ENVH Exposure Controls

Transcription

1 Revised ENVH Exposure Controls Meets: Mon/Wed 1:30-3:30, HSB room T530 3 or 4 Credits; +1 credit expanded content section on Local Exhaust Ventilation, 2:30-3:30 Wed Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Box Office: F-225 HSB Hours: Wednesdays 3:30-4:30 or by appointment airion@u.wahsington.edu Phone Class Web Site: Course Description This course presents the engineering principles of selecting and designing exposure controls to protect people from chemical physical and biological agents. The course is intended for graduate students in exposure assessment, occupational health, engineering, and environmental health. The class is broadly organized around modules on the concepts of source controls, pathway controls and receptor controls. A series of case study exercises by members of the class is designed to illustrate the application of exposure control techniques in real situations, and integrate the various approaches from the lecture material. An extended content session (1hr/week, 1 credit) provides in-depth material related to the use of local exhaust ventilation (LEV) for source control in occupational settings. This session expands content on hood selection, and includes new material on duct system design, air cleaners and fan selection necessary for workplace ventilation. Extensive use of computer design methods and a final design project are required for the extended content section. Students in the regular section (3 credits) receive instruction in the applications of local exhaust hoods for source control, but not in the design of LEV systems.

2 Date Module: lecture Topic Readings 1/04 SC: Hazard Ranking & Hierarchy of Controls Woodside Ch 3 1/09 SC: Regulatory mandates & requirements Woodside Ch 1,2 McD Ch 3,4 1/11 SC: Chemical / material safety management Woodside Ch 7 1/16 Holiday 1/18 Snow day. 1/23 SC: chemical and biological agents Woodside Ch 5 1/25 Case study(1): Times Beach MO; Spray buffers in CA 1/30 PC: Dilution ventilation - theory, applications to confined spaces McDermott Ch 2,5,6;IVCh1 2/01* Case Study (2): Confined spaces 2/06 PC: HVAC, thermal comfort, IAQ & plenum systems McDermott Ch 12 2/08* SC: Hoods and LEV- essential pressure and flow relationships Woodside Ch17 2/13 SC: Hood design and entry effects (Croteau?) (Problem set 1) Woodside Ch17 2/15* PC: Airflow Measurements & troubleshooting (ROOSEVELT) Woodside Ch 12, 13, IV5.13 2/20 Holiday [Take-home midterm] 2/22* RC: chemical protective clothing selection Woodside Ch16 2/27 RC: Respirator selection and uses (Problem Set 2) PPE/RP Guide 2/29* Case study(3) Respirator fit testing (Students) PPE/RP Guide 3/05 RC: Protective measures for physical hazards Woodside Ch18, 19, 20 3/07* Case Study (4): Controls in health care / Biotech (Students) Woodside Ch 9, 10, 11 3/12 Case Study (5): Erecycling hazardous waste controls (Students) Case Study (6): (Students) 3/14* Monday, March 14, 2:30-4:20 pm [Take-home exam] Final DUE SC= Source Control, PC=Path Control, RC=Receptor Control *indicates split session PC: IAQ: Building ventilation systems / zone isolation strategies IV Ch. 9, BREH Ch 6, 8 Date Special Ventilation Controls Section Topics Readings 1/04 Fluid Mechanics primer: density, viscosity, fluid dynamics IV Ch. 7 1/11 Fluid Mechanics primer McDermott Ch 8; IV Ch 5 1/18 Snow day. 1/25 The Bernoulli equation. 2/01 Local Exhaust System Design, Single branch Systems McDermott Ch. 9, 7, 13 2/08 Local Exhaust System Design, Multiple Branch Systems IV Ch. 4, 6 2/15 Airflow Measurements & troubleshooting (ROOSEVELT) * IV Sec /22 Vent design by Computer Design handout 2/29 Fan Selection - Fan laws Air cleaner selection 3/07 Review

3 Class Books 1. Environmental, Safety, and Health Engineering by G. Woodside, D. Kocurek, New York, John Wiley 2. McDermot H, Ventilation for Contamination Control ACGIH Publications Industrial Ventilation Handbook, ACGIH 25th Ed. 3. Biological Risk Engineering Handbook (BREH): Infection Control and Decontamination, Martha Boss Assignments and grading Weekly reading assignments will be announced in class. There will be 1 or 2 problem sets or other material (typically one before and one after the midterm), counting for about 30% of the grade. The midterm will count for about 30% of the total and the final exam / class project 40%. Course Learning objectives At the conclusion of this course, students will be able to: 1. Apply hazard ranking and banding strategies to workplace and environmental exposure scenarios. 2. Name Federal and State regulation authorities and requirements related to human exposures. 3. Describe atmospheric dispersion processes and compute dispersion parameters from sampling data. 4. Apply elementary dispersion modeling concepts to estimate community impacts. 5. Compute exposure estimates for well-mixed rooms involving dilution ventilation and constant inputs. Describe the function of HVAC components used for building ventilation. 6. Describe the role of HVAC in indoor air quality and infection control for health care settings. 7. Measure the flow characteristics of a ventilation system and apply this data for system diagnostics. 8. Select the appropriate type of local exhaust hood for controlling workplace exposures. 9. Describe criteria for selecting chemical or biological protective clothing. 10. Describe criteria for selecting protective equipment for physical agents such as noise of laser light. 11. Describe the criteria for specifying respiratory protection based on appropriate protection factors. 12. List the elements and evaluation of a comprehensive respiratory protection program. 13. Describe the inventory control and chemical hygiene requirements for hazardous materials. 14. List the key elements of a hazardous material management plan. Additional Ventilation Section -- Objectives 15. Compute exposure estimates for a dilution ventilation situation with variable input conditions. 16. Explain principles of fluid mechanics that apply to flow of air or liquids in building ducting and piping systems; describe fluid measurements in terms of pressure drop, flow rate, and velocity. 17. Estimate friction losses for flow through ducts or pipes using standard tables. 18. Design and specify the components of a single-branch local exhaust ventilation system. 19. Design and specify the components of a multiple branch local exhaust ventilation system. 20. Understand the application of fan laws and system effects to local exhaust ventilation systems.

4 Topic Outline Hazard Ranking Strategies & Hierarchy of Controls Environmental contaminants: properties of gases, vapors, aerosols and bio-agents Hazard Banding and Ranking schemes; toxicity and energy scales Exposure Banding and Ranking schemes Examples Regulatory mandates & requirements US EPA and OSHA Acts; health & safety requirements, permitting and discharge Hazcom and right to know Blood borne pathogens regulations Laboratory safety regulations Chemical /Material inventory safety management Reading & interpreting MSDS Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) requirements Bio-safety control plans Chemical, radiological and biological agents Unique properties of biological agents and radiological agents Special handling requirements Permitting and material management Disposal and life cycle concerns. Hoods and LEV- essential pressure and flow relationships Properties of Air Fluid Mechanics continuity Enclosures, Capture hoods, Laboratory and Biological hoods Slot hoods and other hybrids Dilution ventilation - theory, applications to confined spaces Derivation of general dilution equation Steady-state conditions Transient conditions: spills, purging, confined spaces Building ventilation systems / zone isolation strategies HVAC & IAQ building multizone and plenum systems HVAC, thermal comfort, IAQ & plenum systems Regulation of head load and occupant load Recirculation and outdoor air requirements Heating / Cooling diagrams and apparatus Multi-zone modeling of building ventilation Well-mixed box model mass balance model Zone input and removal terms Zone coupling and recirculation Airflow Measurements & troubleshooting (Demo) Pressure devices Gauges, manometers, micrometers Pitot tube, Hot Wire, Vane anemometer Velocity profile in a duct Taking a pitot traverse circular & rectangular

5 Atmospheric dispersion processes Dispersion due to atmospheric mixing Boundary layer effects Meteorology effects; stability and mixing Dispersion modeling to assess community impacts Types of regulatory dispersion models Dispersion model inputs Types of source terms Effect of input variability; sensitivity analysis Example Chemical protective clothing Selection of appropriate gloves boots and other items Permeation and breakthrough properties Testing and evaluation of protective clothing Respirator selection and uses Equipment selection types of respirators and designated uses Service life, decontamination and breakthrough Respirator program evaluation and fit testing Program implementation and requirements Program evaluation and testing Training and certification requirements Protective measures for physical hazards Energy as applied to hazard control Damping and dissipation of energy Advanced Session Topics Fluid Mechanics Primer Newtonian fluids, Viscosity & Reynolds Number Conservation of mass, Conservation of energy Pt2: Bernoulli Equation, formulation of loss terms Fluid mechanics and pressure changes in serial flow Local Exhaust System Design, Simple single branch Systems Parts of the system Requirements for replacement air Ventilation System Design Design goals and assumptions Duct selection and sizing System design & layout Pressure loss calculations System problems Local Exhaust System Design, Multiple Branch Systems Pressure changes across junctions of parallel flow Balancing System Design Problem Group projects

6 Vent Design by Computer Handout: Koshland and Yost article & spreadsheet template "Use of a spreadsheet in the design of an industrial ventilation system" Fan Selection fan laws & air cleaners Fan types, operating curves, fan "laws" Other selection criteria, Installation considerations Air-Cleaners Selection based on contaminant characteristics and permit discharge requirements Particulate removal - physics and types of devices Mist, gas and vapor removal - physics and devices Selection considerations: particle size, temperature, corrosivity, flammability, (etc.) Psychrometrics & non-standard conditions Density correction factor elevation and altitude Density, moisture, temp, pressure and enthaply of air Absolute and relative humidity, ideal saturation process Mixtures and state changes Selected textbooks and study resources Woodside Environmental, Safety, and Health Engineering by Gayle Woodside, Dianna Kocurek, Contains principles of environmental engineering, safety engineering and industrial hygiene/occupational health engineering. ISBN: , New York, John Wiley 1997 (print on demand book) McD McDermott, H Ventilation for Contamination Control ACGIH Publications 2001 Industrial Ventilation, A Manual of Recommended Practice, ACGIH Pub. 25th Ed. Personal Protective Equipment Pocket Guide, Genium Publishing Corporation ISBN: Copyright pages This employee guidebook explains OSHA's personal protective equipment standard and how to comply. It also includes forms employees can use to document their comprehension of their PPE responsibilities. Respirator Pocket Guide Genium Publishing Corporation, ISBN: Copyright pages This guide explains and helps workers understand the importance of regulatory issues, how respirators are designed to handle differing airborne hazards, and details basic equipment use and maintenance. OSHA Publication 3151, Personal Protective Equipment,, 46 pp, (Revised 2004). OSHA publication #3079, Respiratory Protection, 44pp, (Revised 2002) OSHA Small Entity Compliance Guide for Respiratory Protection Standard (CFR ), 149pp