Urban Mining: Recycling or more?

Transcription

1 Urban Mining: Recycling or more? Paul H. BRUNNER Vienna University of Technology, Austria Urban Mining Forum, Taipeh, October 21st, 2011 Foto courtesy of Morf & Böni

2 Content What is urban mining? Why urban mining? Four elements of an urban mining strategy Urban mining and re-industrializing the city Summary 2/22

3 What is urban mining? Systematic, goal oriented management of anthropogenic resource stocks in view of: long-term environmental protection resource conservation economic benefits 3/22

4 Why urban mining? Environmental protection Environmental degradation by mining Environmental burdens by primary production 4/22

5 Why urban mining? large resource stocks Water 147 Fossil fuels 2 Construct. materials & consumer goods I ~ 200 t/c.y Air Stock: Off-gas Sewage Fluxes [t/(c.yr)] Stocks [t] 144 Export goods 3 Solid wastes 3 Municipal solid wastes 0.3 O ~ 195 t/c.y Source: Daxbeck et al (updated) 5/22

6 Why urban mining? large resource stocks plastic flows in Austria 1994 [in kt/year] 6/22 IMPORT Source: R. Fehringer, 1998 raw material primary processing stock: 40 intermediate products 990 plastic products 530 regranulate 26 regranulate product manufacturing stock: consumption Einsatz duro- and polymers plastic products stock: wastes collection, transporting, sorting stock: duro- and polymers plastic products intermediate products production wastes wastes wastes wastes recycling energy landfill recovery stock: 0 stock: 0 stock: off gas EXPORT

7 Why urban mining? resource conservation Iron flows through Austria , primary production 2 production 6 0,3 2,7 geogenic iron reserve 140 pedo-/ lithosphere 140* consumpt anthropogenic iron stock waste magment 1,5 other disposal ,8 7/22

8 The 4 elements of an urban mining strategy Topic 1. Design for Urban Mining 2. New knowledge base: Urban prospection methodology Resource cadastre 3. High-Technology logistics, separation, and recovery processes 4. Final sinks for the useless Actor industry & academia public -> private sector public & private sector public sector industry & academia public & private sector 8/22

9 The 4 elements of an urban mining strategy [cost for recovery /ton] 0 1. Design for Urban Mining: example lead telecom cable power sewer cable pipes water pipes inhouse market price lead accumulators Available stock [tons] source: Lohm et al., /22

10 The 4 elements of an urban mining strategy 1. Design for Urban Mining: example copper 10/22

11 The 5 elements of an urban mining strategy 1. Design for Urban Mining 2. New knowledge base: Resource cadastre 11/22

12 New knowledge base: the case of aluminum Aluminum - stock [kg/c] waste landfills red mud landfills consumption stock aluminum in packaging wastes: 1.9 kg/c.year = 3 % of total Al-turnover 12/22

13 New knowledge base: the case of Vienna [ kg/capita ] Groundwater Source: R. Obernosterer et al, 1998 Vienna stock in use and hybernating Lead 200 Iron 5,000 Stock in Vienna landfills Lead Iron /22

14 The 4 elements of an urban mining strategy 1. Design for Urban Mining 2. New knowledge base: Resource cadastre and Urban prospection (analogon to geophysical prospection) Concentration [mass per mass] Density [mass per area] Total mass of substance Speciation Other constituents Costs of exploitation others 14/22

15 The 4 elements of an urban mining strategy 1. Design for Urban Mining 2. New knowledge base 3. High-Tech logistics, separation, and recovery processes 15/22

16 High-Tech logistics and recovery processes from MSW to material resources by means of MSW incineration 16/22

17 High-Tech logistics and recovery processes from Morf & Böni, /22

18 The 4 elements of an urban mining strategy 1. Design for Urban Mining 2. New knowledge base 3. High-Tech logistics, separation, and recovery processes 4. Final sinks for the useless 18/22

19 Not all flows go in cycles -> need for sinks! corrosion & weathering consumption emissions (CO 2 et al.) sewage recycling solid waste 19/22

20 The sinks on planet earth are limited Atmosphere [Mio. km³] After A. Nieman supplemented by G. Döberl Hydrosphere Pedosphere [Mio. km³]. 0,3 [Mio. km³] 20/22

21 Summary 1. Goal of urban mining: resource conservation and environmental protection economic benefits 2. Reason for urban mining: large anthropogenic stocks ( larger than geogenic stocks?) 3. Challenges: new knowledge base new design for urban mining new technologies urban prospection high-tech separation processes (clean cycles!) economics of secondary versus primary resource use demand for final sinks! 21/22

22 22/22 Thank you

23 Stock dynamics and waste generation 20 mass [t/cap.yr] waste in 40 years waste today Input of solid materials into use Output of solid materials from use (wastes) 23/ Mean residence time of materials

24 Urban mining and re-industrializing the city Coupling materials and energy by MSW incineration from Morf & Böni, /22