Developing high efficiency thin film silicon photovoltaics for the urban environment.
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- Marcus Jennings
- 5 years ago
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1 Developing high efficiency thin film silicon photovoltaics for the urban environment. Bruce Hamilton University of Manchester, UK 1 Energy Security Symposium Qatar 2011
2 Research could impact on energy supply in the medium term Helping to create secure electricity, delivering power at a very local level but also feeding into the urban smart grid Huge potential for large scale manufacture 2 Energy Security Symposium Qatar 2011
3 What are the economics? Why thin film? Why Silicon?... Our research 3 Energy Security Symposium Qatar 2011
4 What are the economics? Why thin film? Why Silicon?... Our research 4 Energy Security Symposium Qatar 2011
5 PV electricity price 2005 PV electricity prices*) compared with typical consumer electricity prices No parity in EU grid parity
6 PV electricity price 2030 PV electricity prices compared with expected consumer electricity prices (+ 1%/yr) *) depreciation 25 yrs, real interest rate 4%, O&M cost 1%/yr, EU parity
7 What are the economics? Why thin film? Why Silicon? 7 Energy Security Symposium Qatar 2011
8 8 Energy Security Symposium Qatar 2011 can look good!
9 Renewables will demand an intelligent distribution system: urban solar mapped onto the smart grid 9 Energy Security Symposium Qatar 2011
10 What are the economics? Why thin film? Why Silicon?... Our research 10 Energy Security Symposium Qatar 2011
11 11 Energy Security Symposium Qatar 2011
12 CdTe/CdS CIGS Organics Issues: efficiency degradation supply sustainability contacts 12 Energy Security Symposium Qatar 2011
13 Deposited thin film Thin film wafer 13 Energy Security Symposium Qatar 2011
14 14 Energy Security Symposium Qatar 2011
15 15 Energy Security Symposium Qatar 2011
16 Conduction band reduces lifetime reduces efficiency High sensitivity deep state spectroscopy: DLTS valence band 16 Energy Security Symposium Qatar 2011
17 Light element passivation Many research issues? Remote H plasma + heat + light Remote H plasma Other light elements? Other fast diffusers? How does the passivation work? 17 Energy Security Symposium Qatar 2011
18 How does defect passivation work? (e.g. H atom passivation) 1: Electronic (the boron acceptor level) Lone electron Missing electron provides the boron acceptor energy level boron Si 18 Energy Security Symposium Qatar 2011
19 At NREL they are studying charge trapping and defects in multicrystalline silicon They image and areas of the cell which are defect rich. Such areas correlate precisely with areas at which heat is generated during cell operation. 19 NREL data with permission Energy Security Symposium Qatar 2011 Energy loss of solar generated electrons is dissipated locally as heat
20 How does defect passivation work? (e.g. H atom passivation) 2: Modification of atomic vibration (local phonons) at point defects? Boron- Oxygen defect We can also passivate such defect in solar silicon and one possibility is that light atoms trap at the defect the and change their vibrational properties reducing their effectiveness as electron capture sites 20 Energy Security Symposium Qatar 2011
21 Summary Solar roofs could impact hugely on secure urban renewable electricity supply Large areas demand thin film technology Silicon supply chain is secure and does NOT degrade As for all thin film technology, efficiency must be improved Defect passivation could be a key process technology for improving thin film Si PV 21 Energy Security Symposium Qatar 2011
22 End 22 Energy Security Symposium Qatar 2011