Environmental Science Final Review Guide Ecology. What is a food web? In which direction do arrows point on a food web?

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1 Ecology What is a food web? In which direction do arrows point on a food web? On the food web below label the circled organisms with 3 appropriate terms from the list below: Primary consumer Secondary consumer Tertiary consumer Producer Decomposer Autotroph Heterotroph Carnivore Omnivore Herbivore There is one element missing from this food web. HINT: this type of organism returns nutrients to the environment. Add this organism and appropriate labels to the food web above and connect it with arrows. What is the difference between an abiotic and a biotic factor in an ecosystem?

2 List at least five biotic and five abiotic factors here: Biotic Abiotic What type of information does this pyramid show? What do you notice about the values at each level? How much energy is transferred from one level to the next? What is a symbiotic relationship? Match the type of symbiotic relationship with the correct definition and the correct example. Type of Symbiosis Definition Symbols Example Parasitism Process by which one organism hunts and kills another organism for food. + / - Cattle egrets are birds that live near cattle because the cattle scare up insects while they graze and the birds eat the insects. The cattle are unaffected. Commensalism Ecological relationship between two species in which each species gets a benefit from the interaction. + / 0 Bees fly from flower to flower gathering nectar for food. When they land in a flower, the bees get pollen on their bodies which they carry to then next plant, pollinating that plant. Mutualism Ecological relationship in which one organism benefits by harming another organism + / + A tapeworm in the intestines of a dog feeding on partly digested food and depriving the dog of nutrients. Predation Ecological relationship in which one species receives a benefit but the other species is not affected one way or another + / - A mountain lion stalks and kills a deer.

3 Pictured here is the carbon cycle. Fill in the blanks with the processes that drive this cycle. This cycle is driven by bacteria that break down organisms and release this nutrient to be taken up and used by plants. Which cycle is this?

4 This cycle includes rocks and sediments. This element is not found in the atmosphere. What cycle is pictured here? This is the water cycle. What is another name for the water cycle? Fill in the blanks with the processes that drive the water cycle. Precipitation Evaporation Condensation (x2) Transpiration Populations Define the following in your own words Carrying capacity- Emigration- Immigration- Demography- Consumption crisis-

5 What is extinction? Where are the greatest number of extinctions occurring? Why? Waste What does it mean if something is biodegradable? What types of materials are biodegradable? What is composting? What makes a landfill sanitary? How do some landfills generate energy? What is hazardous waste? What is leachate? Energy What is the difference between renewable and nonrenewable energy sources? Place each energy source in the T-chart as renewable or nonrenewable Solar Wind Tidal Natural gas Hydroelectric Oil Coal Nuclear Biomass Geothermal Renewable Nonrenewable What is the difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion?

6 Land and Water Fill in the blanks: is the movement of people form rural areas to cities. When cities grow, they must invest in building or the roads, sewers and fire stations to support the population. Overpopulated cities with inadequate public services are considered to be in an. When trees are harvested, cutters typically only harvest middle-aged or mature trees which is a method called. If these natural resources are not managed rangeland may be converted to unproductive wasteland in a process called. Animals that consume rangeland grasses are sometimes poorly managed and my graze on the same plot of land for too long. This is called and leads to damage that exceeds the survival capacity of these rangeland grasses. includes things like digging a number of small watering holes instead of one large reservoir to increase the quality of the productive land. are naturally occurring solid substances consisting of a single element or compound. Land where these substances are taken from may be destroyed. is the process by which mined lands are returned to their original condition. is an approach which maximizes the benefits from public lands. Word Bank: urbanization infrastructure reclamation desertification urban crisis range improvement selective cutting overgrazing multiple-use management mineral What is salinization? Environmental Policy What government agency is responsible for the following? Endangered Species Act, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Species Conservation Act, Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act, National Environmental Policy Act, Clean Water Act Explain the following: Montreal Protocol, MARPOL, Law of the Sea, Kyoto Protocol, Earth Summit What was the environmental contribution of the following people? John Muir, Theodore Roosevelt, Rachel Carson, Marion Stoddardt, Paul Ehrlich Look over the movie notes The Day after Tomorrow.