Biorefinery Siting Considerations in the PNW

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1 Biorefinery Siting Considerations in the PNW Natalie Martinkus, PE, PhD Candidate Washington State University October 15, 2014 Northwest Advanced Renewables Alliance

2 Overview 1. NARA Overview 2. Facility Si5ng 3. Biomass Assessment Process 4. Future Work

3 Northwest Advanced Renewables Alliance Team

4 NARA Goals

5 Why Aviation Biofuels? Na5onal Security U.S. dependence on foreign oil Petroleum Cost airlines are vulnerable to price swings Climate climate change concerns driving demand for lower carbon alterna5ves A secure, domes5cally produced energy source is very important to our na5onal security Navy Secretary Ray Mabus, Dec. 2013

6 Aviation Fuel Demand Centers

7 NARA Conversion Scenarios Source: NARA. Preliminary Scoping: Northwest Wood Based Biofuels. IDX Studio Fall 2014.

8 Forest Residuals-to Biorefinery Supply Chain Ground Slash Timber Harvest Slash Pile Storage Raw Slash End User Isobutanol Biorefinery Sawmill (Depot)

9 NARA TEA Status: Projected Price

10 Techno-Economic Analysis

11 Solution for Economic Viability Analyze supply chain logistics and economics for efficiencies: Reliable, low cost, and commercial volumes of feedstock Appropriate feedstock processing - centralized vs. distributed Transportation logistics Retrofitting closed plants or co-locating w/ active plants Potential co-products & new markets

12 NARA Siting Philosophy Retrofit or co locate with exis1ng facili1es around exis1ng assets Benefits: Reuse exis5ng equipment and infrastructure = CapEx cost savings Skilled workforce is in place or nearby = jobs saved and created Environmental (air, water) permits and water rights may exist = less start up 5me delays Plant is set up for receiving raw wood via trucks and rail

13 NARA Siting Philosophy Integrated Biorefinery, Conversion Plant, Liquid Depot Thermo Mechanical Pulp Mill Sulfite Pulp Mill Kra^ Pulp Mill Ethanol Plants Solid Depot Primary Wood Processors (Sawmill, chip mill, etc.)

14 Comparison of Existing Facility Assets Thermo Mechanical or NSSC* Pulp Mill Feedstock = wood chips Pretreatment = sodium sulfite (ph ~ 2) Output = wood pulp Most similar to IBR process flow Sulfite Pulp Mill Feedstock = wood chips Pretreatment = sulfites/bisulfites (ph ~ 2) Output = wood pulp Similar to IBR Process Flow KraQ Pulp Mill Feedstock = wood chips Pretreatment = sulfate (ph~12 14 ) Output = wood pulp Ethanol Plant Feedstock = corn or grain (PNW plants) Process Flow = Milling, Cooking, Fermen1ng, Dis1lla1on, Storage and Distribu1on Output = Ethanol TMP/NSSC Mills in PNW = 5 Sulfite Mills in PNW = 1 KraQ Mills in PNW = 12 Ethanol Plants in PNW = 3 IBR Liquid Depot Conversion Plant IBR Liquid Depot Conversion Plant IBR Liquid Depot Conversion Plant IBR Conversion Plant *NSSC = Neutral Sulfite Semi Chemical

15 Map of Existing Facilities in PNW

16 Map of Existing Facilities in PNW

17 Map of Existing Facilities in PNW

18 Map of Existing Facilities in PNW

19 Map of Existing Facilities in PNW

20 Map of Existing Facilities in PNW

21 Asset Mapping

22 PNW Unutilized Forest Residue

23 PNW Transportation Infrastructure

24 PNW Transportation Infrastructure

25 PNW Petroleum Infrastructure

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27 Flow Map Truck vs. Train Transportation

28 Road vs. Rail

29 Cost Calculator Variables

30 Biomass Assessment Western Oregon and Washington

31 Depot Direct Drive Time OREGON

32 Biorefinery/Depot Model OREGON

33 Biomass Assessment Western Montana & Panhandle of Idaho

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41 Future Work Forest volumes currently es5mated from Timber Product Output (TPO) data from University of Montana

42 Future Work Instead use FIA (Federal Inventory and Analysis) points and market forecas5ng (OSU group) to es5mate forest volumes and harvest/produc5on/transporta5on costs

43 Future Work Assume FIA points represent a central landing adjacent to a road Assume $68/BDT max delivered feedstock cost to biorefinery gate Assume Fixed Cost at FIA pt = cost to grind slash, load slash and idle 5me of truck = $20/BDT

44 Future Work Create Decision Support Tool in GIS for Facility Site Selec1on Pre screening tool for Investors and Economic Development professionals

45 THANK YOU If you are interested in being a stakeholder and providing input in our design process, please contact me Natalie.mar5nkus@wsu.edu or Vik Yadama at Vyadama@nararenewables.org This work, as part of the Northwest Advanced Renewables Alliance (NARA), was funded by the Agriculture and Food Research Ini5a5ve Compe55ve Grant no from the USDA Na5onal Ins5tute of Food and Agriculture.