Low-Cost Storage Options: Doubling the Renewable Energy Hosting Capacity

Transcription

1 Low-Cost Storage Options: Doubling the Renewable Energy Hosting Capacity PLMA Behind-The-Meter Storage Workshop San Francisco April 18, 2016 Jim Lazar RAP Senior Advisor April 18, 2016 The Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)

2 Welcome to California, Home of the Duck Curve 2

3 Context: Strategies 3-5 Teaching the Duck to Fly Targeted energy efficiency Peak-oriented renewables Water pumping Water heating Air conditioning Rate design Battery storage Demand Response Inter-regional power exchanges Retire older inflexible generating units 3

4 Teaching the Duck to Fly Requesting Permission for Take-Off

5 Overview: Sun and Wind Come and Go Air Conditioning Water Heating Water Pumping 5

6 These Are Big End Uses 6

7 MUCH Bigger Share of Peak Demand NREL: Cooling is 35-50% of total US Peak Demand. Water heat: ~12% of residential peak demand 7

8 Thesis: Energy Storage Is More Efficient Than Electricity Storage % of Energy Input Recovered 8

9 Thesis: Energy Storage Is More Economical Than Electricity Storage Capital cost per unit energy - $/kwh output H.P. capacitors H 2 O heaters H.P. flywheels EV Lead-acid L.D. capacitors CAES Ni-Cd Chilled Water / Ice Thermal Metal-air PSH Na-S Li-ion Flow Zinc-air Capital cost per unit power - $/kw L.D. flywheels Distributed / demand-side Battery Grid-scale Flywheel / capacitor

10 AC Technologies Central Chillers 10

11 Air Conditioning 11

12 Central Chiller Storage 44 tanks provide peak cooling needs for 1 Bryant Square (B of A, NYC). CALMAC 12

13 AC Storage for Strip Malls & Big Box 13

14 Air Conditioning Peak Load Share 19% 16% 65% Residential AC Commercial AC All other loads 14

15 Air Conditioning Energy Shift Impacts CALMAC 15

16 Air Conditioning Peak Load Potential GW

17 Air Conditioning Load Shift Potential 17

18 Water Heating: Magnitude 45 million electric water heaters ~10% of total residential electricity usage ~12% of residential peak demand ~37% kwh reduction possible with HPWH where applicable 18

19 Water Heating Peak Load Impacts GW Mobile Home Multi-Family Single-Family - Before After 19

20 Water Heating Energy Impacts GWh 126 Million MWh/Year 79 20

21 Water Heating Load Shift Impacts GWh 21

22 Strategy Elements Proof of Concept Pilot Programs National Labs Industry innovation Appliance Standards AC Storage Controls incorporated in AC and WH Utility Programs TOU Rates Customer / Trade Incentives Building Codes AC Storage Mandate Minimum WH Storage Capacity Communications Access to units 22

23 Remaining Work Water pumping and wastewater treatment potential Solar and wind hosting capability provided by storage; Water heaters alone may double this capacity Technology review for residential air conditioning 23

24 We Need Your Help With This Pilot results that are published Field evaluation of GIWH and AC programs; HPWH control trials Emerging technology 24

25 About RAP The Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP) is a global, non-profit team of experts that focuses on the long-term economic and environmental sustainability of the power sector. RAP has deep expertise in regulatory and market policies that: Promote economic efficiency Protect the environment Ensure system reliability Allocate system benefits fairly among all consumers Learn more about RAP at

26 Combined Peak Demand Impact GW 26

27 Combined Load Shift Potential GWh 27