M E K O N G D E LTA C L I M AT E C H A N G E F O R U M N o v e m b e r

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1 74. AVERAGE ANNUAL RUNOFF AT REFERENCE STATIONS Reference Station Catchment Area (km2) Annual Runoff (billion m3/yr) China at Jinghong 74. Chiang Sean (Golden Triangle) 189, Luang Prabang 268, Nong Khai 32, Nakhon Phanom 373, Mukdahan 391, Pakse 545, Sea Run through: 6 countries Length: 4, km Catchments area: 795, km2 Country Areas Flow 1 km 2 % of Basin % of Basin China Myanmar Cambodia Lao ThaiLand VietNam

2 FLOOD UPSTREAM DEVELOPMENT EROSION & SEDIMENTATION FIRE FOREST Floods have both positive and negative impacts WATER QUALITY & QUANTITY The strategy for flood management and mitigation is Adapt living with flood Populated areas, infrastructures, CONFLICT IN WATER USE MANAGEMENT OF ACID SULPHAT & SALT SOILS DEFORESTATION OF MANGROVE FOREST SALINITY INTRUSION & SLR CROP DIVERTIFICATION roads: full flood protection Deeply flooded area: August flood protection Shallow flooded area: year-round flood protection (O Mon-Xa No) Develop Water Control Projects: Gò Công, Bến Tre, Nam Măng Thít, QL-PH, TGLX v.v with 21,7 % area of Mekong Delta was freshened. Select suitable cropping calendar to avoid salt water period Sea dike system to protect salinity intrusion and avoid lost fresh water to the sea. 2

3 VARIATION OF WATER LEVEL AT VŨNG TÀU STATION TEMPERATURE RISE SEA LEVEL RISE VARIATION OF WATER LEVEL AT ĐẠI NGÃI STATION Impact of climate change GLOBAL CHANGE VARIATION OF WATER LEVEL AT CẦN THƠ STATION VARIATION OF WATER LEVEL AT CHÂU ĐỐC STATION

4 3 25 DIỄN BIẾN TỔNG LƯU LƯỢNG TẠI TRẠM TÂN CHÂU VÀ CHÂU ĐỐC Từ 1/ /4 Q(1 Q ( 3 m 1 3 ) 3 m 3 /s) OF PRESENT CONDITION OF SEA LEVEL RISE 3 CM Month Thaùng Q 1998 Q 1999 Q Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 5 OF PRESENT CONDITION OF SEA LEVEL RISE 75 CM 4

5 Levels Present 3cm SLR 75cm SLR Areas (1 ha) Areas (1 ha) Diff Areas (1 ha) Diff Z < 1. m Z = m , Z = m 1, Z = m , Z = m Z > 3 m Total 3,861. 3,861. 3,861. Levels Present 3cm SLR 75cm SLR Areas (1 ha) Areas (1 ha) Diff Areas (1 ha) Diff S = - 1 g/l 2,13.7 1, , S = 1-2 g/l S = 2-4 g/l S = 4-1 g/l S = 1-25 g/l S > 25 g/l PRESENT CONDITION SEA LEVEL RISE 3 CM SEA LEVEL RISE 75 CM Saline intrusion is deeper in main rivers to threaten fresh water intake points and leads to the failure of fresh water projects. The dyke systems become ineffective to protect the intrusion of water from river or sea when the high tide The drainage capacity of sluices could be weaker because the sluices which were designed at previous water levels. Lengthen the serious flooding periods in cities such as Cần thơ, Cà Mau, Long xuyên due to the combination of rain and high tide. Many infrastructures such as roads, urban drainage will not be suitable However, there are some advantages such as increasing land area with gravitational irrigation, reducing acidity. 5

6 Good Awareness: To understand in sound way theclimate change To be aware of climate challenges impacts To accept that climate change is long term development problem Good Action: Contextualizing research program on climate change impact, response and adaptation in Vietnam Reinforcement of political strategy in land useplanning Reinforcement the community awareness of climate change impact Reinforcement of poverty alleviation policy and action plans Protect and develop protective forest along the coastal lines to reduce impacts from climate change and protect environment Select suitable plant varieties and adjust the cropping calendar Construct new and upgrade existing sea/river dike systems Invest to build resettlement areas infrastructures, roads v.v... to be suitable with SLR. Water resource planning and water control project should be included the impacts of climate change In order to mitigate and adapted with climate change, should be applied a combination of both constructionmeasures and non-construction measures. And, a good combination between construction measures and non-construction measures will increase benefits and decrease investment cost. Vulnerability and Adaptation initiatives for climate change in Vietnam is still just at the planning stage, we should quickly moved to the implementing stage All stakeholders should incorporate their contributions to the adaptation and mitigation initiatives The sooner we start, the better 6

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