WTE A PART OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY Bettina Kamuk, Head of Department Rambøll Board Member, ISWA, and Chair of the Working Group Energy

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1 WTE A PART OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY Bettina Kamuk, Head of Department Rambøll Board Member, ISWA, and Chair of the Working Group Energy Recovery, ISWA

2 RAMBOLL CONSULTING GROUP Established i 1945 Ramboll consulting group: Close to 10,000 experts Leading waste-to-energy consultant with more than 60 specialists within WTE Long track record of waste-toenergy plant projects more than 35 on-going WTE projects. Independent consulting services 2

3 WASTE-TO-ENERGY FACILITY REFERENCES 3

4 WASTE TO ENERGY IN EUROPE 4

5 DANISH WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY Preventing the loss of resources and environmental impact of waste Ensuring a zero-growth in waste in conjunction with economic growth Improve the quality of waste treatment and increasing the efficiency of the waste sector 5

6 HOW MUCH ENERGY FROM WTE IN DENMARK 3.3 million tonnes of waste incinerated Electricity 1.5 million MWh Heat 6.5 million MWh 3-4% of total 18-20% of total 430,000 households 360,000 households 6

7 BOTTOM ASH URBAN MINING? TOC max. 3% Metal recovery (Fe, Al) Recovery of critical metals technically possible but dependent on market price for metals and input 7

8 DANISH ENERGY POLICY Quote:.and waste shall play a central role in the development of a green and long-term energy system in Denmark. KATHERINE RICHARDSON, CHAIR OF THE DANISH CLIMATE COMMISSION 2010: In 2020: 35% renewable energy In 2050: 100% renewable 8

9 ENERGY RESSOURCES - COPENHAGEN 9

10 THE COPENHAGEN DISTRICT HEATING NETWORK 1 mile 10

11 COPENHAGEN WTE LOCATION 11

12 THE COPENHAGEN WINNER: BIG WASTE-TO-ENERGY QUOTE: 12

13 COPENHAGEN WTE ARCHITECTURE 13

14 THE COPENHAGEN WINNER: BIG WTE TECHNOLOGY 14

15 COPENHAGEN FLUE GAS TREATMENT PROCESS Bettina 15 Kamuk, RECUWATT

16 ALTERNATIVE FLUE GAS TREATMENT SYSTEM Bettina 16 Kamuk, RECUWATT

17 EU BREF - BATOEL Parameter Unit daily average BATOEL ½-hour average 100 % Dust mg/nm HCl mg/nm HF mg/nm 3 <1 <2 SO 2 + SO 3 mg/nm NO x as NO 2 mg/nm ) ) Result of spot sampling NH 3 mg/nm 3 <10 Cd + Tl mg/nm metals mg/nm Hg mg/nm 3 <0.05 Dioxins, TEQ ng/nm ) With SNCR. 2) With SCR ) ) Bettina 17 Kamuk, RECUWATT

18 SELECTION OF OPTIMAL STEAM PARAMTERS Economically optimal range of steam parameters 18

19 WASTE-TO-ENERGY ENERGY OUTPUT 1 ton affald 2 MWh varme 2/3 MWh elektricitet 19

20 WASTE TO ENERGY AS RENEWABLE ENERGY 20

21 CO 2, tonnes CLIMATE CHANGE: SAVED CO 2 EMISSION CO 2 by producing 10 GJ heat/power and treatment of 1 tonne of waste Coal as energy source Oil as energy source Natural gas as energy source Waste as energy source CO ² saved Landfill/composting of waste Energy production (Methan emission excluded!) 21

22 COST OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY New plant or extension, EU Directive 2005 Construction cost, EUR/tonne/year XVC Treatment cost: Amortisation Operation Maintenance Income from sale of electricity 2/3 MWh/t x 60 EUR/MWh = Income from sale of heat 2 MWh/t x 30 EUR/MWh = Net treatment cost: Waste-to-Energy = EUR/tonne Image size: 11,29 cm x 10,79 cm = EUR/tonne 40 = EUR/tonne 60 = EUR/tonne

23 WASTE-TO-ENERGY - COSTS CONCLUSION: Recovery of energy WTE costs are the same as the price of an empty rubbish sack Recovery of metals Low waste treatment cost Low environmental impact Reduces CO2 High public acceptance Low energy prices i.e. about 0,40 EUR/week per household! 23

24 REMEMBER THE COMPLETE SYSTEM 24

25 RELEVANT PAPERS/GUIDELINES FROM ISWA 25

26 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! BETTINA KAMUK 26