Matt Gudorf Campus Energy Manager. Page 1

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1 Matt Gudorf Campus Energy Manager Page 1

2 Quick Facts About UCI 7.4 Million Square Feet of Conditioned Space District High Temp and Chilled Water Campus 12kV owned and operated grid 4.5 Million Gallon Thermal Energy Storage Tank 13 MW average load 120 Million kwh per year Laboratories make up 66% of the campus load Page 2

3 Page 3 $20,000,000 $18,000,000 $16,000,000 $14,000,000 $12,000,000 $10,000,000 $8,000,000 $6,000,000 $4,000,000 $2,000,000 $- Utility Costs Co-Gen Installed UCI Begins SEP Program Energy Cost Without Projects Energy Cost with Projects ,000,000 9,000,000 8,000,000 7,000,000 6,000,000 5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 Total Variable Costs w/o SEP Total Variable Costs with SEP Campus GSF 0 Campus GSF

4 UCI s Strategic Energy Plan (SEP) Identify and implement projects using the energy savings to pay back the cost of the project. Maximize Federal, State, and Local incentives to reduce the project cost. Combine base projects with low return on investment with next steps to create acceptable returns with large energy savings. Calendar year Total Project Cost Incentive Received Bond Program Project costs Annual Loan Payment Amount(1) Annual Total Energy Cost Savings ($/yr) Ratio of energy savings to debt 2009 $ 14,718,458 $ 4,388,332 $ 9,244,231 $ 963,644 $ 2,053, $ 12,805,306 $ 2,586,284 $ 9,053,838 $ 1,032,800 $ 1,294, $ 12,575,725 $ 2,899,496 $ 8,391,243 $ 872,093 $ 1,281, Page 4

5 Monitoring and Verification Capabilities 1. What level of metering do you have? 2. What level of metering do you need? 3. Where is the information you need? 4. What metrics should I trend and make decisions with? Page 5

6 Look Closer Find More Savings TOTAL ENERGY USE BUILDING Electric and Gas Meter BUILDING SYSTEM USE EMS HVAC, pumps, chillers EMS boiler, water heater ZONE-LEVEL USE EMS, CDCV Fume hood use, IAQ, thermal demand Submetering lighting, plug load CDCV, EMS reheat At the zone level, measurement and verification resolution are so high That you are essentially constantly commissioning the building. Page 6

7 Page 7 Building Management System

8 Cost-Effective Submetering Meter Specs 12 channels per board Meter accuracy +/- 0.5% (0.25% typical) V, I, active energy, reactive energy, power factor Current Transformer Specs Sensor accuracy +/- 1% Current transformers amps Clamp-on installation Page 8

9 Meter installed Connected to Internet Clamp-on CTs installed Page 9

10 10 KWH danger high voltage 10 KWH danger high voltage System Description mel r o k C o r p o r a t i o n Individual 12 Channel Meters mel r o k C o r p o r a t i o n EnerACQ User Interface Acquisition SW SQL Express DB User PC Multiple Users EnerACQ User Interface Database Server User PC Page 10

11 Page 11 Visualization of Lab Energy Use

12 Page 12 Dashboard Design

13 Where did UCI start? Conventional Complex, multi-vendor architectures Multiple points of failure Requires integrator services Expensive Vendor #3 Ethernet Interface Vendor #1 Vendor #2 Page 13

14 Where are we going? MelRoK Simple & Effective Energy Information Service W.A.G.E.S. Aircuity Lab Air Flow Monitoring Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Fume Hood Sash Management Utility + Weather Data Big Data Analytics Server EnergiStream BMS Connectivity Page 14

15 Metrics That Can Lead to Action LEED Energy Star Labs 21 Benchmarks Total Building Load Watts / Square Foot Therms / Square Foot Lighting HVAC Plug Load Watts / Square Foot Interior Load vs Exterior Load Daytime Load vs Nighttime Load Lighting Load per Floor Watts / Square Foot Therms / Square foot Daytime Load vs Nighttime Load CFM per Zone Watts / Square Foot Daytime Load vs Nighttime Load Plug Load per Floor Fixed Load vs User Load Page 15 Information that is actionable

16 The Framework Establish baselines for building pre- and post- energy improvement measures (EIM) Establish baselines for energy equipment pre- and post- EIM Automated and continuous comparison of building and equipment performance relative to baselines Fast detection of any deviation from post-commissioning performance Automated alerts when anomaly detected at building or equipment level Integrated approach: Power, Gas, Chilled Water, Hot Water and Environmental Sensors Page 16

17 Lighting SEP Projects Parking Structures HPS to Bi-Level Induction Roadways HPS to Induction Pathways HPS and Metal Halide to Fluorescent All T8-32W lamps to T8-25W, NLO Ballast to RLO Ballast Bi-Level Stairwells / Corridors Daylighting controls 32 Watt Time Clock and BMS controls T8 25 Watt T8 NLO Ballast BF RLO Ballast.71 BF Page 17 15,000 Fixtures saving 2,550,000 kwh

18 Changed how we sequence Auto on to 50% Manual on to 100% Auto off Changed how we zone Page 18

19 Lighting Lighting is controlled per lab bay -- not per lab -- to maximize savings. Page 19

20 LED Task Lighting Magnetically mounted LED task lighting Page 20

21 Mechanical System SEP Projects Constant Air Volume to Variable Air Volume Constant Flow to Variable Flow Pneumatic to Direct Digital Control Static pressure reset Supply air temperature reset Occupancy based control of HVAC Exhaust Stack Discharge Velocity Reduction Centralized Demand Controlled Ventilation Page 21

22 Centralized Demand Controlled Ventilation Monitors the indoor air quality of multiple zones through a network of structured cables and air data routers Analyzes the sampled air with a series of sensors Provides the lab air control system with an input for increased ventilation when necessary. The system is only an input to your lab air control system, no different than a thermostat, or sash position sensor. Target is 4 air changes per hour in occupied labs and 2 air changes per hour in unoccupied labs. Page 22

23 CDCV System Architecture Supply Air Duct Supply Air Reference Probe Lab Room 101 Lab Room 102 Classroom 103 GEX Duct Probe (typ.) Room Sampling Port General Exhaust Duct Sensor Suite with TVOC, CO2, dewpoint & particulate sensors Server Air Data Router Air Data Router Vacuum Pump BMS Connectivity Web Based User Interface Page 23

24 CDCV Components Vacuum Pump Sensor Suite Structured Cable Air Data Router Duct Probe Page 24

25 CDCV System Dashboard and Data Trends for Each Zone Air change rates (ACR) Internal air quality (IAQ) Sash position of each fume hood Occupancy Relative humidity Temperature Total supply Total exhaust Page 25

26 Page 26 Visualization of lab HVAC use

27 Monitoring Fume Hood Usage Fume hood usage Change rangein average sash position from the month prior This hood shows Red usage indicates between poorer 0% average green indicates improved open and 65% average open. sash management Page 27

28 How many hoods are in use right now in your lab and how far open are the sashes? Smart Labs are not just controls and sensors. Smart Labs provide real time feedback as well as monthly reporting data that is actionable. Return on investment is directly affected by lab practices. Page 28

29 Page 29 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, CFM Sunday 4/3/11 18:11 Monday 4/4/11 2:24 Monday 4/4/11 10:50 Monday 4/4/11 19:00 Tuesday 4/5/11 3:13 Tuesday 4/5/11 12:38 Tuesday 4/5/11 20:45 Wednesday 4/6/11 4:55 Wednesday 4/6/11 14:56 Thursday 4/7/11 0:46 Thursday 4/7/11 11:09 Thursday 4/7/11 21:04 Friday 4/8/11 7:55 Friday 4/8/11 18:26 Saturday 4/9/11 2:37 Saturday 4/9/11 10:47 ACH Total Flow and ACH Profile Six-Day Period Total Flow & ACH All labs, Sunday to Saturday Total Supply Total ACH

30 Sunday 4/3/11 18:11 Monday 4/4/11 2:24 Monday 4/4/11 10:50 Monday 4/4/11 19:00 Tuesday 4/5/11 3:13 Tuesday 4/5/11 12:38 Tuesday 4/5/11 20:45 Wednesday 4/6/11 4:55 Wednesday 4/6/11 14:56 Thursday 4/7/11 0:46 Thursday 4/7/11 11:09 Thursday 4/7/11 21:04 Friday 4/8/11 7:55 Friday 4/8/11 18:26 Saturday 4/9/11 2:37 Saturday 4/9/11 10:47 Page Air Change Rates for Room 1200 Graphed Over Six Days Typical Lab flow profile Single Lab, Sunday to Saturday RM 1200B.RM 1200 ACH ACH

31 Plug Load Outside the direct control of the facility manager Growing rapidly with increases in automated lab equipment No current method for control or containment? Lack of Energy Star label for lab equipment Few to no requirements to purchase most energy efficient equipment when using grant funding. Page 31

32 Page 32 A Pristine (Unassigned) Lab

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37 Zone-Level Resolution Can Lead to Peak Demand Savings Autoclave In Gross Hall 60 kw peak Page 37 HDP1 is a distribution board on the 1st floor. It is responsible for feeding several equipment loads, autoclave units EQ2, EQ3, and EQ4. HDP1 is fed directly from the main switchboard at 480/277 volts. The board maximum current rating is 225 amps. The largest load on HDP1 is the medium autoclave EQ2, which is rated at 75kVA.

38 Zone-Level Resolution Can Lead to Peak Demand Savings Autoclave EQ2 Did running the autoclave on peak just cost you $600 in demand charges? Gross Hall average site demand ranges from a baseline of 148kW to an average peak of 205 kw Page 38

39 Hewitt Hall vs. Gross Hall Designed in 2001 Exceeded Title 24 by 23.7% Biomedical research Lighting upgrade in 2009 Exhaust stack discharge velocity Reduction in 2009 Re-commissioned in ,905 square feet Designed in 2009 Exceeded Title 24 by 50.4% Biomedical research Designated LEED Platinum - NC 94,705 square feet Page 39

40 Gross Hall s Lab Utilization Nearly Twice Hewitt Hall s Percent Occupied by Building (7 days) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 58% Gross Hall 27% Hewitt Hall Page 40

41 Page 41 Building Load Per Square Foot 6.00 Watts / Gross Square Foot Hewitt Hall Gross Hall Watts per Square Foot 0:15 1:00 1:45 2:30 3:15 4:00 4:45 5:30 6:15 7:00 7:45 8:30 9:15 10:00 10:45 11:30 12:15 13:00 13:45 14:30 15:15 16:00 16:45 17:30 18:15 19:00 19:45 20:30 21:15 22:00 22:45 23:30 Time of Day

42 Page 42 AHU + EF + Pumps + Chilled Water Building Square Feet 6 1 Watt /1000 x 8760 hours x $0.105kWh= $0.92 /SqFt Watts per Square foot 0:15 0:45 1:15 1:45 2:15 2:45 3:15 3:45 4:15 4:45 5:15 5:45 6:15 6:45 7:15 7:45 8:15 8:45 9:15 9:45 10:15 10:45 11:15 11:45 12:15 12:45 13:15 13:45 14:15 14:45 15:15 15:45 16:15 16:45 17:15 17:45 18:15 18:45 19:15 19:45 20:15 20:45 21:15 21:45 22:15 22:45 23:15 23:45 Hewitt Hall Gross Hall Gross Total Building Hewitt Hall Total Building

43 Lighting Previous Best Practice 0.9 watts/sqft Space Type Gross Hall Offices 0.49 watts/sqft 1.1 watts/sqft 1 watts/sqft Labs Overall Conditioned Space 0.3W/1000 x 8760 x$0.105kwh= $ /SqFt 0.66 watts/sqft 0.61 watts/sqft 24 Hour Demand Curves 24 Hour Actual Watts Per SQFT Page :45 0:00 0:15 1:30 2:45 4:00 5:15 6:30 7:45 9:00 10:15 11:30 12:45 14:00 15:15 16:30 17:45 19:00 20:15 21:30 Watts Per Square Foot :15 1:15 2:15 3:15 4:15 5:15 6:15 7:15 8:15 9:15 10:15 11:15 12:15 13:15 14:15 15:15 16:15 17:15 18:15 19:15 20:15 21:15 22:15 23:15 kw Hewitt Hall 2nd Floor Lighting Demand Gross Hall 2nd Floor Lighting Demand Hewitt Hall Watts Per Sqft Gross Hall Watts Per Sqft

44 Lab Air Supply and Exhaust Hewitt Hall 2 nd floor 6 Air changes per hour minimum No set back during unoccupied periods Zone presence sensors on fume hoods Gross Hall 2 nd floor 4 Air changes per hour minimum occupied 2 Air Changes per hour minimum unoccupied Zone presence sensors on fume hoods Centralized Demand Controlled Ventilation system adjusting ACH for indoor air quality. Lab 2501 Lab 2200 Page 44

45 Evidence of Where Building s HVAC Energy Savings are Achieved Hewitt Hall Lab 2501 Air change rates are dependent on sash position and thermal demand. Lab 2501 averages 8 air changes per hour Air change rates are dynamic responding to occupancy, IAQ, sash position, and thermal demands Lab 2200 averages 4 air changes per hour Gross Hall Lab 2200 Page 45

46 Lab Air Flow vs. Time The HVAC savings of 1 CFM/ft2 at $4-5 per CFM can reduce operational significantly. A 1 CFM reduction at Hewitt Hall in just the open lab bays would reduce operational cost by $83,250 per year CFM / Square Foot Comparison Gross Hall vs. Hewitt Hall 1.53 CFM/ ft 2 average CFM/ ft 2 average /17/11 13:41 8/17/11 21:41 8/18/11 5:41 8/18/11 13:41 8/18/11 21:41 8/19/11 5:41 8/19/11 13:41 8/19/11 21:41 8/20/11 5:42 8/20/11 13:42 8/20/11 21:42 8/21/11 5:44 8/21/11 13:44 8/21/11 21:44 8/22/11 5:46 8/22/11 13:46 8/22/11 21:46 8/23/11 5:48 8/23/11 13:48 8/23/11 21:48 8/24/11 5:49 8/24/11 13:49 8/24/11 21:49 8/25/11 5:50 8/25/11 13:50 8/25/11 21:50 8/26/11 5:52 8/26/11 13:52 8/26/11 21:52 8/27/11 5:53 8/27/11 13:53 8/27/11 21:53 8/28/11 5:55 8/28/11 13:56 8/28/11 21:56 8/29/11 5:57 8/29/11 13:57 8/29/11 21:57 8/30/11 5:59 CFM/ Sq. Ft. Gross CFM/ Sq. Ft. Hewitt CFM / Sq. Ft. Page 46

47 Benchmarking It is easy to see how campus labs compare to each other but what about across the country? Page 47

48 Adding Hewitt and Gross Halls Hewitt is right at the average Gross Hall beats the most efficient lab benchmarked by 18% Page 48

49 Continuous Commissioning -- Meaningful analysis and reports -- Actionable information -- Verification of actions taken: physical and behavioral CDCV Find failed lab air control valves Review of fume hood sash management Ensure safe lab air quality Find excessive air flows due to point sources of heat Submetering Monitoring of fans, pumps, and lighting control systems Verification of energy retrofits Reduce demand charges by modifying operations BMS Locate simultaneous heating and cooling Reset of static pressure to minimum required Control run times of office areas Page 49

50 Troubleshooting a CO 2 leak With the CDCV System Researcher connects 4 tanks of CO 2 to the lab distribution system and within 8 hours they are empty. To find the leak the research staff could have spent hours soaping lines and connections and wasting additional gas listening for the leak. Page 50

51 Researcher first plotted all rooms for CO 2 Suspected location of CO 2 leak Page 51

52 Researcher Then Plotted the Room with the Suspected CO 2 Leak The leak was quickly located and repaired! Page 52

53 Discovery of Lab Equipment Driving Thermal Demand The Knowledge Center has been used to locate lab equipment placed too close or under thermostats. Page 53

54 Return on Investment Commissioning Cx, Rx, MBCx is approximately $2 per SqFt Hewitt Hall MBCx $131,309 Net present value for 10 years (MBCx every 5 years) Hewitt Hall $113,590 $250, $200, Cumulative Cash Flow MBCx Project MBCx $150, $100, $50, $- $(50,000.00) Page 54 $(100,000.00) MBCx Cumulative Cash Flow MBCx Net Savings

55 Sub metering and monitoring your lab can be very competitive with the cost of a single commissioning effort. CDCV ~$3.12 per SqFt Sub metering $0.20 per SqFt Hewitt Hall Sub Metering and CDCV $302,888 Net present value for Hewitt Hall continuous commissioning (10 years) $665,903 Cumulative Cash Flow Page 55 $1,400, $1,200, $1,000, $800, $600, $400, $200, $- $(200,000.00) Smart CCx Cumulative Cash Flow Smart CCx Net Savings

56 Return on Investment Smart CCx although a larger initial investment provides for greater longterm savings as well as strategic analysis, monitoring, and savings that cannot be accomplished with traditional MBCx. Cumulative Cash Flow MBCx vs. SMART CCx $1,400, $1,200, $1,000, $800, $600, $400, $200, $- $(200,000.00) Smart CCx Cumulative Cash Flow Smart CCx Net Savings MBCx Cumulative Cash Flow MBCx Net Savings Page 56

57 Final Thoughts Monitoring or constant commissioning is a must. UC Irvine has deployed the CDCV system to 13 buildings covering zones. UC Irvine has awarded a contract to sub meter the almost all campus buildings. Monitoring each building and load centers within each building. Maintaining the savings invested in is the key reason for choosing to deploy the technologies. Page 57

58 Page 58 QUESTIONS?