.. At a launching norm of 50,000 wasps per hectare, the percentage of damaged grapes was 4.3 % in the case of biological treatment and 2.2 % in the case of the chemical treatment. The efficacy of the biological control was % in comparison with the chemical treament, when the efficacy was %. In the experiments carried out in the year 1996 on the eggs of Eupoecilia ambiguella Hbn., in the second generation, the percentage of damaged grapes was between 2.3 and 5.1 % in the case of biological control to % in the case of chemical control. The efficacy of the biological control was comprised between % and 96.25%, in comparison with the chemical control, when the efficacy was comprised between % and 97.3 % (Table 1). Similar results were also obtained in the year 1997 (Table 2 ). 42

3 Biological control of the species Eupoecilia ambiguella Hbn. ( ) In the sort of Zghihară de Huşi, in the experiments on the eggs of Eupoecilia ambiguella Hbn, first generation at a time when there was used a launching norm of 200,000 wasps per hectare,the attack percentage was 4.3 % to 2.4 % in the case of treatment with the product Decis 2.5 CE 0.04 %. The efficacy of the biological control was 96.2 % to 96.7 % in the case of chemical treatment. At the same time, at a norm of launching of 100,000 wasps per hectare, the attack percentage was 3.1 % to 2.1 % in the case of chemical treatment. The efficacy in the case of biological method was 96.5 % to 97.6 % chemical method (Table 3) Similar results were also obtained in the year 1997 (Table 4 ). Table 1 The efficacy of control of the species Eupoecilia ambuguella Hbn. using the chemical treatment, product Decis 2.5 CE (0.4%) in the sort Feteasca albă in the Huşi- Vaslui vineyard, 1996 Wasps Control method Efficacy (E %) Generation thousands/ Biological Chemical Untreated Biological Chemical ha % attacked grapes method method 200, G I 100, , , G II 100, , Table 2 The efficacy of control of the species Eupoecilia ambuguella Hbn. using the chemical treatment, product Decis 2.5 CE (0.4%) in the sort Feteasca albă in the Huşi- Vaslui vineyard, 1997 Generation G I G II Wasps Control method Efficacy (E%) thousands/ Biological Chemical Untreated Biological Chemical ha % attacked grapes method method 200, , , , , ,

4 C. Filipescu and all. Table 3 The efficacy of control of the species Eupoecilia ambuguella Hbn. using the chemical treatment, product Decis 2.5 CE (0.4%) in the sort Zghihară de Huşi in the Huşi- Vaslui vineyard, 1996 Wasps/ Control method Efficacy (E % ) Generation thousands Biological Chemical Untreated Biological Chemical /ha % attacked grapes method method 200, G I 100, , , G II 100, , Table 4 The efficacy of control of the species Eupoecilia ambuguella Hbn. using the chemical treatment, product Decis 2.5 CE (0.4%) in the sort Zghihară de Huşi in the Huşi- Vaslui vineyard, 1997 Wasps/ Control method Efficacy (E %) Generation thousands/ Biological Chemical Untreated Biological Chemical ha % attacked grapes method method 200, G I 100, , , G II 100, , Conclusions 1. In the sort Feteasca albă, the efficacy of the biological treatment was comprised between 95.2 and 97.7 %, in comparison with the chemical treatment, in which the efficacy was comprised between 96.7 and 98.4 %. 2. For the sort Zghihară de Huşi, the efficacy of the biological control was comprised between 95.0 and 97.7 %, in comparison with % for the chemical control. 3. The best results were obtained in the case of launching 100,000 wasps/ha, respectively 200,000 wasps/ha, being applied only one treatment for each generation of the species Eupoecilia ambuguella Hbn. 4. To obtain some good results in the biological control of the species Eupoecilia ambiguella is necessary that the launching of the wasps in the vine plantations should be made in three days from the registering of the flying maximum curve of the butterflies. 44

5 Biological control of the species Eupoecilia ambiguella Hbn. ( ) 5. We consider that the biological treatment, using the oophagous wasp Trichograma embryophagum Htg,may be introduced in the control schemes of the species Eupoecilia ambiguella Hbn. and Lobesia botrana Den. et Schiff. In this way, the number of chemical treatments is reduced, avoiding the pollution. Bibliography 1. Alexa, C., Contribuţii la studiul biologiei, ecologiei şi combaterea integrată a moliilor viţei de vie (Eupoecilia ambiguella Hbn., Lobesia botrana Den. et Schiff. şi Spharganothis pilleriana Den.et Schiff.), în plantaţiile de la Huşi Vaslui. Teza de doctorat U.Ş.A.M.V.Iaşi. 2. Ciochia, V., Combaterea biologică a dăunătorilor, veriga esenţială a protecţiei ecosistemelor. Braşov. 3. Filip, I., Alexandri, Al., Analele I.C.P.P. vol. XIII, Bucureşti. 4. Isac, Gr., Filip, I., Analele I.C.P.P. vol. XIII, Bucureşti. 5. Marinescu, Paraschieva, Haritimia, Contributii la optimizarea speciilor de Trichogramma (Hymenoptera Trichogrammatidae) la combaterea unor lepidoptere. Teza de doctorat. Univ. Al.I. Cuza, Iaşi. 6. Peiu, M., Luca, N., Lucrări ştiinţifice. Agricultura Horticultura, I.A. Iaşi. 7. Perju, T. şi colaboratorii, Entomofagii şi utilizarea lor în protecţia integrată a ecosistemelor horticole. Editura Ceres, Bucureşti. 8. Tălmaciu, M., Georgescu, T., Filipescu, C., Lucrări ştiinţifice vol. 36, seria Horticultură. U.S.A.M.V. Iaşi. 45