CHINA: THEN AND NOW. QUALITY OF LIFE IN CHINA: Category China Then China Now. 67 years in years

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1 CHINA: THEN AND NOW QUALITY OF LIFE IN CHINA: Category Then Now Life expectancy at birth GDP (current U.S.$) (in millions) GDP growth (annual %) GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) Number of bikes in Beijing Number of private cars in Beijing Literacy rate (age 15 and above) The share of Staterun Businesses (SOEs) in GDP There were only a handful of U.S. News correspondents in in the late 1970s. Today, there are more than 150! -Ambassador Jon Huntsman 67 years in years 176,634.8 in ,318,449.3 in % in % in in in in in million in htm n/a 79% (Adult men, 1980) 54.4% (Adult women, 1980) dec04.pdf Approx. 76% in tml Thirty years ago no private cars were on the road in. Now, there are 60 million! -Ambassador Jon Huntsman Sources (unless otherwise noted): World Bank: CIA Fact Book: million cars % in 2007 Approx. 29.7% in pitaltradesoestudy.pdf PRINT AND ONLINE MEDIA IN CHINA S CHANGING TIMES In 1978 published 14,987 books; 20 years later the number was 130,613, a little more than twice that of the United States In 1978 had only 32 television stations and about 70 radio stations. By 1998, there were 3,240 television stations and 673 radio stations competing for the eyes and the ears of the world s largest audience. Robert L. Keatley, The Role of Media in a Market Economy ( In 2002, there were just over 50 million internet users in mainland. As of 2010, that had risen to 457 million users. 8

2 CHINA-U.S.FACT SHEET: A FACTUAL OVERVIEW A Factual Overview CATEGORY CHINA UNITED STATES Geography Land area 9,569,901 sq. km 9,161,923 sq. km Arable land 14.86% 18.01% People Population 1,343,239, ,847,465 Urban population (% of 51% 82% total) Population growth rate 0.481% 0.899% 0-14 years 17.4% 20% years 73.5% 66.5% 65 years and over 9.1% 13.5% Life expectancy at birth years years Infant Mortality Rate deaths 5.98 deaths (per 1,000 live births) Literacy rate (age % 99% and above) Economy and Trade GDP (purchasing power $11.44 trillion trillion parity) GDP real growth rate 9.2% 1.7% GDP per capita (PPP) $8,500 $49,000 GDP composition by Agriculture: 10.1%; industry: Agriculture: 1.2%; industry: 19.2%; services: 79.6% sector 46.8% services: 43.1% Labor force million million (including unemployed) Labor force by occupation Agriculture: 39.5%; industry: 46.8%; services 42.6% Farming, forestry, and fishing: 0.7% manufacturing, extraction, transportation, and crafts: 20.3% managerial, professional, and technical: 37.3% sales and office: 24.2% other services: 17.6% Unemployment rate 6.5% 9% Population below poverty line 13.4% 15.1% Note: In 2011, set a new poverty line at RMB 2300 (approximately US $363; this new standard is significantly higher than the line set in 2009, and as a result, 128 million Chinese are now considered below the poverty line).the current U.S. poverty line for a single individual in 2011 is $11,484 (U.S. Census Bureau). Agricultural products World leader in gross value of agricultural output: Rice, wheat, potatoes, corn, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, apples, cotton, oilseed; pork; fish Wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish; forest products 9

3 CHINA-U.S.FACT SHEET: A FACTUAL OVERVIEW CATEGORY CHINA UNITED STATES Natural resources Industrial production growth rate Industries Coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium, hydropower potential (world s largest) Coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber 13.9% 4.1% World leader in gross value of industrial output: Mining and ore processing; heavy machinery manufacturing; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizers; consumer products; food processing; transportation equipment; telecommunications equipment* Highly diversified and technologically advanced; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining *Key materials for include iron, steel, aluminum, and coal. Consumer products include footwear, toys, and electronics. The transportation sector produces automobiles, rail cars and locomotives, ships, and aircraft, as well as commercial space launch vehicles. Exports Exports partners Imports Imports partners $1.904 trillion: electrical and other machinery, including data processing equipment, apparel, textiles, iron and steel, optical and medical equipment US 20.03%, Hong Kong 12.03%, Japan 8.32%, South Korea 4.55%, Germany 4.27% $1.743 trillion: electrical and other machinery, oil and mineral fuels, optical and medical equipment, metal ores, plastics, organic chemicals Japan 11.2%, South Korea 9.3%, US 6.8%, Taiwan 6.84%, Germany 5.54% $1.497 trillion: agricultural products (soybeans, fruit, corn) 9.2%, industrial supplies (organic chemicals) 26.8%, capital goods (transistors, aircraft, motor vehicle parts, computers, telecommunications equipment) 49.0%, consumer goods 15.0% Canada 19%, Mexico 13.3%, 7%, Japan 4.5%, $2.236 trillion: agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9% (crude oil 8.2%), capital goods 30.4% (computers, telecommunications equipment, motor vehicle parts), consumer goods 31.8% 18.4%, Canada 14.2%, Mexico 11.7%, Japan 5.8%, Germany 4.4% Reserves of foreign exchange and gold Public debt as percentage of GDP $3.236 trillion $148 billion 43.5% 67.7% 10

4 CHINA-U.S.FACT SHEET: A FACTUAL OVERVIEW CATEGORY CHINA UNITED STATES Stock of direct foreign investment at home $781.8 billion $2.571 trillion Energy Oil production million bbl/day million bbl/day Oil consumption 9.79 million bbl/day million bbl/day Oil exports 421,300 bbl/day million bbl/day Oil imports million bbl/day million bbl/day Oil proved reserves billion bbl billion bbl Communications Mobile Phones million 279 million Internet Users 389 million 245 million Transportation Airports ,079 Roadways 3,860,800 km 6,506,204 km Sources: CIA World Factbook Number of people flying back and forth between the US and Travel and Exchange Between and the United States Statistics Then Now About 10,000 people PER YEAR in 1979 ( Number of Chinese studying in the US Number of Americans studying in Number of Chinese working in the US Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the US US Foreign Direct Investment in 10,000 at undergraduate level in ,500 in 1980 ( Focus/display.cfm?id=876#1) Thirty years ago, there were 1,200 foreigners living in Beijing. Today, we have 1,200 actually more than that Americans affiliated with the U.S. Embassy alone. -Ambassador Jon Huntsman About 10,000 people PER DAY in 2012 ( over 158,000 Chinese students in 2012 ( Over 24,000 American students in 2012 ( 1,808,066 in 2010 ( cfm?id=876#1) $60.5bn in $1.bn in

5 CHINA-U.S.FACT SHEET: ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES & AGREEMENTS Chief Environmental Concerns International Environmental Agreements CHINA Air pollution (greenhouse gases, sulfur dioxide particulates) from reliance on coal produces acid rain; water shortages, particularly in the north; water pollution from untreated wastes; deforestation; estimated loss of one-fifth of agricultural land since 1949 to soil erosion and economic development; desertification; trade in endangered species Party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling UNITED STATES Air pollution resulting in acid rain in both the U.S. and Canada; the U.S. is the largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers; limited natural fresh water resources in much of the western part of the country require careful management; desertification Party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling *Note: The United States has signed, but not ratified the following agreements: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes. This distinction not applicable to. ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS CHINA UNITED STATES Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (cubic meters) Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) Improved water source (% of population with access) 77 (2004 data) 100 Improved water source, rural (% of rural population with access) Improved water source, urban (% of urban population with access) Improved sanitation facilities (% of population with access) 44 (2004 data) 100 Improved sanitation facilities, rural (% of rural population with access) Improved sanitation facilities, urban (% of urban population with access) Sources: CIA World Factbook 12

6 CHINA-U.S. FACT SHEET: THE ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP This map illustrates the value of exports to from each American state. A Comparison of the U.S. and by Population Arable Land in the U.S. and (In sq. km as % of total land area) USA Fast Facts: Chinese-American Trade Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis that adjusts for price differences, in 2012 stood as the second-largest economy in the world after the U.S., having surpassed Japan in 20o1. A Comparison of the GDP (Purchasing Power Parity in Trillions of Dollars) of the U.S. and USA USA The dollar values of s agricultural and industrial output each exceed those of the U.S.; is second to the U.S. in the value of services it produces. Still, per capita income is below the world average. is the foremost source of America s imported goods, but is only the third largest market of goods produced in the U.S. In terms of the total volume (imports and exports) of trade, is 2nd in the ranking of America s economic partners, accounting for 13.5% of total trade. CIA World Factbook and 13

7 CHINA-U.S. FACT SHEET: GOVERNMENT PARTNERSHIPS American Committee/ Organization U.S. Navy USAID A SUMMARY OF SOME RECENT PARTNERSHIPS AT THE GOVERNMENT LEVEL Chinese Purpose of Partnership Date Source Committee/ Established Organization Chinese People s Liberation Army (Navy) Earthquake Administration U.S.- Ten Year Framework (TYF) for Energy and Environment Cooperation U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Marine Environmental Foecasting Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA) The focus was on bilateral interoperability in detecting, boarding and searching suspected vessels as well as the ability of both Chinese and American naval assets to respond to pirated vessels, particularly off the coast of Somalia. Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) training aimed at improving USAR capacity of Indonesia and other Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states. The TYF facilitates the exchange of information and best practices to foster innovation and develop solutions to the environment and energy challenges both countries face. Agencies in each country implement TYF, which include action plans on the protection of air, water, wetlands, nature reserves, transportation, electricity, and energy efficiency. There are 15 public-private EcoPartnerships between U.S. and Chinese organizations. The development of South Sea Real- Time Tsunami Forecasting Capabilities. Sept. 17, 2012 May-June, 2012 June mil/submit/display.asp?story_id= gov/r/pa/prs/ps/20 12/07/ htm gov/r/pa/prs/ps/20 12/04/ htm gov/r/pa/prs/ps/20 12/07/ htm American Chinese Purpose of Partnership Date Source 14

8 CHINA-U.S. FACT SHEET: GOVERNMENT PARTNERSHIPS American Committee/ Organization U.S. Delegation headed by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission FDA Supported by the United States (and Australia) Committee/ Organization Chinese delegation attended the event hosted in the U.S., headed by the State Electricity Regulatory Commission of (SERC) Proposed by In 1979, the U.S. Embassy issued 4,700 nonimmigrant visas for Chinese citizens to visit the United States, of whom 770 were students. Last year, our Embassy and consulates throughout the country issued nearly half a million non-immigrant visas to Chinese citizens and 77,000 were students. -Ambassador Jon Huntsman The Asia Pacific Energy Regulator Forum is voluntary in nature and will provide an on-going opportunity to facilitate the sharing of information on regulatory and policy practice and experience in the Asia Pacific region, with a view to informing the development and application of appropriate best practice regulatory and market arrangements. Regulation of food production in to accord with American health and safety regulations. The Asia-Pacific Network for Sustainable Forest Management aims to promote and improve sustainable forest management and rehabilitation in the Asia-Pacific region through capacity building, information-sharing, regional policy dialogues and pilot projects. Date Established August, with the opening of the first FDA office abroad in Beijing September, ov/aperforum/index.asp usatoday.com/ne ws/washington/ chinafda_n.htm ov.au/forestry/inte rnational/fora/asia - pacific_network_f or_sustainable_for est_management _apfnet 15