Feasibility Study to Limit the Invasion of Asian Carp into the Upper Mississippi River Basin. Gary Wilken, PE FishPro/Cochran & Wilken, Inc.

Transcription

1 Feasibility Study to Limit the Invasion of Asian Carp into the Upper Mississippi River Basin Gary Wilken, PE FishPro/Cochran & Wilken, Inc.

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3 Project Description Primary Goal Provide an objective analysis on the feasibility and effectiveness of new and available technologies for limiting or stopping the upstream movement of Asian carp into the UMRB

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5 Project Objectives Review of four Asian carp species Document current distribution Overview of risk and species impact Review of potential technology Evaluate technology alternatives

6 Overview of Asian Carp Species Bighead carp Leonard Lovshin Grass carp Leonard Lovshin Silver carp Black carp

7 Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) Photo: Courtesy USGS Observed weight 41 kg (90 lbs) Observed length 150 cm (59 in) Diet consists of mainly of zooplantkon but opportunistic Pelagic Spawners Above 18 o C (64.4 o F) Increase flow rate Can move great distances Difficult to sample

8 Bighead Distribution USGS Nonindigenous Species Database First observed in 1982 (Freeze & Henderson, 1982) Observed in 20 States & Canada

9 Bighead Distribution Cont. Total Fish Caught Monitoring Year Pool #4 Pool #8 Pool #13 Pool #26 Open River Commercial Harvest Data LTRMP Data Total Reported Harvest (Pounds) Pool Num ber B 26C 27 Open River

10 Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Photo: Courtesy Chris Young Observed weight 50 kg (110 lbs) Observed length 102 cm (40 in) Diet consists of zooplantkon while young but opportunistic Pelagic Spawners Above 18 o C (64.4 o F) Increase flow rate Notorious for leaping habit when startled

11 Silver Distribution USGS Nonindigenous Species Database First observed in 1980 (Costa-Pierce, 1992; Pflieger, 2997) Observed in 15 States & Puerto Rico

12 Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) Observed weight 68 kg (150 lbs) Observed length 152 cm (60 in) Diet consists of mollusks and crustaceans but opportunistic Pelagic Spawners Very Destructive

13 Black Carp Distribution USGS Nonindigenous Species Database First observed in Observed in 2 States

14 Grass Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Observed weight 45 kg (99 lbs) Observed length 150 cm (59 in) Diet consists of zooplantkon while young and aquatic vegetation as adults Pelagic Spawners Destructive feeding habits- Waste 50% of the biomass they consume

15 Grass Carp Distribution USGS Nonindigenous Species Database Stocked in early 1960s Observed in 44 States

16 Distribution of Asian Carp In Upper Mississippi Population observed in Pool #17 Species can move great distances in a year Can reach Minnesota/Wisconsin within 2-3 years

17 Impacts of Asian Carp In Upper Mississippi Reduction of resources for native aquatic and wildlife species Predation and displacement of native species Altered Upper Mississippi River Basin ecosystem

18 Risk of Asian Carp In Upper Mississippi High risk of impact with no action Risk Reduced with implementation of integrated strategies

19 Potential Alternatives to Limit the Invasion of Asian Carp Behavioral Barriers: Strobe Lights; Air Bubble Curtains; Acoustic Deterrents; Electrical Barriers, etc. Physical Barriers (Vertical Drops; Rotating and/or Traveling Screens) Management Measures: Regulation; Education; Public Outreach; Habitat; Controlled Harvesting; Attractants; Sterile Male Release; Daughterless Tech; etc.

20 Control Method Behavioral Barriers and Deterrents Type of Alternative Optimum Diversion Efficiency 1 Probable Risk of Failure Strobe Lights ~50-95% Moderate to High: Species and size specific; location & day/night specific; effectiveness varies with time of year (water temperature, flow, etc.) Navigational Impact Construction and/or Implementation Complexity Operational and/or Maintenance Issues None to minimal Moderate: Packaged unit Low: Lamp and power delivery system maintenance Air Bubble Curtain ~50-95% High: Does not work in high water velocity and turbulence None to minimal Moderate: Air piping in varying depths Acoustic Deterrent: Sound Projector Array (SPA) at Lock Entrance ~60-90% Moderate to High : Species and size specific; location & day/night specific; effectiveness varies with time of year (water temperature, flow, etc.) Moderate : Compressor and air line maintenance None to minimal Moderate: Packaged unit Low : Transducer and power delivery system maintenance Public Safety Concerns None None None Probable Cost Range (Installed) $0.5 million to $1.0 million $0.5 million to $1.0 million $1.2 million to $1.4 million Comments Only considered to be appropriate as a lock entrance channel deterrent Only considered to be appropriate as a lock entrance channel deterrent. Not effective under high flow conditions. Potentially feasible as a deterrent for lock entrance channels Acoustic Deterrent: Sound Projector Array (SPA) at Spillway gates ~60-90% Moderate to High: Species and size specific; location & day/night specific; effectiveness varies with time of year (water temperature, flow, etc.) None to minimal Moderate: Packaged unit Low: Transducer and power delivery system maintenance None $8.5 million to $10.5 million Potentially feasible as a deterrent for spillway gate areas opened under full flow conditions Physical Barriers Acoustic Deterrent: Pneumatic Acoustic Bubble Curtain (BAFF) at Lock Entrance Acoustic Deterrent: SPA Based Acoustic Bubble Curtain (SPA/BAFF) at Lock Entrance Hybrid Comb. System (Strobe light/acoustic) Hybrid Comb. System (Str. light/bubble curt.) Electrical Barrier (Main stem or at spillway gates/culverts) Electrical Barrier (Inside Lock) Electrical Deterrent (Lock Channel Entr.) Hyb.Comb. System (Electric Barrier & SPA/BAFF) at Lock Hydrodynamic Louver Screens Vertical Drop (Existing Overflow Spillways) Rotating Drum &/or Traveling Screens, Floating Curtains High Velocity (Point Release) ~60-90% Moderate to High: Species and size specific; location & day/night specific; effectiveness varies with time of year (water temperature, flow, etc.); does not work in high water velocity ~90%+ Moderate to High: Species and size specific; location & day/night specific; effectiveness varies with time of year (water temperature, flow, etc.); does not work in high water velocity; enhances the overall effectiveness of a standard BAFF in areas with intermittent turbulence and barge traffic. ~60-95% Moderate to High: Species and size specific; location & day/night specific; effectiveness varies with time of year (water temperature, flow, etc.) ~60-95% Moderate to High: Species and size specific; location & day/night specific; effectiveness varies with time of year (water temperature, flow, etc.); does not work in high water velocity ~90-99% Moderate: Variable depth for electrical field, silt, maintenance, size dependent ~90-99% Moderate: Variable depth for electrical field, silt, maintenance, size dependent ~90-99% Moderate: Variable depth for electrical field, silt, maintenance, size dependent ~90-99% Moderate: Variable depth for electrical field, silt, maintenance, size dependent None to minimal None to minimal Moderate: Packaged unit; air piping in varying depths Moderate: Packaged unit; air piping in varying depths Low: Transducer and power delivery system maintenance; compressor and air line maintenance Low: Transducer and power delivery system maintenance None to minimal Moderate: Packaged unit Low: Transducer and power delivery system maintenance None to minimal None to minimal None to minimal None to minimal None to minimal Moderate: Packaged unit; air piping in varying depths High: Electrode installation in water High: Electrode installation in water High: Electrode installation in water High: Electrode installation in water ~86-97% High: Fouling problems; species and size specific Significant Moderate : Anchor system in water ~95-100% Low: Site dependent Significant at spillway; Access through locks ~95-100% Low to Medium Significant Impact at locks Unknown; species specific Low: Site dependent None if installed at spillway gates Moderate: Compressor, air line and power delivery system maintenance High Power outages, maintenance, debris, etc. High: Safety High: Safety High: Safety High: Icing and fouling by debris None None None None High: Safety issues; negative Perception High: Safety issues; negative Perception High: Safety issues; negative Perception High: Safety issues; negative Perception Slight to Moderate Site dependent Low Existing Spillway Extreme: Extensive civil works; Cofferdams Site and species dependent High: Icing; Fouling Moderate; debris may clog or damage Varying; not applicable Unknown Site dependent $1.0 million to $1.4 million $1.2 million to $1.6 million $1.6 million to $2.2 million $1.2 million to $2.0 million $15.0 million to $25.0 million $8.0 million to $10.0 million $8.0 million to $10.0 million $9.6 million to $12.2 million $1.0 million to $2.0 million Existing Spillway Varying; not applicable Site dependent 1. Optimum efficiency ranges obtained from existing references in literature for species specific case studies, site specific installations and reported field-test results. Actual diversion efficiencies may vary according to site conditions and species targeted for deterrence. Potentially feasible as a deterrent for lock entrance channels Potentially feasible as a deterrent for lock entrance channels. Enhances the overall effectiveness of a standard BAFF system; SPA component allows utilization of Asian carp specific audiogram. Potentially feasible as a deterrent for lock entrance channels. Combination systems have generally proven to be more effective Potentially feasible as a deterrent for lock entrance channels. Combination systems have generally proven to be more effective Technically feasible for a large main stem river installation. Significant power requirement and public safety concerns. Technically feasible for a large main stem river installation. Significant power requirement and public safety concerns. Technically feasible for a large main stem river installation. Significant power requirement and public safety concerns. Technically feasible for a large main stem river installation. Significant power requirement and public safety concerns. Not a suitable technology due to navigational impact, high maintenance requirement and a tendency to clog with silt and debris Locating a barrier or deterrent system at an existing lock and dam with a high head spillway can provide partial barrier benefits. Physical barrier alternatives not considered to be practical or feasible for the UMR due to magnitude of installation and/or navigational requirements Although potentially retrofitted into an existing lock and dam spillway, swimming capabilities of Asian carp may preclude feasibility

21 Table VI-3. Prioritization and Ratings Matrix for Potential Control Alternatives Control Method Behavioral Barriers and Deterrents Type of Alternative Optimum Diversio n Effic. Prob. of Success Navigat. Impact Constr. and/or Implem. Complex. Oper. and/or Maint. Issues Public Safety Concern s Probable Cost Range (Installed) Impacts to Upstream/ Downstrm. Species Movement Total Rating Points Strobe Lights Air Bubble Curtain Acoustic Deterrent: Sound Projector Array(SPA) at Lock Entrance Physical Barriers Acoustic Deterrent: Sound Projector Array (SPA) at Spillway gates Acoustic Deterrent: Pneumatic Acoustic Bubble Curtain (BAFF) at Lock Entrance Acoustic Deterrent: SPA Based Acoustic Bubble Curtain SPA/BAFF) at Lock Entrance Hybrid Comb. System (Strobe light & acoustic) Hyb.Comb. System (Strobe Light & bubble curtain) Electrical Barrier (Main stem and/or spillway gates & culverts) Electrical Barrier (Inside Lock) Electric Deterrent (Lock Channel Entrance) Hyb.Comb. System (Electric Barrier & SPA/BAFF) at Lock Hydrodynamic Louver Screens Vertical Drop (Existing Overflow Spillways) Rotating Drum &/or Traveling Screens, Floating Curtains High Velocity (Point Release) * 2 *

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23 SPA Acoustic Deterrent (Sound Projector Array) Courtesy of FGS

24 BAFF Acoustic Deterrent (Bio-acoustic Fish Fence) Courtesy of FGS

25 Graduated Field Electrical Barriers Images Courtesy of Smith-Root, Inc.

26 Report Recommendations Education and Public Awareness Research and Monitoring Regulation and Enforcement Management Strategies Barriers and Deterrents

27 Figure V-4. Stop Aquatic Invaders Graphic (courtesy of www. protectyourwaters.net

28 Recommended Deterrents SPA based BAFF acoustical deterrent system downstream of Lock entrance(s) SPA acoustical deterrent system downstream of spillway(s) Constructed/enhanced habitat to attract and concentrate Asian carp for removal

29 Lock and Dam 19

30 Lock and Dam 14

31 Lock and Dam 8

32 Lock and Dam 15

33 Lock and Dam 11

34 Gary Wilken Matt Cochran