Electrical Energy Systems of the Future

Transcription

1 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Luther European Conference on Nanoelectronics and Embedded Systems for Electric Mobility September 2014, Erlangen, Germany

2 Presentation Themes Drivers for Changing the Systems Current and Future Challenges Solutions and Research Projects Conclusions Page 2 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Luther 25 September 2014

3 Drivers for Changing the Systems Page 3 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Luther 25 September 2014

4 Reserves, Resources and Ranges* of the Energy Sources Reserven Reserves Resourcen Resources Remarks Oil conventional conventional + non-conv Limited reserves which are located mainly in politically sensible regions, higher price Utilization associated with high CO 2 -emissions Reservation practical for transport and chemical industry Natural gas conventional conventional + non-conv High dependence on import, volatile price Usage linked with relatively lower CO 2 -emissions Combustion in less complex processes like in heating units and decentralised small units Hard coal Lignite Relative equal, global distribution and great range High CO 2 -emissions during combustion which appears however controllable with new technologies Uranium Years Less exploration in the past Used significantly in the power generation Economic exploitation of costlier resources with global distribution due to lower influence on production costs Range extension possible (fast breader reactor) * considering unchanging consumption as in 2012 Source: BGR - Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Energiestudie 2013 Page 4 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Luther 25 September 2014

5 Energy Policy Goals in Germany Nuclear Energy CO 2 -Targets (Basis 1990) Renewable Energy Gross End Energy Electricity Generation Primary Energy Reduction of Consumption Building Heating End Energy Traffic Electricity Consumption % % % % 18% 35% -20% -20% -10% -10% % % % 30% 50% % 45% 65% bis 95% 60% 80% -50% -80% -40% -25% Source: Treibhausgas-Emissionsprojektionen bis zum Jahr 2020 für das BMU und UBA (Öko-Institut 2011) Page 5 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Luther 25 September 2014

6 Current and Future Challenges Page 6 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Luther 25 September 2014

7 Principle Structure of the Electrical Power Systems 380 kv 110/220 kv 110 kv 110 kv 220/380 V 20 kv 20 kv 220/380 V Page 7 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Luther 25 September 2014

8 Changes in Transmission Systems Consumer centres Conventional Surplus in generation power plants Deficit Wind energy in generation onshore/offshore Photovoltaic Reinforcement private of transmission system Photovoltaic commercial Reserve power plants Page 8 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Luther 25 September 2014

9 Development of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in Germany Source: 50Hertz, Amprion, TenneT, Transnet BW, Google Earth Page 9 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Luther 25 September 2014

10 Example: Wind and Photovoltaics in Germany (Feb. 2011) MW Wind-Deutschland-Ist (actual) PV-Deutschland-Ist Photovoltaics (actual) MW MW Maximum wind feed-in of more than 20 GW for 32 hours MW Large-scale wind generation in the North coupled with higher PV feed-in in the South MW 0 MW Source: TenneT TSO GmbH Page 10 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Luther 25 September 2014

11 Power in MW Generation and Load in Germany (3 October 2013) Wind PV Total Wind+PV Conventional Load Wind PV Summe Wind+PV Konventionell Last Deutschland 3 October 2013, 2 pm Load: 51 GW Wind and PV: 34 GW % of the load covered by Wind and PV! Time Source: Amprion Page 11 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Luther 25 September 2014

12 Solutions and Research Projects Page 12 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Luther 25 September 2014

13 Research Concept: An Overall Analysis of Components and Systems Biomass Photovoltaics Wind Energy Smart Transmission Systems Offshore Wind Energy Smart Distribution Systems Transmission Technologies Industry Storage E-mobility Households as Prosumer Smart Energy Systems Large-scale Generation Page 13 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Luther 25 September 2014

14 Transmission System Modelling and Analysis Investigation and system simulation in the German-European interconnected transmission systems European stability model AC grid and HVDC-Overlay Control concepts of HVDC systems System security and grid protection Example: HVDC-System Ultranet Source: Amprion Source: Netzentwicklungsplan Strom 2013 der dt. Übertragungsnetzbetreiber Page 14 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Luther 25 September 2014

15 Electrical power [kw] Joint Research Project: Smart Grid Solar PV PV & Storage Load Curve (local) 04:00 08:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Time of day Page 15 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Luther 25 September 2014

16 heat electricity Strom Speicher storage hydrogen or methane (Wasserstoff oder Methan) Energy conversion efficiency (electrical-chemical-electrical) electrolysis η 70% CO 2 hydrogen methanation η 85% CCGT methane η total 42% η* 60% methane CHP η* total 48% η* 80% methane η*: utilization ratio Page 16 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Luther 25 September 2014

17 Conclusions Page 17 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Luther 25 September 2014

18 Page 18 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Luther 25 September 2014

19 Conclusions: Sustainable Electricity Supply of Future Climate change and shortage of resources account for new, reliable and sustainable energy concepts. The changes in electrical energy systems (power plant-grid-storageusage) are in the centre of the transition process. The today s level of reliability of supply has to be preserved. Volatile RES require reserve power and storage. The investigation of the interoperability and overall system concepts is of major importance. The education and training of young professionals by having the finger on the pulse is more than ever of a great significance. Page 19 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Luther 25 September 2014

20 Contact Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg Chair of Electrical Energy Systems Konrad-Zuse-Str Erlangen Tel: Fax: Web: Page 20 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Luther 25 September 2014