Preparatory Study for Development Study (M/P or F/S)

Transcription

1 Preparatory Study for Development Study (M/P or F/S) 1. Title of the Cooperation Project and Name of the Project Proponent (1) Title of the Cooperation Project The Study for Groundwater Development in the Rural Provinces of the Southern Coastal Zone in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (2) Name of the Project Proponent Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (3) Implementing agency Center for Rural Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation (CERWASS) 2. Outline of the Project (Location, Project Description) (1) Location Target communes in the four provinces of Binh Thuan, Khanh Hoa, Ninh Thuan and Phu Yen (2) Project Description Stage 1: Basic Study 1. Collection, review and analysis of related data and information a. Overview of national and provincial development plans b. Social and economic conditions c. Natural conditions (topographical maps, hydrogeological maps, meteorological data, hydrological data, geological data, aerial photo, etc.) d. Other projects relevant to the Study e. Existing wells and existing water supply facilities and services f. Groundwater and surface water pollution g. Laws, regulations and policies on water resources development, water supply and sanitation h. Other relevant data and information 2. Field Survey a. Hydrological and hydrogeological investigation b. Topographical and geological investigation c. Investigation on existing water sources, groundwater usage and water supply system d. Diagnostic survey of existing water supply facilities e. Water quality analysis for existing water supply facilities f. Rural economic and organization survey 3. Survey on actual conditions of target communes a. Condition of water use and sanitation b. Social and economic aspects c. Rural organization d. People's awareness on health and hygiene and willingness to pay for the better water supply service e. Culture and custom on water supply and sanitation 4. Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) 5. Site selection for drilling of test boreholes Stage 2: Groundwater Resources Potential Survey 1

2 1. Field Survey a. Topographic data and geological investigation b. Groundwater investigation c. Investigation on rivers and springs d. Hydrogeological investigation e. Leveling survey 2. Preparation of inventory of existing wells 3. Geophysical exploration 4. Analysis of hydrological condition and water quality in the coast line area to grasp the saline intrusion 5. Test borehole construction, well logging, pumping test and water quality analysis 6. Evaluation of water resources potential Stage 3: Formulation of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Plan 1. Water demand projection 2. Formulation of planning framework 3. Formulation of groundwater resources development plan 4. Formulation of water supply facility plan 5. Formulation of action plans for the capacity development (through implementing some pilot activities) - operation and maintenance plan of rural water facilities in the provinces - public and individual hygienic awareness improvement plan 6. Cost Estimation 7. Evaluation a. Socio-economic evaluation b. Institutional and technical evaluation c. Environmental impact 8. Selection of projects for feasibility study Stage 4: Feasibility Study on the Selected Projects 1. Supplementary investigation 2. Confirmation of planning framework 3. Formulation of groundwater development plan 4. Formulation of water supply facility plan 5. Preliminary design of facilities 6. Cost estimation and financial plan 7. Land measurement survey 8. Formulation of sanitary improvement plan 9. Evaluation a. Financial and economic evaluation b. Institutional and technical evaluation c. Social evaluation d. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) 10. Formulation of implementation program (3) Target year 2020 in accordance with the National Strategy for Rural Clean Water Supply and Sanitation (NSRCWSS) 2

3 3. Legal Framework of Environmental and Social Considerations (Law, Competent Agency, Projects subject to EIA, Procedures, Information Disclosure and Stakeholders participation) (1) Law 1) Laws, guidelines on EIA There is a fundamental law shown below defining the basic procedures of EIA. - Law on Environmental Protection, which passed on Nov. 29 th, 2005, by the XI th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at its 8 th session. The projects to exploit groundwater with a capacity of 10,000 m 3 /day or more shall require EIA reports. (2) Competent Agency - Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Department of Environment Protection - Provincial People s Committee, Department of Natural Resources and Environment - Appraisal council and project-approving agency organized by MONRE (3) Procedure of EIA According to the guideline of EIA, the environmental clearance procedures in Vietnam are as follows: 1) Elaboration of EIA reports to the project-approving agency by the project implementing body 2) Confirmation of the project outline 3) Appraisal of the EIA reports by the appraisal council and project-approving agency organized by MONRE 4) Approval of the EIA study by the appraisal council and project-approving agency 5) Notification of the approval by the project-approving agency to the provincial People s Committees 6) Direction and inspection of the project implementation by the project-approving agency 7) Documentation of environmental protection commitments 8) Registration of the written environmental protection commitments by the district People s Committees 9) Responsibilities to realize the written environmental protection commitments by the project implementing body and to direct and organize supervision and inspection for realization of the written environmental protection commitments by the district and commune People s Committees 10) If the EIA reports is regarded as unsatisfactory, re-elaboration of EIA reports by the project implementing body (4) Information Disclosure and Stakeholders Participation The information disclosure and stakeholders participation in accordance with JICA guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations is agreed between JICA preparatory study team and counterpart agency (CERWASS). 4. Outline of the Locations 4.1 Population According to the long list of the target communes renewed by CERWASS form the original request, the population of the target communes is shown in Table 1. Table 1 Estimated Population of the Target Communes Province District Name of target communes Population 3

4 Bình Thuan Ham Thuan Nam Muơng Man 5,994 Tanh Linh Gia Huynh 5,148 Nghị Đuc 10,094 Ham Tan Tan Đuc 5,460 Đuc Linh Me Pu 13,235 Sung Nhơn 8,175 Đa Kai 11,404 Ninh Thuan Ninh Hai Nhơn Hai 14,842 Thuan Bac Cong Hai 7,381 Bac Sơn 6,449 Ninh Phuoc Phưoc Minh 3,959 Phưoc Hai 11,867 Phưoc Dinh 8,451 Phu Yen Đong Xuan Xuan Phuoc 8,291 Tuy An An Định 6,307 An Thọ 3,242 An My 11,427 Sơn Hoa Sơn Phuoc 3,059 Ea Cha Rang 2,583 Suoi Bạc 5,574 Tay Hoa Sơn Thanh Đong 8,225 Khanh Hoa Cam Ranh Cam An Bac 6,220 Cam Hiep Nam 6,103 Cam Hai Tay 10, Race The Kin people account for 88% of the total population and mainly inhabit the Red River delta, the central coast and the Mekong delta. The 53 ethnic minority groups are scattered over mountainous areas spreading the north to the south. Many minority groups, such as E De, Ba Na, Lu, Tay, Khmer and etc., live in the target provinces. The population of ethnic minority accounts for 23% and 4.7% of the total populations of the Ninh Thuan and Khanh Hoa Provinces. 4.3 Economics People in the target communes are fully depending on agriculture and livestock. 4.4 Education Literacy rate is 90.8% in 2004 (male 94.7%, female 86.8%, based on UNESCO Institute for Statistics). Enrollment ratio of primary school and secondary school are about 95% and 75% in 2004 according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics. 4.5 Land Use The project areas are located in hills and plains. Land use is predominated by rain-fed paddy rice, maize, and cassava farming and forestry. 4.6 Environment protected area 4

5 There are no environmentally protected areas in the target communes except that 2 target communes, Son Phuoc and Suoi Bac of Phu Yen Province are located in Krong Trai Nature Reserve. 4.7 Natural condition There is a rainy season in this area, that is, September to December in Phu Yen and Khanh Hoa Provinces and May to October in Binh Thuan Province. The rainy season in Ninh Thuan Province show combined characteristics in Phu Yen and Khanh Hoa Provinces and in Binh Thuan. The precipitation in Phan Rang of Ninh Thuan Province is half or less in Yuy Hoa of Phu Yen Province and Nha Trang of Khanh Hoa Province. The annual precipitation in the target provinces differs 700 to 2,800 mm according to the national atlas of Vietnam. The monthly precipitation data of South Central Coastal Zone in 2003 are shown in Table 2: Table 2 Precipitation of Southern Central Coastal Zone in 2000 to 2005 Station Jan. Feb. Mar Apr May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec mm/ 年 Tuy Hoa (Phu Yen) Nha Trang (Khanh Hoa) Phan Rang (Ninh Thuan) Phan Thiet (Binh Thuan) Ham Tan (Binh Thuan) Unit: Rainfall (mm), Source : Statistic Year Book Categorization and its Reason Category: B Some following negative environmental impacts are anticipated, According to previous hydrogeological information, the yields of planned production wells will be several 10 to several 100 m3/day. Groundwater level lowering may be anticipated by groundwater abstraction and long-term groundwater level lowering will lead to land subsidence by over groundwater abstraction Seawater intrusion may be anticipated by groundwater abstraction beside the coasts. Waste water, which will be discharged from households in accordance with the incremental of water supply, will lead to water pollution in the rural environment Rural people depend on water resources available from hand dug wells, springs or ponds, which are scare in dry seasons and at risk of infection. In the dry seasons most of rural people are buying drinking water with high cost from water vendor or especially low income households are subsidized from the local governments. When new rural water supply system will be implemented, the water venders will lose their business. 5

6 6. Provisional Scoping (Adverse Impacts and Environmental Mitigation measures, Alternatives) (1) Adverse Impact Table 3 Checklist for Scoping Environmental Item Evaluation Reason Social Environment 1 Resettlement D No need of resettlement because of small space occupied by the facilities. 2 Economic Activities C Present water vender business will be affected. 3 Traffic / Public Facilities D No facilities interfere. 4 Split of Communities D No facilities interfere. 5 Cultural Property D No facilities interfere. 6 Water rights and Rights of Common D No effect. 7 Public health condition D The public health condition will be improved by the project 8 Waste D No impact. Scale of facilities is small. 9 Hazard D No impact. Scale of facilities is small. Natural Environment 10 Topography and Geology D No impact. Scale of facilities is small. 11 Soil Erosion D No impact. Scale of facilities is small. 12 Groundwater C Groundwater level lowering and seawater intrusion may be anticipated by groundwater abstraction. 13 Hydrological situation D There is no perennial river in the Study Area. 14 Coastal zone D Project sites are located inland. 15 Fauna and flora C 2 target communes, Son Phuoc and Suoi Bac of Phu Yen Province are located in Krong Trai Nature Reserve. IEE procedure will be implemented after the planned area and contents of the project will be confirmed. Pollution 16 Meteorology D No impact. Scale of facilities is small. 17 Landscape D No impact. Scale of facilities is small. 18 Air pollution D No contamination source / activities. 19 Water pollution C Waste water will be discharged from households in accordance with the incremental of water supply. 20 Soil Contamination D No contamination source / activities. 21 Noise and Vibration D 22 Land subsidence C No noise and vibration accompanied with the project implementation Long-term groundwater level lowering by groundwater abstraction will lead to land subsidence. 23 Offensive odor D No contamination source / activities. Note 1: Evaluation categories A: Serious impact is expected B: Some impact is expected C: Extent of impact is unknown (Examination is needed. Impacts may become clear as study progress) D: No impact is expected. IEE/EIA is not necessary. Note 2: The evaluation should be made with reference to the explanation of item 6

7 (2) Overall Evaluation and Study Plan Table 4 Overall Evaluation Form Environmental Item Evaluation Study Plan Remarks Economic activities C The situation of current water vender business shall be investigated by socio-economic survey, interview with local people / water vender and existing information. The new jobs such as an operator and water fee collector of water user s associations shall be considered for them. There are some water venders in the project areas. Groundwater level lowering and sea water intrusion C Preliminary groundwater potential study shall be conducted based on the previous study and existing information / study. Groundwater flow and contaminant transport shall be analyzed using some groundwater modeling software. The results shall be reflected on the determination of groundwater abstraction amount. Cooperation with MONRE is essential. Fauna and flora Nature reserve C IEE procedure will be implemented by environmental impact assessment after the planned area and contents of the project will be confirmed. 2 target communes, Son Phuoc and Suoi Bac of Phu Yen Province are located in Krong Trai Nature Reserve. Water pollution C Present conditions of waster water discharge in the communes, such as manner of discharge, amount of discharge, treatment and so on, will be investigated in the Socio-economic survey. If the increment of waste water is supposed to be large, the construction of treatment facilities may be included in the plan. Cooperation with MONRE is essential Land subsidence C Long-term groundwater level lowering by groundwater abstraction shall be investigated by long-term groundwater level recording survey. Cooperation with MONRE is essential. Note : Evaluation categories A: Serious impact is expected B : Some impact is expected C : Extent of impact is unknown (Examination is needed. Impacts may become clear as study progress) D: No impact is expected. IEE/EIA is not necessary. 7

8 (3) Alternatives 1) Without Project Alternative Without the project, rural people will have to depend on water resources available from hand dug wells, springs or ponds, which are scare in dry seasons and at risk of infection. Most of rural people have to buy drinking water with high cost from water vendor or especially low income households have to be subsidized from the local governments. 2) Alternatives The rural water supply systems in Khanh Hoa Province, which statistics of the water supply systems are available, have been established as follows, groundwater source system (borehole system), spring source system (spring gravity system), small stream source system (stream pumping-gravity system). The spring, small stream as well as rainwater (roof catchment and jar system) are also encouraged for the rural areas by local governments according to water availability. In the case that there is no availability of groundwater resources in the target communes and that spring and small stream have no problem of water quantity and quality, the spring gravity system, rainwater roof catchment and jar system, and small stream pumping-gravity system will be alternative. 8