Integrated Water Resource Management: Water Security

Transcription

1 Integrated Water Resource Management: Water Security Asma Younas, PhD Principal Scientific Officer, UNESCO Chair on Knowledge Systems for IWRM, Pakistan July 10, 2017

2 Overview Water Security An Emerging Paradigm Looking Ahead Issues and Challenges Closing Thoughts Knowledge and Solutions

3 Water Security An Emerging Paradigm

4 IRRIGATED AREAS NWFP Disputed Territory PUNJAB BALOCHISTAN SINDH AREA Presently Irrigated Areas Ongoing Schem Sindh 6.5 MA 1.0 MA Punjab 33.4 MA 1.5 MA NWFP 2.3 MA 0.5 MA Balochistan 2.2 MA 0.8 MA TOTAL 44.4 MA 3.8 MA 4

5 Irrigated Agriculture Sector Single most important sector of the economy contributing almost one-quarter of the GDP Supports 70% of the population Employs 44 to 50 % of the labor force Directly or indirectly responsible for % of export earnings Irrigated lands produce 80 % of agricultural production Uses more than 90% of the nations water resources Growth in this sector holds the key to poverty alleviation and economic growth 5

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7 Water Use in 2000 and Projections MAF Industry Water supply and sanitation Agriculture Water use 2000 Requirements

8 Other Uses and Requirements bcm Municipal Indutrial Environments REQUIREMENTS Year 2000 REQUIREMENTS Year

9 Per Capita Storage Capacity in different Countries 9

10 National Water Security : Why?

11 Goal 6: Water for All Sustainable Development Goals 11 Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all Water Use Efficiency IWRM Universal Water Access Equitable Sanitation In addition, links to: Goal 1: End poverty in all its form everywhere, Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture, and Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts Flood Control & Drainage Recycle & Reuse 6.3 Ecosystem Protection 6.6

12 Reasons For Growing Water Scarcity Population Growth Water Supply & Sanitation Needs Food Security Requirements Depleting Storage Capacity Environmental Demands Declining Water tables Increasing Pollution Ageing Infrastructure Cropping Patterns Urbanization Industrial Demand Lack Of Proper Laws For Usage 12

13 Reasons For Growing Water Scarcity (Contd.) Inequity And Poverty Capacity Erosion Desertification Drought Watersheds And Eco-systems Climate Change Water Governance (Institutions) Economic Value Of Water Insufficient Water Wisdom 13

14 Looking Ahead Issues And Challenges

15 Water Management Challenges With this infrastructure in place, Pakistan developed extra-ordinary diversion capacity resulting in diverting close to 130 BCM of irrigation water annually. The infrastructure thus developed is extremely vulnerable to large floods. The infrastructure though massive, but still not capable of capturing the full surface water. Whereas 40% storage capacity is required against this only 7% is stored. Upto October 2014, 1,210 MAF of water has gone to the sea unutilized over the last 36 years which is equivalent to 12 years of canal withdrawals. In monetory terms, the value of unutilized water is US$ 177 billion after deducting 360 MAF required for environmental purposes.

16 Water Scarcity and Pricing Water productivity in agriculture and industry will only address 20% of the supply-demand gap. Business-as-usual supply will only add another 20% 60% gap in 2030 Source: 2030 Water Resources Group Charting Our Water Future. 16

17 Pricing is critical to water management!

18 different country, different challenges India low agricultural water productivity and efficiency aging supply infrastructure China rapidly growing industrial and urban demand growth increasingly complex water-energy nexus Brazil (São Paulo state) multi-sector activities drive quantity and quality issues highly urbanized, industrialized, and agriculturally active region South Africa fast-growing urban demand is outpacing supply Source: 2030 Water Resources Group Charting Our Water Future.

19 Drinking Water For All Many people in the region do not have continuous (24/7) access to potable water services Many utilities fail to deliver against quality and pressure service levels There is an issue of sustainability whether the supply would last as many utilities rely on non-renewable sources Delivering services to ever growing urban populations is a huge challenge

20 Wastewater/Sanitation Services For All 1.7 billion people in Asia do not have access to adequate sanitation It is not simply dignity and disease, it impacts on water quality Quality and sustainability of sanitation facilities remain an issue Lack of knowledge on technology and solutions, and unclear returns of sanitation investments Income generating opportunities exist it should not be an investment dead-end

21 Promoting Wastewater Management A lost service; and a missed business opportunity Establishing Tariff Schemes Opening Wastewater Management Market Integrated Wastewater Management Approaches Wastewater Reuse

22 Why Is Water Management Important Water availability has reduced to 1050cubic meter /capita (chronic stress) Water shortage is projected at 17.9maf (PCRWR 2015) 70-75% of surface water becomes available during 3 month Storages are depleting in capacity Disproportionate loss of water to the sea G/water levels are going down and quality is deteriorating More than 50% of all diseases are water related More than 90% 0f exports are agri-based Financial resources are scarce 22

23 Knowledge Solutions: The Future Depends on Them Knowledge translated into written multimedia products Technology Networks

24 Water Security : Key Dimensions Household Water Security Resilience to Water- Related Disasters Economic Water Security Environmental Water Security Urban Water Security

25 "Technology as a Tool" The use of the "right" technology for: Improved efficiency: less energy consumption, smaller footprint, easier operation Less waste, increased reuse of resources Sustainability of cities Pakistan needs to have both software and hardware solutions to meet its future water related challenges.

26 Networks - A Powerful Platform for Knowledge Sharing A platform for knowledge sharing must be in place Building networks is one such platform Networks among peers gaining wider acceptance

27 Option : Irrigation Technologies Productivity Enhancement in Canal and Non-Canal Command areas (marginal land and water conditions)and desert and semi desert areas through Water Saving Technologies and Practices in order to: foster sustainable food security improve livelihoods reduce poverty environment friendly agriculture

28 Relevance of Knowledge Support the development of new knowledge solutions through partnership with centers of excellence and knowledge hubs, to achieve world-class knowledge solutions. Expand support for pilot-testing new innovations and other knowledge solutions Strengthen our sector and thematic communities of practice as sources of knowledge Support knowledge sharing regionally and globally 28

29 Role of Universities, R&D and Centers of Excellence High concentration of talent, both in faculty and students World-class universities are - well resourced - well-governed - network with each other World-class universities should reach out to people everywhere 29

30 Water Security Strategy for Pakistan A Way Forward

31 Within the Country: A consensus National Water Policy must be put in place immediately. The technical and management capacity of the institutions dealing with water at Federal and Provincial levels must be enhanced. Water governance and management issues must be addressed on priority basis. Additional storage reservoirs must be constructed to enhance storage per capita and carry over capacity.

32 Within the Country (Continued) Rainwater harvesting 40 MAF (49 BCM) falls per annum we only utilize 20% of it 10 mm/hectare is 100,000 liters countries capture almost 98% of the rainfall. Water savings/conservation in all sub-sectors. Pollution control of fresh water bodies. Principle of 3Rs Reduce Recycle Reuse can save up to 40% of water. Wastage control. Desalinization.

33 Transboundary The complexities of issues with India, lack of political wisdom and will, position based stands, high level of mistrust, linkages to Kashmiri issue, negative public perceptions and deep buried hostilities offer formidable obstacles to cross. Exchange of real time data between India and Pakistan is a prerequisite for better management of water resources.

34 Development Options Supply of canal water to the desert/semi-desert areas Establishment of mini dams, check dams, dugwells, lift irrigation schemes etc. Construction and renovation of water storage ponds Adoption of Resource Conservation Technology Use of alternative energy sources (solar and wind) powered pumps for conveyance of water from water storage tanks to fields by use of drip/sprinkler and Flexible Gated Pipes Management of groundwater by treated, cyclic and conjunctive use

35 Way Forward Practical Steps Promote integrated development of water resources (River Basin) Protect natural water bodies Water quality management Wastewater reuse and use of saline water in agriculture Conserve and protect the resource Water savings (high efficiency irrigation and new cropping patterns) Add reservoirs to offset siltation and meet growing needs Water for Hydropower (high potential and non consumptive nature) Climate change impacts (drought and flood management) 35

36 Way Forward (Contd) Economic value of water and its correct pricing Increase public-private sector partnerships Increase user participation at all levels Basin management approach Raise political will Capacity building in technical and management areas Research coordination and support Water poverty mapping for identifying water poor areas for effective investment in the sector Promote small scale developments in outside command areas where there are deep pockets of poverty (through community participation) Invigorate the reform process already underway Strengthen office of Indus Water Commissioner 36

37 UNESCO Water Chair Pakistan

38 I want to leave you with three key messages 1. Using more than 95% of our fresh water in agriculture is not tenable keeping in view growing population and diminishing water supplies 2. We have to save water in all water use sectors, and every drop that is stored is a drop saved 3. We have to build strong resilience to combat CC through effective capacity building at all levels for improved water management 38

39 Thank you for your patience!