WRI GHG Protocol City Project: Experience and Lessons Learned

Transcription

1 WRI GHG Protocol City Project: Experience and Lessons Learned Wee Kean Fong, PhD. Project Manager, GHG Protocol City Project, World Resources Institute

2 Presentation Outline 1. The GHG Protocol City Project 2. Issues of current GHG accounting practices for cities 3. Implication on low-carbon society indicators

3 GHG Protocol standards Corporate Standard For Businesses Product Standard Project Protocol Mitigation Actions Standard For Policymakers Mitigation Goals Standard City Standard Mitigation Actions/Policies Guidance Mitigation Goals Guidance City-level Accounting Standard Under Development Scope 3 Standard

4 GHG Protocol City Project Core Partners: Global Protocol for Community-Scale GHG Emissions (GPC) Endorsed by: The GPC Pilot Version 1.0 was released on May 14, 2012

5 Project Schedule 2015: GPC Expanded Version Scopes 1/2 & full Scope : Draft GPC Expanded Version Scopes 1/2 & full Scope : Pilot Testing Draft GPC Basic Version Scopes 1/2 & some Scope : Pilot Testing Draft GPC Expanded Version Scopes 1/2 & full Scope : GPC Basic Version Scopes 1/2 & some Scope 3 May 2012: Draft GPC Basic Version Scopes 1 /2 & some Scope 3 Phase 1: GPC Basic Version (Scopes 1 & 2) Phase 2: GPC Expanded Version (Scopes 1, 2, 3)

6 Pilot Projects North America Latin America Central & Europe South Middle Asia East Africa East Asia Southeast Asia Oceania 30 Cities March-September 2013

7 Key country projects BRAZIL INDIA CHINA Global Protocol for Community Scale GHG Emissions (GPC)

8 Presentation Outline 1. The GHG Protocol City Project 2. Issues of current GHG accounting practices for cities 3. Implication on low-carbon society indicators

9 Rapid growth of mega cities Number of world mega cities, Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affaires

10 Cities as the largest source of global CO 2 >70% of global energy-related CO2 emissions attributable to cities Source: World Energy Outlook, 2008

11 Measuring GHG emissions from cities You Can t Manage What You Can t Measure Benchmarking Identifying reduction opportunities and formulating low-carbon strategies Tracking GHG performance Managing risks Financing Cross-learning between cities

12 GHG inventory in low-carbon city planning Future emission scenarios Target Setting GHG Accounting Standard Base year inventory LOW-CARBON PLANNING CYCLE Action Plan Performance tracking Implemen -tation

13 Characteristics of city GHG inventory City Cross-boundary transport Exchange of goods and services Activities Country Data Availability

14 Multiple initiatives on city GHG inventory metrics Int l Standard for Determining GHG Emissions for Cities, UNEP et al. Int l Local Goverment GHG Emissions Analysis Protocol, ICLEI The CO2 Calculator - Denmark Bilan Carbone - France ECO2Region - Switzerland, Germany, Italy CO2 Grobbilanz & EMSIG - Austria GRIP - UK

15 Key methodological issues Focus on direct emissions Unclear boundary definition Inconsistent Incomplete

16 Example 1: King County, USA Source: Greenhouse Gas Emission in King County, 2012

17 Example 2: Oregon State, USA Emissions embodied in imported electricity Emissions embodied in imported goods/services Source: Consumption-Based Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory for Oregon

18 Example 3: The U.K. Emission leakage Source: David Allaway and Peter Erickson, 2010; Defra, 2008

19 Presentation Outline 1. The GHG Protocol City Project 2. Issues of current GHG accounting practices for cities 3. Implication on low-carbon society indicators

20 Boundary definition and reporting requirement MINIMUM REPORTING DIRECT EMISSIONS Scope 1 Emissions INDIRECT EMISSIONS Scope 2 Emissions GPC Basic/Basic+ GPC Expanded Scope 3 Emissions

21 Emission scopes GHGs Scope 1 GHGs Scope 2 GHGs Scope 3 GHGs Scope 3 Indirect Emissions (Upstream) Direct Emissions Indirect Emissions (Downstream)

22 GPC reporting framework SCOPE 3 (Transportation) BASIC BASIC + EXPANDED SCOPE 2 SCOPE 1 Industries Electricity, Steam, Heating/Cooling Residential, Commercial, Institution SCOPE 3 (Downstream) SCOPE 3 (Upstream) Agriculture, Forest Solid Wastes, Wastewater Transportation Wastewater Treatment Raw Materials Goods & Services Fuels not in Scopes 1 or 2 UPSTREAM EMISSIONS REPORTING CITY Goods & Solid Waste Services Treatment DOWNSTREAM EMISSIONS

23 Contact us: Thank You! Wee Kean Fong, PhD Project Manager GHG Protocol City Project World Resources Institute /city-accounting