The Joint CEOS/CGMS Working Group Climate Architecture for Climate Monitoring from Space

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1 The Joint CEOS/CGMS Working Group Climate Architecture for Climate Monitoring from Space Jörg Schulz, EUMETSAT Chair Joint CEOS/CGMS Working Group on Climate

2 Short History of Joint WGClimate 2010 CEOS Working Group on Climate endorsed at CEOS Plenary in 2010; The joint development of the high-level architecture for climate monitoring from space led to the formation of the Joint CEOS/CGMS WGClimate first endorsed by CEOS in 2010 and the joined by CGMS in 2013: Major Task is: Coordinate and encourage collaborative activities between the world s major space agencies in the area of climate monitoring. JWGClimate Chair: Jörg Schulz (EUMETSAT) until 2020 Vice Chair: John Dwyer (USGS) until 2019

3 Major objectives of WGClimate Provision of a structured, comprehensive and accessible view as to what Climate Data Records are currently available from satellite missions of CEOS and CGMS members or their combination; Creation of the conditions for delivering further Climate Data Records, including multi-mission Climate Data Records, through best use of available data to fulfil GCOS requirements (e.g. by identifying and targetting cross-calibration or reprocessing gaps/shortfalls ); Optimisation of the planning of future satellite missions and constellations to expand existing and planned Climate Data Records, both in terms of coverage and record length, and to address possible gaps with respect to GCOS requirements.

4 Addition to the Mandate 2018 Considering the specific importance of greenhouse gas monitoring as stated in the Conference of the Parties (COP) 21 Paris Agreement, it will: Coordinate activities of CEOS and CGMS defining and implementing an integrated global carbon observing system including a targeted observing system for monitoring the column concentrations of CO 2, CH 4 and other greenhouse gases from space as well as insuring that these activities are integrated into a broader approach on greenhouse gas monitoring, i.e., WMO IG 3 IS, GCOS, and GEO-C; Oversee the implementation of the CEOS Carbon strategy.

5 2011 The Vision of GFSC: Enable better management of adaptation to climate change through the development and incorporation of sciencebased climate information and prediction into planning, policy and practice Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS)

6 Strong links to Science WGClimate partners with the WCRP Data Advisory Committee (WDAC); WGClimate reviewed new WCRP strategic requirements and will also contribute to implementation arrangements; WDAC core activities, e.g., subgroups on global reanalysis and Obs4MIPS represent major applications for the CDRs provided through the architecture; WGClimate Chair has regular consultation with WCRP core projects, e.g., GEWEX, through participation in Steering Group meetings.

7 2013 The Architecture for Climate Monitoring from Space

8 Architecture understanding Logical part is generic and applies to all ECVs. It describes functions to be implemented and allows identification of responsibilities for the implementation of functions; It is bound to the requirements and should only change when requirements change (requirements process is outside the architecture); Physical architecture describes current and future implementation arrangements per ECV and logical function; As implementation arrangements are a function of time the physical architecture needs to be updated regularly; With this it supports planning towards satisfying needs of GCOS (UNFCCC).

9 Requirements and Architecture The requirements process is outside of the architecture (Dowell et al, 2013); There should be a coordinated coherent gathering of requirements ideally through GCOS; A consequence would be that WMO RRR Climate = GCOS Req; Use of requirements by WIGOS requires them to be forward looking, e.g., for the vision 2040, but we also need requirements for current applications; Next to be added are needs/requirements for adaptation to climate change; GCOS needs to cover requirements for all or at least a large set of applications associated with climate, i.e., science, decision (e.g., in the area of infrastructure) and policy making; This is currently not the case and it is uncertain if GCOS is capable without more support.

10 Enhancing use of climate data records and verifying the logical architecture Courtesy of Bojinski et al.;

11 UNFCCC/GCOS CEOS/CGMS Relations 2015 Reports on SBSTA/COP COP-21 Paris Agreement: Adaptation (Article 7(c)): Strengthening scientific knowledge on climate, including research, systematic observation of the climate system and early warning systems, in a manner that informs climate services and supports decision-making. Needs and Requirements Coordinated Response

12 Statement on the Paris Agreement CEOS WGClimate to explore development of a brief, consolidated statement of space agency contributions in support of each Article of the Paris Agreement. 32 nd CEOS Plenary

13 Space Agency contribution to the Paris Agreement CEOS WGClimate to explore development of a brief, consolidated statement of space agency contributions in support of each Article of the Paris Agreement. 32 nd CEOS Plenary Consulted GCOS and GEO that performed similar analysis in their areas; Applied categorisation of Paris Agreement articles as depicted by GCOS (see next slide); Document provides an assessment in support of individual articles of the Agreement; Addressed in particular CEOS cross cutting Working Groups contributions; Plan to publish the short note of 9 pages on CEOS and climatemonitoring.info web sites.

14 GCOS Implementation Plan & The Comprehensive Answer 2016 Answer contains status and plans for all actions in GCOS IP relevant for space agencies. Allows reporting of progress on GCOS needs to UNFCCC. 2017

15 15 Partnerships - GCOS Engage in another Space Week with all GCOS panels and the WCRP Data Advisory Council on March 2019 in Marrakech, Morocco; Selected aims important for WGClimate: Consider together IPCC outcomes and emerging needs as well as WCRP strategic priorities; Agree consistent approaches to panel activities including review of ECV Requirements, monitoring how well ECV are being observed and reviewing IP actions; Planning of updated GCOS Status Report and revised Implementation Plan as well as a joint Science Conference; Back to back meeting with WCRP DAC to further foster use of Climate Data Records in Reanalysis and Climate Model Evaluation;

16 ECV Inventory - Resource for Coordinated Response Gap Analysis & Recommendations Action Plan & Creation of conditions to deliver CDRs 2018 ECV Inventory ECV Inventory fully describes current and planned implementation arrangements (ECV-by-ECV) within the Architecture; Verified information about almost 1000 data records including direct access in many cases; Updated continuously with versions of Inventory (next ongoing since Nov 2018), gap analysis, action plan created annually with approval from CEOS and CGMS; Recommendations and Coordinated Actions inform space agency planning, improve availability and interoperability of climate data; Feeds material for all future responses to the GCOS IP.

17 Access to the ECV Inventory 2018 Public access to Inventory via Users can: Download the ECV Inventory content for own analysis; Find direct access points to all CDRs in the Inventory; Get access to WGClimate gap analysis results and planned actions; Can access case studies analysing the use of CDRs for applications.

18 Access to the ECV Inventory

19 Foreseen Implementation of Architecture in 2013 Steps outlined in Dowell et al., 2013 are all implemented; Physical view is renewed every year; Coordinated Action Plan is implemented by CEOS, CGMS and WMO.

20 WGClimate Coordinated Actions 28 Actions have been endorsed by CEOS and CGMS Plenary; Actions are directed to CEOS and CGMS WGs, CEOS VCs, GCOS Panels and Secretariat, WMO Space Programme; Actions cover a variety of activities from better definitions for CDRs, standards, e.g., on meta data, exploration of historical data for ECVs, examination of sufficiency of current instrumentation for CDRs, development of new sensors, inventory improvements, etc. Implementation of most actions is mid-to long term.

21 Action Examples WGClimate Coordinated Actions Actionee Action # Description Action feedback/closing document Deadline Status Comments CEOS and CGMS Agencies with interests in and/or mandates for developing CO 2 climate data WGClimate 11 records to strive for ensuring consistent, well-calibrated, bias-free time-series that can be Will be executed with establishing the continued into the future. They will coordinate their efforts in consultation with the AC-VC, roadmap for GHG monitoring WGClimate and WGCV to ensure appropriate use of data from multiple sensors. Agencies SIT 34 OPEN GHG monitoring shall register resulting plans for new CO 2 CDRs with the ECV Inventory. WGClimate 12 WGClimate 13 WGClimate 14 WGClimate and GCOS Secretariat to monitor the status of the GCOS Action T71 and to report back to CEOS and CGMS. The AC-VC, in collaboration with WGClimate, to develop a plan to address the measurement gap for stratospheric CH 4 profiles in order to provide FCDR/CDR in the future. This plan shall be subject to endorsement by WGClimate. CEOS and CGMS Agencies with interests in and/or mandates for developing CH 4 climate data records to strive for ensuring consistent, well-calibrated, bias-free time-series continued into the future. They will coordinate their efforts in consultation with the AC-VC, WGClimate and WGCV to ensure appropriate use of data from multiple sensors. Agencies shall register resulting plans for new CH 4 CDRs with the ECV Inventory. Do at next adequacy report with Inventory output. Will be executed with establishing the roadmap for GHG monitoring Will be executed with establishing the roadmap for GHG monitoring 2021 OPEN Inventory output SIT-34 OPEN GHG monitoring SIT-34 OPEN GHG monitoring Actions 11, 13, ad 14 are addressed in building the roadmap for GHG monitoring within the WGClimate which includes the development of new measurements; Action 12 will be done for next GCOS Status Report inclusive normal reporting to CGMS and CEOS Plenaries.

22 Action Examples WGClimate Coordinated Actions Actionee Action # Description Action feedback/closing document Deadline Status Comments WGClimate will forward the issues detected in the MIM and OSCAR databases during Has been done and MIM has acted on WGClimate 3 ECV Inventory Cycle 2 to CEOS and WMO (e.g. individual instrument lifetimes are 30 Jun 2018 CLOSED TBC WGClimate #10 it. No reaction from OSCAR. largely missing from both databases). CEOS MIM report at CEOS 32 nd Plenary 2018: Historical Missions: 24 missions with instruments to be included in the database in next release; WMO OSCAR added 130 mappings (~37% increase) between the CEOS DB and OSCAR; Fixed other errors (~50) detected through ECV Inventory gap analysis. WGClimate VC-P CGMS-IPWG SCOPE-CM 15 WGClimate will initiate a joint discussion with CEOS P-VC, CGMS-IPWG and WMO SCOPE-CM to develop a plan for providing an optimal set of precipitation CDRs. Telecon with VC-P lead and IPWG chairs is needed. SIT-34 OPEN CEOS P-VC at SIT TW 2018: Second Purpose: Sustaining and enhancing an accurate and timely global precipitation data record including a Fundamental Climate Data Record fit for the purpose specified by GCOS for the monitoring of Precipitation as an Essential Climate Variable (ECV) ECV Gap Inventory Gap Analysis Report: P-VC is planning a response to recommendation #14 (Action #15). An update will be provided by SIT-34.

23 WIGOS Vision, CGMS Baseline and CEOS WIGOS vision shall contain measurement needs identified by WGClimate gap analysis; CGMS baseline contains what is possible under the current programmatic constraints and specific national priorities; CEOS has no baseline but cooperates in mission planning, thus response to WGClimate Coordinated Actions could be more direct.

24 Need for WMO OSCAR SPACE WGClimate gap analysis relies on up to date catalogue of space mission/instrument data base which it fully incorporates; Currently use WMO OSCAR and CEOS MIM, both having weaknesses; OSCAR and MIM do not contain information about instrument performance from simple on/off to known issues; OSCAR is not optimised with respect to climate as it subscribes ECV capability to too many instruments; Major work (technical) on OSCAR is expected in the future to remain usable. Three Coordinated Actions on OSCAR were issued.

25 Future Continued development or continued implementation of the architecture? Development would ask for a review of logical (functional) representation and change. Would only make sense if requirements baseline is changing; Implementation is putting coherent activities in place for each pillar of logical architecture; Here things can be improved: Deeper analysis of ECV Inventory content would bring more results, we just scratched the surface Link to WIGOS vision and CGMS baseline can be implemented by referencing the WGClimate gap analysis and action plan and can be described in document for Congress; Application pillar needs more actors (potential for work with GEO); Decision and policy making needs first demonstration, GHG activity may leads to it.

26 Governance JWGC believes enough governance is in place! Architecture implementation is governed by CGMS and CEOS Plenaries, JWGC reports to both; WIGOS is governed by WMO Congress; CGMS baseline is governed by CGMS Plenary; Paris Agreement including reporting is governed by UNFCCC; What else is needed? The success so far is because the Architecture is not tagged to any organisation.

27 SPARES

28 Contributions to GCOS ECVs by Space Atmosphere Ocean Terrestrial Composition Surface Surface Sub Surface Aerosol Properties Surface Air Pressure Sea Surface Temperature Carbon Storage Land Cover Lakes Ozone Surface Air Temperature Sea Level Interior Ocean N2O Fire Above Ground Biomass Carbon Dioxide, Methan & Long Lived GHGs Surface Precipitation Sea Ice Current Soil Moisture Anthropogenic greenhouse gas fluxes Precursors (for Aerosol & O3) Surface Radiation Budget Ocean Colour Nutrients Glacier Permafrost Upper Air Water Vapour (Surface Humidity) Sea State Oxygen Ice Sheets and Ice Shelves Groundwater Cloud Properties Near-surface Wind Speed Stress Salinity Snow River Discharge Temperature Heat Flux Temperature Albedo Soil Carbon Water Vapour Current Transient Tracers Leaf Area Index Land Surface Temperature Wind Speed and Direction Sea Surface Salinity Fraction of FAPAR Earth Radiation Budget Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure Latent and Sensible Heat Flux Lightning Plankton (Phyto- and Zoo-) Marine Habitat Properties N2O Air Sea Flux

29 2: Zero hunger 1: No poverty Climate observations also support: Courtesy of GCOS, 2018 Energy & Temperature Other Physical Properties Carbon Cycle and other GHGs Hydrosphere Snow & Ice Biosphere Human Resource Use

30 Atmosphere Terrestrial Ocean GCOS Essential Climate Variables ECVs Energy & Temperature Other Physical Properties Surface Radiation Budget, Earth Radiation Budget, Surface Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Surface and Upper Air Wind Speed Surface Wind, Upper Air Wind, Pressure, Lightning, Aerosol Properties Albedo, Latent and Sensible Heat fluxes, Land Surface Temperature Ocean Surface Heat Flux, Sea Surface Temperature, Subsurface Temperature Surface Currents, Subsurface Currents, Ocean Surface Stress, Sea State, Transient Tracers grouped by measurement domain and area covered; The groups show how observations across all the measurement domains are needed to capture specific phenomena or issues; Satellite data can contribute to red Carbon Cycle and other GHGs Hydrosphere Snow & Ice Biosphere Human Use of Natural Resources Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Other long-lived GHG, Ozone, Precursors for Aerosol and Ozone Precipitation, Cloud Properties, Water Vapour (Surface), Water Vapour (Upper Air), Surface Temperature Table Courtesy of GCOS, 2018 Soil Carbon, Above-ground Biomass Soil Moisture, River Discharge, Lakes, Groundwater, Glaciers, Ice Sheets and ice shelves, Permafrost, Snow Land Cover, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR), Fire Water Use, Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Fluxes Inorganic Carbon, Nitrous Oxide Sea Surface Salinity, Subsurface Salinity, Sea Level, Sea Surface Temperature Sea Ice Plankton, Oxygen, Nutrients, Ocean Colour, Marine Habitat Properties Marine Habitat Properties