SESSION 10. Operational Savings through Online THM Monitoring

Transcription

1 SESSION 10 Operational Savings through Online THM Monitoring Rudy Mui Aqua Metrology Systems Prior to AMS, Mr. Mui was the COO and EVP, RAE Systems, a leading global supplier of chemical and radiation detection equipment. Mr. Mui was instrumental in growing RAE Systems from $30M to nearly $100M during his tenure. Previous employers include Metara Inc, Crossbow Technology, Lam Research, Photon Dynamics, and Watkins-Johnson Company where he held executive and senior management positions. Mr. Mui received his B.S. in Computer Engineering and B.A. in Economics from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. Mr. Mui also received an M.B.A. and M.S. in Electrical Engineering from Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California. Contact Information: rudy@aquametrologysystems.com

2 Operational Savings Through On-Line THM Monitoring Real Life Examples Rudy Mui (408) Systems that Enable the Optimization of THM Control

3 Disinfection By-Product Formation DBPs Naturally-Occurring Organic Matter (NOM) e.g. - Humic Acids - Fulvic Acids Chlorine Based Compounds for Microbiological Disinfection e.g. - Chlorine - Hypochlorite - Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection By-Products* e.g. - Trihalomethanes - Haloacetic Acids - Bromate - Chlorite Disinfection By-Products* - Several thousand are known - More than 500 have been toxicologically reviewed - Several classes and compounds are regulated in drinking water: Trihalomethanes Haloacetic Acids 2

4 Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water chloroform bromodichloromethane dibromochloromethane bromoform 3

5 DBP Contamination: A Global Issue Country THM MCL (ppb or µg/l) HAA5 MCL (ppb or µg / L) Switzerland 25 Austria, Belgium, Italy, Ecuador 30 Germany, Luxembourg, Sweden 50 United States UK, France, Ireland, Israel, Norway, Spain, Canada 100 Columbia, Brazil, Argentina, Japan 100 South Korea 100 design, operate United and Kingdom maintain the disinfection process 100 so as to keep disinfection by-products as low as possible without compromising the effectiveness of Australia the disinfection 250 4

6 Stage 1 Disinfection By Product Rule Source: EPA, 40 CFR Parts 9, 141, and 142 National Primary Drinking Water Regulations Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule; Final Rule, p 411 5

7 Stage 2 Disinfection By Product Rule Source: EPA, 40 CFR Parts 9, 141, and 142 National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule; Final Rule, p 411 6

8 Stage 2 DBPR Implications for THM Control 7

9 DBPs Mitigation Technologies DBP Mitigation Technologies Enhance Coagulation Filtration MIEX, GAC, Nano filtration Disinfectants Chloramines, Chlorine Dioxide, UV, and Ozone Storage Aeration, Tank mixing 8

10 US Cost of Compliance DBP Rule EPA (in 1992 $M) Inflation Adjusted (in 2011 $M) Stage I $1,064 $1,716 Stage II (Large Systems only) $1,820 $2,935 Stage II (All Systems) $2,631 $4,242 Source: Table 1, Congressional Budget Office Study, The Safe Drinking Water Act: A Case Study Of an Unfunded Federal Mandate, September 1995 There are approximately 73,500 water treatment plants in the United States. The EPA estimates that over 48,000 water utilities are affected by disinfection by product changes, meaning an average investment of over $85k per plant. 9

11 Capital Costs for a Typical Utility Source: Technologies and Costs Document for the Final Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and Final Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule, EPA, Dec

12 Annual Operating Costs for a Typical Utility Source: Technologies and Costs Document for the Final Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and Final Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule, EPA, Dec

13 Standard Method for DBP Analysis Operator collects a water sample Physically delivers it to the lab A skilled technician prepares the sample The sample is analyzed on an expensive piece of lab equipment (GC-MS) Results are reported to the water treatment plant in 3-10 days Operator makes an educated adjustment to the treatment process Water utility puts the report in a binder 12

14 Operating a Plant Without a Monitor Is Like Driving a Car Without a Speedometer Enabling the Optimization of THM Control 13

15 AMS THM-100 Another Option First commercial in-line instrument for TTHM and CHCl 3 monitoring Installed at multiple water utilities with excellent correlation to lab results Unattended 24/7 lab quality results in 1 hour Results can immediately be used to modify the process (in μg/l) range for TTHM and Chloroform 2 (W) x1.3 (D) x 5 (H) 100 lbs 14

16 Data Reliability: Labs vs. Online (Spiked Samples) 5 US-EPA Accredited Labs & 3 THM-100 Monitors Sample Water Spiked at TTHM 79.5 ug/l (60% CHCl 3 ) Lab 1 Lab 2 Lab 3 Lab 4 Lab 5 THM THM THM % Error CHBr % Error CHBr % Error CHCl % Error CHCl3 15

17 Benefits of an Online THM Monitor Control of THM Remediation Operating Costs Mitigation chemicals (e.g. coagulants, alternative disinfectants) GAC, filters and membranes Source Water blending Sludge removal Energy (e.g. RO, EDR, Aeration) Enables avoidance of unnecessary capital expenditure Averts regulatory breaches Reduces manual sampling costs Provides Peace of Mind 16

18 Loch Bradan Water Treatment Works - Scotland Loch Bradan Reservoir 32 MGD 60 miles to Glasgow High organics High Mn 17

19 Data Reliability: Grab-Samples vs. Online (WTW & SR) TTHM (ug/l) WTW : THM-100 WTW : Grab-Sample THM Zone Storage Reservoir 1 Storage Reservoir 2 Storage Reservoir Apr 1-May 15-May 29-May 12-Jun 26-Jun 18

20 R. E. Badger Water Filtration Plant So CA Rancho Santa Fe 40 MGD Challenging local sources Blending with imported water Enabling the Optimization of THM Control 19

21 THM Mitigation by Source Water Blending TTHM (ug/l) Local water TOC ~10-13 ppm; Imported water TOC ~2-3 ppm Imported water available once daily Increasing local water from 30% to 50% saves US > $1.0 M annually Aug 11-Aug 18-Aug 20

22 Castelldefels Water Storage Spain B A A B Near Barcelona 330k gals/tank A - aerated B - control Enabling the Optimization of THM Control 21

23 THM Mitigation by Aeration, RO, & Monitoring Reservoir filling between midnight and 6am (lower energy costs) Aeration reduces TTHM by ~30% daily Aeration changes THM speciation Extent of aeration and RO reduced on Sept 14 th 45 TTHM % Bromoform TTHM (ug/l) Reduction in Extent of THM Mitigation % Bromoform Sep 9-Sep 10-Sep 11-Sep 12-Sep 13-Sep 14-Sep 15-Sep 16-Sep 17-Sep 18-Sep 19-Sep 20-Sep 22

24 City of Phoenix South Mountain Reservoir Enabling the Optimization of THM Control 23

25 Optimizing Energy Use for THM Remediation System installed May 2012 Location is the last point in the network where remediation can occur TTHM levels too close to MCL without remediation ug/l daily swing aeration, pumping, temperature, demand 8 15-HP aerators which can only be turned on or off 8 15-HP aerators, using 784MWH/year ug/l % TTHM TTHM %CHCl /2/12 9/4/12 9/6/12 9/8/12 9/10/12 9/12/12 9/14/12 9/16/12 9/18/12 9/20/12 Enabling the Optimization of THM Control 24

26 City of Benicia Water Treatment No. CA 12 MGD Seasonally variant local sources Blending and enhanced coagulation Enabling the Optimization of THM Control 25

27 THM Levels Skyrocket After Recent Rain TTHM ug/l TTHM % CHCl % Chloroform 0 9/18 9/28 10/8 10/18 10/28 11/7 11/17 11/27 12/7 0 Rain 5 of the past 7 days, roughly 20% of the year s total Enabling the Optimization of THM Control 26

28 Stockton East Water District Central CA 45 MGD Retail / Wholesale production Seasonally variant local sources Agricultural runoff Chlorine gas Enabling the Optimization of THM Control 27

29 THM Levels Skyrocket After Recent Rain TTHM ug/l TTHM Conc Chloroform % 11/17 11/22 11/27 12/2 12/ % Chloroform Rain 5 of the past 7 days, roughly 20% of the year s total Enabling the Optimization of THM Control 28

30 System Features, Functions, Benefits Enables Real-Time Monitoring of THMs in Drinking Water System Features: Lab Quality THM Results: one hour, 24x7 User Programmable: sampling frequency and alarm thresh holds Self Calibrating: onboard THM standards USB: data retrieval and system upgrades 4-20 ma: telemetric SCADA notifications System Functions: Inline and Real-time, Automated and Unattended System Benefits: Operational Benefits: Reduced operating costs with process optimization of THM remediation Regulatory Benefits: Enables Compliance Management Archival to Proactive Minimizes Public Health Hazards from exposure to contaminants Minimizes Potential Regulatory Breaches, and Fines based on Violations 29

31 Process Control Minimizes Compliance Cost 30

32 Questions Rudy Mui Aqua Metrology Systems Limited (408) Enabling the Optimization of THM Control 31

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