Best practice. Joachim Krassowski, Fraunhofer UMSICHT March 2013

Transcription

1 Financing aspects Best practice Future trends Joachim Krassowski, Fraunhofer UMSICHT March 2013 The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EACI nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.

2 Contents Biomethane project financing - results from the survey Best practice along the value chain Alternative ways of producing biomethane Gasification SNG production Power-to-gas via biological methanation

3 Chapter 1: Biomethane Project Financing

4 Data acquisition Method of data aquisition: survey via standardised questionnaires Data basis: 10 Replies from 6 different countries Slovakia (4) UK (1) Netherlands (1) Germany (1) Austria (2) Poland (1)

5 Instruments for project financing

6 Process to obtain finance Pre-requisites to obtain finance are a full auditable finance model with all contracts (gas sales, substrates, grid connection, O&M, ensurances, land ownership etc) Germany: All permits and licenses are required Time period for finance negotiation varies a lot (1 week 1 year) Assistance for obtaining information on project financing Only NL, UK

7 Barriers and obstacles Most present risks Increasing feedstock prices Changing energy tariffs Grid connection Barriers for financing: Uncertain revenue stream Permit and licensing procedure not clear High risk compared to other investment options

8 Chapter 2: Best Practice along the value chain

9 Best Practice what does it mean? Climate protection Maximum energy efficiency Sustainable energy production Local added value Market development in accordance with public acceptance

10 Best Practice along the value chain Biogas Production Biogas upgrading Gas injection Utilisation

11 Soon available on

12 Chapter 3: Alternative ways for Biomethane production

13 Biomethane production Wet biomass Anaerobic digestion Dry biomass with high lignocellulosic content Gasification BIOMETHANE Renewable energies Power to gas (biological methanation)

14 Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) Synthetic gas: main components H 2, CO, CO 2 Gasification Gas cleaning I CO Conversion SNG: main component CH 4 (comparable with natural gas) Methanation Gas cleaning II

15 Plants for synthetic gas and SNG LOCATION UTILIZATION/ PRODUCT FUEL/PRODUC T [MW] BEGINNING OF OPERATION STATUS SUPPLIER Güssing, A Gas engine 8.0 fuel / 2.0 el 2002 Operating AE&E / Repotec Oberwart, Gas engine/orc 8.5 fuel / 2.8 el 2008 Operating Ortner Anlagenbau A Villach, A Gas engine 15 fuel / 3.7 el 2010 Commissioning Ortner Anlagenbau Klagenfurt, Gas engine 25 fuel / 5.5 el 2011 Ortner Anlagenbau A Vienna, A Hydrogen 50 fuel /30 hydrogen 2015 Planning Reportec Neu-Ulm, Gas engine/orc 14 fuel / 5 el 2013 Planning Repotec GE Göteborg, SW Bio SNG 32 fuel / 20 el 2013 Planning Reportec Source:

16 Biological methanation

17 How to methanise hydrogen? How to methanise hydrogen? SABATIER REACTION: Carbon dioxide and hydrogen react thermo-chemically or biologically to obtain methane, and water as a byproduct. CO 2 + 4H 2 CH 4 + 2H 2 O Catalytic way: Metal catalysts (like Nickel), temperatures around C Biological way: The reaction carried out by methanogenic microorganisms (Archaea). Temperatures of around 35 to 65 C methanobacterium is Selected methanogens. (a) Methanosppirillium hungatei; (b) Methanobrevibacter smithii. (c) Methanosarcina barkeri) (d) Methanosarcina mazei; (e) Methanobacterium bryantii; (f) Methanogenium marisnigri.

18 Biological methanation sucessfully conducted in lab scale trials Next step: pilot plant

19 Thank you for your attention! Contact: J. Krassowski Fraunhofer UMSICHT Osterfelder Str Oberhausen joachim.krassowski@umsicht.fraunhofer.de

20 Gasification SNG production 1. Drying: moisture has to be removed to increase efficiency and reduce the energy input at elevated temperatures in the next step 2. Gasification: Solid dried material is converted to gas via partial oxidation at high temperature. Technologies: fluidized bed, fixed bed and entrained flow gasification Figure: Types of gasification systems Source: Hayne Stefan: Process Integration Opportunities for Synthetic Natural Gas

21 3. Gas cleaning: gasification product gas contains CO, H2, CO2, CH4 and some impurities (e.g. dust, TEER); non desired substances must be removed 4. Methanation: To increase methane content, a catalytic reaction between CO and H 2 takes place, and methane and water are obtained Desired ratio for methanation: H 2 /CO = 3 Previous step CO conversion : CO + H 2 O H 2 + CO 2 H OR =-41.2 KJ/mol Main step Stoichiometric Methanation : CO + 3H 2 CH 4 + H 2 O H OR = KJ/mol Figure : Isothermal fluidized bed methanation Source: Hayne Stefan: Process Integration Opportunities for Synthetic Natural Gas

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