SET Plan TWG on Smart Cities

Transcription

1 SET Plan TWG on Smart Cities Technological roadmap - development of next generation of technologies for Net Zero Energy Districts EERA Joint Programme on Cmart Cities, represented by: Hans-Martin Neumann, AIT, Catrin Haider, AIT, Ali Hainoun, AIT, Ghazal Etminan, AIT, Miimu Airaksinen, VTT, Annemie Wyckmans, NTNU, Paola Clerici Maestosi EERA is an official part of the EU SET-Plan.

2 CONTENT Introduction Net Zero Energy/Emission Districts (ZEED): Definition and Typologies Case studies & lessons learnt Technology Roadmap for Net Zero Energy Districts Conclusion and outlook

3 Net Zero Energy Districts Definition and Typologies

4 INTRODUCTION Net-Zero Energy Building (NZEB) supply their energy needs from renewable energy sources by two options: Off-grid building (ZEB): balance calculation in the building On-grid building (net ZEB): balance with the grids of heat, gas and electricity Motivation: NZEB can generate new jobs, improve energy security and create future-proofing of investment for companies Currently only about 500 commercial NZEB and 2000 residential NZEB exist around the world (Source: World Green Building Council, 2017)

5 ZEB need to ensure: PRINCIPLE OF ZEB 1. High energy saving (conservation and efficiency): Efficient construction ( building insulation, orientation) Efficient appliances Optimal energy conservation (wise consumer behavior) Optimized operation and periodic maintenance 2. Covering energy demand by on-site renewable energy generation Zero and Positive Energy Blocks provide an innovation push for Zero Energy Districts

6 SUPPLY OPTIONS OF ZEB Option Number NZEB Supply-Side Options Examples 0 Reduce site energy use through energy efficiency and demandside renewable building technologies. Daylighting; insulation; passive solar heating; high-efficiency heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning equipment; natural ventilation, evaporative cooling; ground-source heat pumps; ocean water cooling. On-Site Supply Options 1 2 Use RE sources available within the building footprint and connected to its electricity or hot/chilled water distribution system. Use RE sources available at the building site and connected to its electricity or hot/chilled water distribution system. PV, solar hot water, and wind located on the building. PV, solar hot water, low-impact hydro, and wind located on parking lots or adjacent open space, but not physically mounted on the building. Off-Site Supply Options 3 4 Use RE sources available off site to generate energy on site and connected to the building s electricity or hot/chilled water distribution system. Purchase recently added off-site RE sources, as certified from Green-E (2009) or other equivalent REC programmes. Continue to purchase the generation from this new resource to maintain NZEB status. Biomass, wood pellets, ethanol, or biodiesel that can be imported from off site, or collected from waste streams from on-site processes that can be used on site to generate electricity and heat. Utility-based wind, PV, emissions credits, or other green purchasing options. All offsite purchases must be certified as recently added RE. A building could also negotiate with its power provider to install dedicated wind turbines or PV panels at a site with good solar or wind resources off site. In this approach, the building might own the hardware and receive credits for the power. The power company or a contractor would maintain the hardware.

7 NET ZERO ENERGY/ EMISSION DISTRICTS (ZEED) ZEED comprises residential and service buildings (new, retrofitted and historic) that actively manage the energy flow between them and the larger energy and mobility system. Measures to realize ZEED: Optimal use of advanced materials Local RES and local storage Demand response measures Electrical vehicle smart charging Energy management for electricity, heating and cooling User interaction and ICT Targets for EU Deployment of ZEED to have by 2025 at least 100 successful examples synergistically connected to the energy system in Europe fostering a strong export of related technologies. Source: Action Initiatives for Smart Cities and Communities, EU 2016

8 Case Studies And lessons learnt

9 Inspiring project Integrated infrastructure In central Stockholm, internet supplier Bahnhof Thule is running one of Sweden s most energy-efficient data centres. With a cooling system that has been linked to Fortum Värme s networks for both, district heating and district cooling. Facts: 1,189 kw producing district cooling of 5.5 degrees Celsius. The corresponding heat output of 68 degrees Celsius is around 1,583 kw. Source:

10 Integrated infrastructure Lessons learnt Inspiring project The project shows that it is possible to connect data centers to both the district heating and cooling system in a cost-efficient way, also, due to the successful involvement of many different stakeholders. This technical solution represents an additional safety net for guaranteed cooling of the data center which is one of the most important decision drivers for data center operators. The project benefitted from the already existing nearby district cooling system which might not (yet) be present in many cities. Financial Bahnhof Thule has invested a total of ~ 560,000 in the cooling system Värme has invested ~ 260,000 million in the new pipeline for district heating and district cooling

11 ZERO BILLS HOME Applicability: residential building Innovation: integrated energy generation facility consisting of Top-roof PV Air heat pump Hot water cylinder (for space and water heating) Smart charging for electrical vehicles Standard ventilation Super insulation with thermal inertia of heavy floor and ceiling BRE Innovation Park in Watford, UK Roof integrated PV and air source heat pumps

12 ZERO VILLAGE BERGEN Integrated energy design and flexible energy solutions for ZEED Applicability: residential (800 homes) and service buildings Energy: self supply with thermal and electric energy Innovation: Passive houses with full insulation (windows, walls ceilings and floors) Hot water cylinder (for space and water heating) Electrical vehicle smart charging Ground thermal energy storage (UTES) Zero Village Bergen, Norway

13 ZERO VILLAGE BERGEN It generates 500% more energy than it needs Applicability: 200 private households Energy: self supply and plus Innovation: PV with excess power used for EV (cars, buses, bicycles) and for public facilities Power: 5 MW PV, 11 Wind turbines and hydropower Heat: 5 biogas plants, biomass heating system, 2100 m2 solar thermal systems, few geothermal systems

14 Technological Roadmap Next generation of technologies for Net Zero Energy Districts

15 TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP FOR ZEED IN EU TOWARDS 2025 EU Targets Deployment of ZEED to have by 2025 at least 100 successful examples synergistically connected to the energy system in Europe and a strong export of related technologies. Source: Action Initiatives for Smart Cities and Communities, EU 2016 Lessens learned from previous ZEB: among EU countries Potentials and challenges for ZEED in EU: policy of energy infrastructure, innovative energy saving Innovative technologies scenarios: reference ZEEDs for 3 EU areas Feasibility studies: financial viability of proposed scenarios Deployment: replication of reference ZEEDs by area

16 TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS FOR ZEED Energy saving measures: high insulation (triple glazing), high efficiency appliances and HVAC, air- and ground-source heat pumps, integrated facade Renewable energy sources: on- and off-grid PV, wind, solar thermal, waste-to-power/heat Power and heat storages: effective batteries, H 2, high thermal inertia of floor and ceiling, EV Optimized energy infrastructure for power and heat: smart urban energy networks, ICT and transport, building interlinkage, Optimized operation and periodic maintenance of building, equipment and infrastructure ZEEDs are Renewable relied, Efficiency maximized and Energy optimized

17 FROM CURRENT TO PLUS ENERGY BUILDING Source: The Research Centre on Zero Emission Buildings

18 FINANCIALLY ATTRACTIVE TO DEVELOPERS New Investment Opportunities Typical Sale Profit Higher Sale Profit Cost of Typical Building Cost of Net Zero Energy Building Solar PV District Heating and Cooling Energy Effiency Financing Reduced Cost for Net Zero Energy Building Sale Price for Typical Building Sale Price for Net Zero Energy Building

19 THE PATH TO NET ZERO ENERGY Renewable Energy Capacity Typical Building Geothermal District Heating and Cooling Efficient Building Design

20 Conclusions And Outlook

21 CONCLUSIONS ZEEDs are Renewable relied, Efficiency maximized and Energy optimized quarters. Successfully implemented zero energy buildings offer an innovation push for Zero Energy Districts. Standard pilot projects for reference ZEEDs need to be realized for different areas in the EU to act as innovation hubs for longer-term and larger-scale deployment. New business models are needed to account for appropriate energy performance goals and incentives for the entire district lifecycle. New specific performance criteria need to be introduced to monitor the transition to ZEEDs in the EU.

22 KEY CHALLENGES Socio-economic and technological barriers for deploying ZEEDs in EU Different needs of new vs. retrofitted buildings/infrastructure within ZEEDs Incentives for communities to adopt ZEEDs in the medium and long term Need for intensive cooperation with industry to enable cost-effective technological innovations for ZEEDs Energy policy framework to enforce/encourage the deployment of ZEEDs including public acceptance Need for coordination between national governments and local policy makers

23 Thank You!