Dr. Ligy Philip, Professor Dept. of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, INDIA

Transcription

1 Dr. Ligy Philip, Professor Dept. of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, INDIA

2 Introduction Bottom last in Human Development Index ( ), Child mortality and maternal mortality rates 170 deaths per 1,000 live births and 540 per 100,000 live births (2011) Primary school enrolment rose from 61 per cent (2007) to 75 per cent (2010). 43 per cent of children continue to suffer from chronic malnutrition, a situation that has not changed since WASH SITUATION Currently 47% of the population has access to safe drinking water (83% urban and 31% rural) 14% of the population has access to adequate sanitation facilities (36% urban and 4% rural) There are cholera epidemics every year in some provinces including more than 20,000 cases per year with a mortality rate of 7%.

3 Healthy Village & Schools Programme Certification Process - Community-based Demand for Integrating the programme - Community formal engagement with duty-bearers (signature of MoU) - Local Governance: election of the healthy village committee - Baseline and end line analysis of behaviours, attitudes and practices of households (KAP surveys) - Participatory Self-Assessment of the community water, hygiene and sanitation situation - Community-based Planning process - Community Based Action using internal resources with external support - Celebration of community achievements & certification village "healthy" - Sustainability monitoring & support to ensure maintenance of infrastructure and behaviour changes.

4 Healthy Village Norms for Certification: a complete WASH package The village has an active gender balanced healthy village comittee At least 80% of the population has access to clean water At least 80% of households have access to hygienic latrines At least 80% of households dispose of their solid waste hygienically in a pit At least 60% of the population wash their hands with soap or use ash before preparing food or eating and after latrine use At least 70% of the population understands the faecal oral route of disease transmission and how to prevent it The village is cleaned at least once a month by the community... And similar norms apply for the Healthy Schools

5 Phase 1 Results ( ) Phase 2 Expected Results ( ) Program started in 2006 Beneficiaries: 3,50,000 million and 2,40,000 students To date: 5289 villages in process, of which 3256 certified 1425 schools in process, of which 1054 certified GOAL villages to be certified 6.6 million beneficiaries

6 WHY WSP? UNEP and others Findings Household contamination of water (no HWT) Poor hygiene practices (Transport +PoU) Microbial contamination highly prevalent: Regular Cholera out breaks in some areas Maintenance of healthy status problematic No water quality surveillance capacities +logistics VA Complementary approach: Villages supported by other NGOs in WASH Certified as Healthy

7 Typical practices that cause water Contamination Water is being collected in wide mouthed vessels Water is being transported in uncovered vessels Hand is used as a funnel for collection of water During transport, hands are dipping in water

8 Unclean Storage Vessels Inside view of a water collection vessel Layers of microbial growth inside ( Jerry Can) a Jerry Can

9 WATER SAFETY PLANS ENSURE WATER QUALITY CONSISTENTLY AT THE POINT OF USE RISK MANAGEMENT APPROACH Analyze the water chain, hazards and risks Identify and implement control measures & corrective measures Emphasis more on Prevention and Management than Control

10 THE WATER CHAIN SOURCE & CATCHMENT TRANSPORT POINT OF USE

11 The Structure of WSP

12 The big kiss with VA Visita Chief Medical Officer Share exp with other villages Condivide best practices 8 Community party and sharing 0 Application facilitation team describes process and expected results KAP Self evaluation Maintenance plan Check criteria 7 measure impact 1 Community Involvment Sign Agreement Chief medical officer visits the village Diritti e doveri Mobilization resources NGO WASH advisor Implement Plan of action messages disseminated Facilitation team comes back every week 6 Community Based Action VA 2 Local Governance GoC contribution explained identify people to train on water maintenance Collect money create committee of 7 people Create WSP team Selection criteria mobilise local resources Questionner on health conditions Drafts Management plan Emergency plan Monitor control measures and veryfy effectiveness Plan of action based on findings in 4 selected practices simple interventions who does why when Indicators Give the booklet?? 5 Community Planning Identify critical points 3 Preliminary Analysis Initial KAP? 4 Participatory Assessment Morbility from dirty water WASH knwledge Partecipatory assessment of wash learn more Engage community Incorporation of WSP into exisitng certified VA? communicaton Auduting Drafts Document and review Present format phase 5? Identify optimal conditions Identify control measures Identify ordinary corrective actions spring Identify hazards and risks Training on FFF? Describe Water Supply Holistic multy sources description Subdivide in chain elements spring river handpump documentation Develop improvment plan river open well handpump water vendor Sanitary inspection xtra sheet comments? Community tool Tool Tool Comunity tool Facilitator Identify producers and users water vendor open well guiding matrix sanitary inspection Facilitator tool WSP

13 Risk management in the WSP

14 The Tools: Checklists Catchment Source(s) Transport &Point of use

15 The Risk Analysis

16 Major Components For all control points of the water chain Check Lists Risk Analysis Improvement plan with pros and cons of each option Operational/management plan for postcertification maintenance

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