SIM 2. Simulation Diagnostics Hacking Simulation CIBSE simulation Group. Annie Marston Ph.D., BEMP, LEED AP 20th March 2018

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1 Simulation Diagnostics Hacking Simulation CIBSE simulation Group Annie Marston Ph.D., BEMP, LEED AP 20th March 2018 Don t Compromise -- Simulate

2 Ph.D. in Renewable Energy and Architecture Worked on mostly American and German buildings Simulation Specialist Over 10 years of experience My work Includes: Over 75 LEED projects (8 Platinum) 2 net zero buildings Research projects for American government 10 IEMPs CFD studies, thermal comfort studies, daylighting studies, optimization studies. About Me

3 Energy modelling for LEED Complex HVAC and controls IEMP and community co-ops Teaching and online courses Automatic Energy Model Post Occupancy Controls Integrated Energy Master Plans OD for Energy Models About Sim 2

4 PROBLEM 1: Inputting data into a simulation engine GUI takes lots of time, is complicated and prone to errors PROBLEM 2: Input errors and misunderstanding outputs leads to poor results, lack of confidence in modelling and, at worse, incorrect analysis and advice to the client

5 The first principle is you must not fool yourself and you are the easiest person to fool Richard Feynman*

6 Geometry Envelope Constructions Internal gains and schedules Fresh Air Load Calculations Analysis and QA HVAC and Controls Energy Calculations Modelling Input Sheet Analysis and QA

7 Data Input - Geometry

8 Data Input Envelope Constructions

9 Data Input - Ideal Loads SIM2

10 All zone names and zone types to be entered in this sheet Information edited over formulas Automatically generated Simulation Code Data Input - Ideal Loads

11 Translating a mechanical drawing to energy component drawings Data Input HVAC and Controls

12 Translating a mechanical drawings to energy component drawings Data Input HVAC and Controls

13 Translating mechanical information to simple table to record inputs and generate mechanical system for simulation. Data Input Automation Process

14 Translating mechanical information to simple table to record inputs and generate mechanical system for simulation. Data Input HVAC and Controls

15 Problem 1: Inputting data into a simulation engine GUI takes lots of time, is complicated and prone to errors Solution 1: Excel GUI, utilize the power of excel and its formulas to record all inputs, do the necessary calculations, automatically generate simulation code and provide neat information for the client report. Use excel to QA your inputs

16 If you can t draw it, you can t build it

17 Operation Diagnostics - Commissioning

18 Chiller Operation Annually 2,500,000 Cooling Demand [W] 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000, , Outdoor Air Temperature [ C] 30 Flow through the Economizer Annually Flow rate kg/s Simulation Diagnostics SIM2

19 Output Data Scripting Process

20 Output Data Scripting Process

21 Fan calculations from the modelling input master file Operating hours during occupied and unoccupied times and peak fan power, all automatically generated from the output file Output Data Night Cycle Analysis Project Example

22 Automatically generated from outputs, showing that the fans are cycling on and off at night to maintain temperature Automatically generated showing how the fan is operating during occupied hours and that the zone is reaching temperature during those times Output Data Night Cycle Analysis Project Example

23 How this works Output data from Software SIM2

24 Calculations Generating the correct data output names How this works Scripting what data needs to be called

25 How the works Data analysis and quality control

26 Energy Component Diagram AHU Analysis VAV reheat example

27 Temperature in Deg C Reheat Coil Zone 21 C Cooling Coil Heating Coil 12.2 C 12.2 C Reheat Coil Zone 21 C Max 33 C 5 6 OA Max 33 C 5 6 RA 21 C System to Zone Temperature : AHU-1 Summer Operation - 11 Jul - 5pm AHU-1 Outdoor Air 1-1-CLS AUD Setpoint Zone Temperature Air is simultaneously heated and cooled for zone 1-1-AUD001 0 Return Air Heat recovery Out Fan Outlet Clg Coil Outlet Htg Coil Outlet Primary Air Htg Coil Outlet Zone Temp Air Handling Unit Zone Terminal Zone AHU Analysis Simultaneous Heating and Cooling

28 Mass Flow Rate Temperature 23 C 21 C 19 C Return Fan Zones 17 C 15 C OA Mixer 13 C 11 C 9 C OA Cooling Coil Reheat Coils 7 C 4.5 kg/s 4.0 kg/s OA Mixer Fan Cooling Coil 3.5 kg/s 3.0 kg/s Return 2.5 kg/s 2.0 kg/s Zones 1.5 kg/s OA 1.0 kg/s 0.5 kg/s Reheat Coils 0.0 kg/s AHU Analysis Heat Exchanger and Cooling Coil

29 AHU Analysis Heat Exchanger and Cooling Coil

30 AHU and Controls Analysis Tool

31 Air Mixer Heating Coil Desiccant wheel Cooling Coil Desiccant wheel Heating Coil Supply to Warehouse 8.5 m 3 /s kg/kg (40% RH) 8.5 m 3 /s kg/kg 8.5 m 3 /s kg/kg 8.5 m 3 /s kg/kg 8.5 m 3 /s kg/kg 8.5 m 3 /s kg/kg 8.5 m 3 /s kg/kg Outdoor Air 0.28 m 3 /s Return Air 8.2 m 3 /s kg/kg Desiccant wheel HC out = 21.1 C Desiccant Wheel Out = 16.7 C August 25 th 2pm 4.4 AHU Analysis Case study

32 Unclear controls can easily lead to simultaneous heating and cooling. Heat exchangers can be added to systems thinking they will save energy but in fact cause the system to use more energy. Lack of analysis, misunderstanding how a systems actually works and business as usual leads to poor performance of building systems. Energy modellers can model and give extremely valuable feedback on controls for the building saving thousands of pounds of operational energy costs. AHU and Controls Modelling and Analysis

33 PROBLEM 2: Input errors and misunderstanding outputs leads to poor results, lack of confidence in modelling and, at worse, incorrect analysis and advice to the client SOLUTION 2: Simulation diagnostics!

34 2 SIM