Urban Wetland Resources and Status in China

Transcription

1 Urban Wetland Resources and Status in China Shen Yu, Ph.D. Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences

2 Wetland Resources Wetland type Survey in 2003 Remote Sensing Mapping (1,000 km 2 ) (1,000 km 2 ) Inland wetlands Marine & coastal wetlands Human-mademade wetlands Total Ramsar The classification of wetland type. Strategic framework and guidelines for the future development of the List of Wetlands of International Importance of the Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, Iran, 1971). State Forestry Administration Bulletin of National Wetland Resources Survey. Niu et al A preliminary remote sensing mapping and related geographic characteristics analyses of China s wetlands. Science in China 39:

3 Wetland Resources

4 Urbanization Populat tion urbaniza ation rate (% %) Year

5 National Wetland Reserves Wetland Preserve Wetlands of international importance Number 36 National wetland parks 38 National urban wetland parks 26 Jing-Jin-Bo city cluster Yangtze River Delta city cluster Pearl River Delta city cluster

6 Questionnaire Functions of wetlands that are considered highly valuable in the US (NRC 2001) Function Natural Wetlands Urban Wetlands Hydrological Abatement of floods? Too small to abate Water quality Denitrification? Activity Support for vegetation Diverse species of wetland-dependent plants? Nursery plants Support for Water, food, and habitat for a diversity? Obviously we lose a lot of birds. fauna of wetland-dependent animals Soil Wetland soils: serve a rooting medium for plants? With some urban trashes store seeds and rhizomes provide water and nutrients for plants provide habitat for mycorrhizae and? Transplanting nursery plants? At high or contaminated levels? Adaptation symbiotic bacteria support chemical transformations that improve water quality? Efficiency sustain soil macrofauna covey groundwater and store contaminants? Adaptation? Intensity? Contaminated or eutrophic

7 Questions? Spatial characteristics of wetlands in urbanized regions? Environmental quality status of urban wetlands? Ecosystem services of urban wetlands

8 Study Region Yangtze River Yangtze River Delta city cluster

9 Wetland Fragmentation Wetland Type Area Perimeter Number of (hm 2 ) (km) Patches Tidal wetland Vegetated water surface Open water surface (<8 hm 2 ) 2, Lake (>8 hm 2 ) River 1, Sum 5,

10 Urban Sections of the Southern Grand Canal Surface Water Eutrophication

11 Surface Water Agriculture Town-1 Town-2 Town-3 SM-1 SM-2 MC-1 MC-2 MC-3 LC China MEP Classification Class III No. Sample US EPA CCC ph I I I I I I I I I I 6.0~ ~9.0 Ammonia (mg N L -1 ) II IV V V III >V V V >V III 1.0 Total Nitrogen (mg N L -1 ) >V >V >V >V >V >V >V >V >V >V 1.0 Total Phosphorus (mg P L -1 ) IV IV >V V IV V V >V V IV 0.2 (river) Copper (µg Cu L -1 ) I I I I I I I I I I Zinc (µg ZnL -1 ) II II II II II II II I II II Lead (µg Pb L -1 ) I I I I I I I I I I Cadmium (µg Cd L -1 ) I I I I I I I I I I Chromium (µg Cr L -1 ) II II II IV II II II II II II Dissolved mercury (µg Hg L -1 ) I I I I I I I I I I Chloride (mg Cl - L -1 ) P P P P P P P P P P 250 Nitrate (mg N L -1 ) P P P P P P P P NP P 10 Iron (mg Fe L -1 ) NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP 0.3 Manganese (mg Mn L -1 ) P NP NP NP P NP P NP NP P China Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) The National Environmental Standards for Surface Water Quality (GB3838). --US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The National Recommended Water Quality Criteria for Priority Toxic Pollutants: criterion continuous concentration (CCC).

12 Surface Sediment Ratio of Cu to Fe in the Crust Ratio of Cr to Fe in the Crust.025 Ratio of Cu to Fe Ratio of Cr to Fe Fe in the Crust Ratio of Zn to Fe in the Crust Fe.005 Ratio of Pb to Fe in the Crust Ratio of Cd to Fe in the Crust Ratio of Zn to (x10-4 ) Ratio of Cd to Fe.4.01 Agriculture Town-1 Town-2 Town-3 SC-1 SC-2 MC-1 MC-2 MC-3 LC 0.00 Agriculture Town-1 Town-2 Town-3 SC-1 SC-2 MC-1 MC-2 MC-3 LC Agriculture Town-1 Town-2 Town-3 SC-1 SC-2 MC-1 MC MC-3 LC 0.0 Ratio of metals to iron in lithosphere

13 Surface Sediments Sum of PAHs (mg kg -1 ) Sum of PCBs (µg kg -1 ) Agriculture Town-1 Town-2 Town-3 SC-1 SC-2 MC-1 MC-2 MC-3 LC Agriculture Town-1 Town-2 Town-3 SC-1 SC-2 MC-1 MC-2 MC-3 LC 0 16 priority PAHs were detected. Number of priority PCBs detected increased with urbanization. 0.00

14 Shanghai Parks

15 Surface Water Item BJP CFP DNP GQP HPP JWP LJP LXP MHP SJP YPP ZBP ZSP ZWP China MEP Class III US EPA CCC ph I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Ammonia (mg N L -1 ) Total Nitrogen (mg N L -1 ) Total Phosphorus (mg P L -1 ) Copper (mg Cu L -1 ) Zinc (mg Zn L -1 ) Lead (mg Pb L -1 ) Cadmium (mg Cd L -1 ) Chromium (mg Cr L -1 ) Nitrate (mg N L -1 ) Chloride (mg Cl - L -1 ) V II I III I I II III II II I II II IV 1.0 >V V V V V IV V V V IV IV IV V >V 1.0 V V IV V V V V IV V IV IV IV IV V 0.05(pond) I I I I II I I II II I II I I II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II II II II II II II II II II II II II II P P P P P P P P P P P P P P 10 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P China Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) The National Environmental Standards for Surface Water Quality (GB3838). --US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The National Recommended Water Quality Criteria for Priority Toxic Pollutants: criterion continuous concentration (CCC).

16 Xixi National Wetland Park Landsat TM image in 2006

17 Surface Water Geostatistical method: Inverse distance weighting

18 Conclusion Urban wetland status in Yangtze River Delta: Fragmentation of wetlands in urban landscapes Fragmentation of wetlands in urban landscapes Eutrophication of surface water in urban wetlands Urban-oriented heavy metals and organic compounds polluted urban wetland sediments

19 Further Questions What is the criterion of wetland for restoration and protection in urbanized area? By size or by ecological functions?

20 Acknowledgement Funding: CAS Hundred Talent Project National Science Foundation ( ) Ph.D. Student: Mr. Yi LIU ( 刘义 ) Mr. Guangbin YU ( 余广彬 ) Mr. Quanyi QIU ( 邱全毅 ) Mr. Hongbo LI ( 历红波 ) Research Assistant: Dr. Guilin LI ( 李桂林 ) Dr. Sheng FENG ( 冯胜 ) Collaborator: Mr. Yueping JIANG ( 蒋跃平 ) Xixi National Wetland Park

21 Key Research Area Urban Ecosystem Health and Environmental Quality (Fundamental Research) Urban Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation (Technology Development) Urban Environmental Engineering and Circular Economy (Technology Demo and Transfer) Urban Ecosystem Planning and Management Urban Ecosystem Planning and Management (Policy Dimension)

22 Division Center for Urban Ecosystem Health and Environmental Safety Center for Urban Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Center for Urban Environmental Engineering and Circular Economy Center for Urban Ecosystem Planning and Management Center for Instrumentation Two Stations for Urban Environmental Quality Monitoring

23 Dr. Guilin Li Ph.D. in Soil Science Institute of Soil Science CAS Wetland Ecology and Environment Group Guangbin Yu 2007 Min Wang 2008 Yi Li Yijie Wang Dr. Xiaosan Luo Dr. Shen Yu Ph.D. in Soil Science Zhejiang University Ph.D. in Soil Science Institute of Soil Science CAS Dr. Youwei Hong Ph.D. in Environ. Sci. Xiamen University i Bo Xu MS Candidate 2008 Hongbo Li Qiufang Zhang Assistant Scientist Ph.D. Candidate

24 Research Interests Water and sediment quality in urban wetland ecosystem Coupled cycling of C, N, P, and S in wetland ecosystem and microbial community evolution Invasion of alien wetland plants and nutrient-related microbial ecology Behaviors of pollutants/contaminants in urban wetland ecosystem and iron/manganese oxides-related redox processes

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