World Small Hydropower Development Report 2013

Transcription

1 World Small Hydropower Development Report CZECH REPUBLIC

2 Disclaimer Published in 2013 by United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and International Center on Small Hydro Power (ICSHP) UNIDO and ICSHP All rights reserved This report was jointly produced by United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and International Center on Small Hydro Power (ICSHP) to provide information about small hydropower. The document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed and the presentations of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of UNIDO and ICSHP concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as developed, industrialized and developing are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process: Mention of firm names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO or its partners. The opinions, statistical data and estimates contained in the articles are the responsibility of the author(s) and should not necessarily be considered as reflecting the views or bearing the endorsement of UNIDO and its partners. While every care has been taken to ensure that the content is useful and accurate, UNIDO and ICSHP and any contributing third parties shall have no legal liability or responsibility for the content or the accuracy of the information so provided, or for any loss or damage caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with reliance on the use of such information. Copyright: Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested, together with a copy of the publication containing the quotation or reprint. Recommended citation: Liu, H., Masera, D. and Esser, L., eds. (2013). World Small Hydropower Development Report United Nations Industrial Development Organization; International Center on Small Hydro Power. Available from

3 4 Europe 4.1 Eastern Europe conservative. By 2020, the aim is to have 1,645 plants with a total installed capacity of 340 MW (1,210 GWh) Czech Republic European Small Hydropower Association, Stream Map SHP installed capacity 297 MW Key facts Population 10,177,300 1 Area 78,867 km 2 Climate Topography Rain pattern Temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east has very hilly landscape Most rain falls during the summer. The average precipitation is 680 mm. 2 Electricity sector overview The gross electricity production in the Czech Republic was 87,560 GWh in 2011 with one third of it coming from nuclear sources (figure 1). 3 A 2011 s national energy policy draft states that there will be a major increase of nuclear power generation until 2060, to 13.9 GW or up to 18.9 GW in the case of major adoption of electric vehicles, with nuclear producing 60 per cent of the country's power. 4 Wind Photovoltaic Hydropow er Combined Cycle and Gas Fired Nuclear Thermal 0.50% 2.40% 3.20% 4.50% 32.30% Figure 1 Electricity generation in Czech Republic Source: Energetický regulační úřad % 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Small hydropower sector overview and potential The Czech Republic has already developed a major part of its small hydro potential. Nevertheless, systematic growth in installed capacity of 2.5 MW/year was observed in the last 10 years. In 2010, the Czech Republic had 1,452 small hydropower plants and a total installed capacity of 297 MW, generating 1,159 GWh per year (figure 2). 5 Even faster growth (up to 372 MW in 2020) can be expected in this decade according to its National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP). While this prediction may be considered fairly optimistic, the NREAP electricity generation estimation is rather SHP potential MW Figure 2 Small hydropower capacities in Czech Republic Source: Stream Map 5 In 2008, the total economically feasible small hydropower potential was calculated at 465 MW, which means the remaining economically feasible potential was 168 MW, not including the 43 MW planned small hydropower plants. 6 Renewable energy policy According to the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP), the renewable energy target by 2020 is 13.5 per cent of country s energy consumption,. 7 Legislation on small hydropower Support mechanisms for small hydropower in the Czech Republic reflect some economic aspects of the small hydro investment process and its significance for the grid. There is an opt-in guaranteed tariff or green bonus scheme that depends on the time period since commissioning. According to the Act on Promotion of Electricity Production from Renewable Energy Sources, the electricity prices should aid in achieving a 15-year period of recovery of investment. In practice, the guaranteed tariffs range between 7.4 and 12 euro cents/kwh for run-of-river plants and between 5.7 and 15 euro cents/kwh for storage plants (with substantial differences between the peak and off-peak operation); respective values for green bonuses are 3.6 and 8 euro cents/kwh for run-of-river plants and between 2.6 and 9.6 euro cents/kwh for storage plants. 5 The tariff is announced on an annual basis by the Energy Regulatory Office. Small hydropower plant operators that intend to offer electricity for purchase to the grid should notify the relevant grid operator in advance. Electricity supply to the grid takes place according to a contract agreed between small hydropower plant operators and local grid operators. The regulatory role of small storage hydropower plants is acknowledged by differentiated energy prices in the grid load-peak and off-peak zones. 1

4 When setting the residual flow for small hydropower plants, minimum mean flow and hydro-biological parameters are taken into account. Typically, the residual flow is established to maintain naturally 355 days to 330 days per year. 5 Investment projects are supported using the means of ECO-ENERGY Programme within the Operational Programme Enterprise and Innovations Eighteen projects were supported in 2010 with the total amount of support over 11 million (approximately US$14.7 million in 2010) and the mean share of 35 per cent of the investment cost. Barriers to small hydropower development One of the main obstacles to small hydropower in Czech Republic is the costs of operation and maintenance, which pushes the price upwards. Renewable energy is considered as a complementary source of energy as the priority is given to solid fuels and nuclear energy. The use of renewable energy sources is ecological therefore its future and financial support depends on the preferences of the political parties in the Government. 8 References 1. Central Intelligence Agency (2012). The World Factbook. Available from 2. European Small Hydropower Association (2008). Small Hydropower Energy Efficiency Campaign Action- Strategic Study for the Development of Small Hydro Power in the European Union. 3. Energetický regulační úřad (2012). Yearly Report on the Operation of the Czech Electricity Grid for Statistics Unit of Energetický regulační úřad, Prague 4. World Nuclear Association (2012). Nuclear Power in Czech Republic. Available from 5. European Small Hydropower Association (2012). Stream Map Small Hydropower Roadmap. Available from 6. Punys, P. and Pelikan, B. (2007). Review of small hydropower in the new Member States and Candidate Countries in the context of the enlarged European Union. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 11, pp Beurskens, L.W.M., Hekkenberg, M., Vethman, P. (2011). Renewable Energy Projections as Published in the National Renewable Energy Action Plans of the European Member States. Energy Centre of the Netherlands. November Jan Fiedler, Energeticky Ustav (n.d.) Obnovitelne zdroje energie v Ceske republice. Available from 2

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