Chapter 24 Solid and Hazardous Waste

Transcription

1 Chapter 24 Slid and Hazardus Waste

2 Overview f Chapter 24 Slid Waste Types f Slid Waste Waste Preventin Reducing the Amunt f Waste Reusing Prducts Recycling Materials Hazardus Waste Types f Hazardus Waste Management f Hazardus Waste Envirnmental Justice

3 Slid Waste US generates mre slid waste per capita than any ther cuntry 2.1kg per persn per day Types f Slid Waste Municipal slid waste Slid material discarded by hmes, ffice buildings, retail stres, schls, hspitals, prisns, etc Relatively small prtin f slid waste prduced Nn-municipal slid waste Slid waste generated by industry, agriculture, and mining

4 Cmpsitin f Municipal Slid Waste

5 Dispsal f Slid Waste Three methds Sanitary Landfills Incineratin Recycling

6 Sanitary Landfill Cmpacting and burying waste under a shallw layer f sil Mst cmmn methd f dispsal

7 Sanitary Landfill Prblems Methane gas prductin by micrrganisms Cntaminatin f surface water & grund water by leachate Nt a lng-term remedy Few new facilities being pened Clsing a full landfill is very expensive

8 Sanitary Landfill Special Prblem f Plastic Much f plastic is frm packaging Chemically stable and d nt readily break dwn and decmpse Special Prblem f Tires Cannt be melted and reused fr tires Made frm materials that cannt be recycled Can be incinerated r shredded

9 Incineratin Vlume f slid waste reduced by 90% Prduces heat that can make steam t generate electricity Prduce less carbn emissins than fssil fuel pwer plants (right)

10 Types f Incineratrs Mass burn (belw) Mdular Refuse-derived Incineratin

11 Incineratr Prblems Assciated with Incineratin Yields air pllutin Prduce large amunts f ash Site selectin ften cntrversial

12 Cmpsting Includes: Fd scraps Sewage sludge Agricultural manure Yard waste Reduces yard waste in landfills Can be sld r distributed t cmmunity

13 Waste Preventin Three Gals (1) Reduce the amunt f waste (2) Reuse prducts (3) Recycle materials

14 Reducing Waste Purchase prducts with less packaging

15 Reducing Waste Surce reductin Prducts are designed and manufactured in ways that decrease the vlume f slid waste in the waste stream Pllutin Preventin Act (1990) Dematerializatin Prgressive decrease in the size and weight f a prduct as a result f technlgical imprvements

16 Reusing Prducts Refilling glass beverage bttles Heavier glass that csts mre Japan recycles almst all bttles Reused 20 times

17 Recycling Materials Every tn f recycled paper saves: 17 trees 7000 gallns f water 4100 kwatt-hrs f energy 3 cubic yards f landfill space Recycle Glass bttles, newspapers, steel cans, plastic bttles, cardbard, ffice paper

18 Recycling Recycling Paper US recycles 50% Many develped cuntries are higher Recycling Glass US recycles 25% Csts less than new glass Can be used t make glassphalt (right)

19 Recycling Recycling Aluminum Making new can frm recycled ne csts far less than making a brand new ne

20 Recycling Recycling Metals ther than Aluminum Lead, gld, irn, steel, silver and zinc Metallic cmpsitin is ften unknwn Makes recycling difficult Recycling Plastic Less than 20% is recycled Less expensive t make frm raw materials

21 Recycling Recycling Tires Few prducts are made frm ld tires Playgrund equipment Trashcans Garden hse Carpet Rfing materials 36% f tires are currently recycled t make ther prducts

22 Integrated Waste Management

23 Hazardus Waste Any discarded chemical that threatens human health r the envirnment Reactive, crrsive, explsive r txic chemicals Types f Hazardus Waste Dixins PCBs Radiactive waste

24 Case-In-Pint Hanfrd Nuclear Reservatin

25 Management f Hazardus Waste Chemical accidents Natinal Respnse Center ntified Typically invlves il, gasline r ther petrleum spill Current Management Plicies Resurce Cnservatin and Recvery Act (1976, 1984) Cmprehensive Envirnmental Respnse, Cmpensatin, and Liability Act (1980)

26 Management f Hazardus Waste Cleaning up existing hazardus waste: superfund prgram 400,000 waste sites Leaking chemical strage tanks and drums (right) Pesticides dumps Piles f mining wastes Must be cleaned up

27 Management f Hazardus Waste Superfund Natinal Pririties List 2006: 1558 sites n the list States with the greatest number f sites New Jersey (115) Califrnia (93) Pennsylvania (93) New Yrk (86) Michigan (65)

28 Management f Hazardus Waste Bilgical Treatment f Hazardus Chemicals Biremediatin Phytremediatin Management the Waste we are Prducing Nw (1) surce reductin (2) cnversin t less hazardus materials (3) lng-term strage

29 Management f Hazardus Waste Hazardus Waste Landfill

30 Envirnmental Justice Envirnmental Justice and Ethical Issues Right f every citizen, regardless f age, race, gender, scial class, t adequate prtectin frm envirnmental hazards Fundamental human right Grassrts campaign Mandating envirnmental Justice- Federal Level

31 Envirnmental Justice Internatinal Waste Management Develped cuntries smetimes send their waste t develping cuntries Less expensive than fllwing laws within the cuntry Cntrversial aspect f waste management Basel Cnventin (1989) Restricts internatinal transprt f hazardus waste