Senate Interim Committee on Veterans and Emergency Preparedness

Transcription

1 Senate Interim Committee on Veterans and Emergency Preparedness Small-Scale Hydroelectric Power Andy Ginsburg, Assistant Director Energy Planning and Innovation Oregon Department of Energy September 22, 2016

2 Presentation Overview What is small hydro and what are the benefits? Example projects Where is the small hydro resource in our state? Costs and pros/cons of hydro for emergency preparedness How would hydro be implemented to enhance emergency preparedness? 2

3 Small Hydro: How small is small? Large Hydro Small Hydro Bonneville Dam Capacity: 1,218 MW Dam Height: 197 ft. EBD Canal Hydro Capacity: 2.99 MW Dam Height: ~4 ft. Grand Coulee Dam Capacity: 7,079 MW Dam Height: 550 ft. Falls Creek Hydro Capacity: 4.9 MW Dam Height: 5 ft. 3

4 Benefits of Small Hydropower Implemented where water is already diverted Utilizes existing infrastructure Takes advantage of other investments cost effective 4

5 Examples of Small Hydro Installations Agricultural Irrigation Farmers Irrigation District Municipal Water Systems Portland Water Bureau Image Courtesy of Lucid Energy 5

6 Examples of Small Hydro Installations Water Diversion for Fish Passage Northern Wasco County PUD 6

7 Micro Hydro Battery Charging Systems System Schematic Pipeline Generator Small battery charging systems typically include a pipeline run parallel to a stream with a screened intake at the high point and a generator at the low point. Size range: 300 to 3000 watts Suitable for small loads such as communications and battery charging Regulatory protections exist on many Oregon streams 7

8 Small Hydro Across Oregon 8

9 Small Hydro Cost Considerations Example Projects Project Description Project Costs and Incentives Farmers Irrigation District Hood River 2015 Three Sisters Irrigation District Sisters 2014 Portland Water Bureau 2015 Replaced two older turbines with a single, higher-efficiency turbine and generator, repowering 3-MW turbine Piped 50 of its 63 miles of open canals 700-kW turbine Four turbines installed in a conduit Gravity-fed 200-kW total output $4.96 million project cost Energy Trust of Oregon $900,000 incentive $2.3 million project cost for hydroelectric plant Energy Trust of Oregon $1M incentive Added benefit: farmers receive pressurized water so they do not need to operate pumps $1.7 million project cost no cost to the city; technology vendor arranged power purchase with Portland General Electric ODOE offers up to $250,000 in incentives through the Renewable Energy Development Grant program for small hydro projects. 9

10 Pros and Cons of Small Hydro for Emergency Preparedness Advantages Constraints No need for external fuel supply such as diesel fuel (liquid fuel supply disruptions are likely) Variability in energy generation potential over the course of a day, or seasonally Assuming water is available, hydro is a less variable renewable energy resource than other resources such as solar PV Small hydro in municipal water supply systems is a generation resource typically located close to loads Development of new sites requires very careful attention to environmental regulations even minimal changes in stream flow Irrigation projects may have severely limited water rights in the winter 10

11 Cascadia Earthquake: Electric Grid Impacts Source: Oregon Resilience Plan (2013). 11

12 Energy Resilience: Small Hydro Design Considerations Extremely site-specific Seasonal and year-to-year water flows vary Specific site must have sufficient head Power generation from a hydro system is a direct function of flow and head power output needs to be sufficient to meet critical loads System must be capable of operating independently of grid Water flow = the quantity of water falling Head = vertical distance water falls on its way to the turbine 12

13 Hydro in Microgrids: Design Considerations Diagram shows a fuel cell-powered microgrid same concept as hydro 13

14 ODOE and US DOE Energy Storage Demonstration Pilot Eugene Water & Electric Board to install three microgrids with a total of 500 kw / 903 kwh battery storage across the three sites Utility Operations Center - Water Pumping Station - Critical Communications Facility Support from US DOE Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability Dr. Imre Gyuk, Energy Storage Program Manager 14

15 Energy Preparedness: How Resilient is Small Hydro? Risk Vulnerability of pipes and dams after a major earthquake Electrical distribution system must maintain operation if small hydro system is any distance from the loads Mitigation Evaluate existing pipes and dams for seismic stability; include criteria for new projects Evaluate distribution system for seismic stability, potential pole replacements, etc.; preference for underground electric service to serve critical loads 15

16 Summary Small hydro shows strong potential for developing environmentally sound, distributed renewable energy resources Benefits to farmers and water and electricity consumers through electricity production and efficient water use Benefits to the community through enhanced emergency preparedness Oregon is leading in developing microgrids for emergency preparedness and other customer benefits 16