Environmental Performance of Wood Products. CHEM-E2115 Wood Products: Application and Performance

Transcription

1 Environmental Performance of Wood Products CHEM-E2115 Wood Products: Application and Performance

2 Some words about me Education Bachelor of Engineering (Wood Techn.) from Lahti University of Applied Sciences 2005 Master of Science (Wood Product Techn.) from Technical University of Helsinki (Aalto University) 2009 PhD studies at Aalto University started 2010 : Environmental performance of wood-based products using life cycle assessment Work Researcher at Aalto University 1/2010-8/2015 Product Manager at Mikkeli University of Applied Sciences 10/2015-2/2016 Product Stewardship Manager at Stora Enso Wood Products 3/2016 2

3 Content of presentation A) Environmental performance of products B) Life Cycle Assessment C) Environmental Product Declaration for building products D) Case studies at Aalto university 3

4 Life cycle thinking Life Cycle Thinking is a way of thinking that includes the economic, environmental and social consequences of a product or process over its entire life cycle. Why to manage environmental aspects? Population growth, Resource efficiency, Waste, Air and water pollution, Biodiversity 4

5 Triple Bottom Line (TBL) of Sustainability Social agenda Life cycle thinking Life Cycle Thinking is a way of thinking that includes the economic, environmental and social consequences of a product or process over its entire life cycle. Environmental agenda Economic agenda John Elkington

6 Energy & carbon efficiency EU roadmap 2020 EU targets by % reduction in EU greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels; Raising the share of renewable energy resources to 20%; 20% improvement in the EU's energy efficiency. Targets by 2030: greenhouse gas reduction target of at least 40%, and for renewable energy & energy savings at least 27% Low-carbon economy & Green" growth Smart, sustainable and inclusive growth Tackling the climate and energy challenge contributes to the creation of jobs Carbon capture and storage 6

7 Resource efficiency EU roadmap 2050 A resource efficient Europe Transform Europe's economy into a sustainable one by 2050 Key resources are analysed from a life-cycle and value-chain perspective Nutrition, housing and mobility are the sectors responsible for most environmental impacts; actions in these areas are vital 7

8 Resource efficiency - Waste hierarchy 8

9 Environmental performance of products 9

10 Environmental labels 10

11 Environmental labelling Type I environmental labelling Eco labeling ISO Type II environmental labelling and declarations Self-declared environmental claims ISO Type III environmental declarations Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) ISO EN

12 Footprints Carbon footprint Sum of greenhouse gas emissions, kg CO 2 equivalent Normally include stages from raw material supply until manufacturing of product (cradle to gate) ISO/TS Water footprint ISO Product Environmental Footprint - PEF Environmental product claim by EC Carbon handprint Shows the positive impact 12

13 Environmental performance appearance 13

14 Life cycle assessment LCA 14

15 Life cycle Source: CEI-Bois, Tackle Climate Change: Use wood,

16 Service life of a product Tissue 1 day News paper Packaging Book Car Window Wooden building element 50 years 16

17 Life cycle assessment Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a comprehensive life cycle approach that quantifies ecological and human health impacts of a product or system over its complete life cycle. LCA uses credible scientific methods to model steady-state, global environmental and human health impacts. LCA helps decision makers understand the scale of many environmental and human health impacts of competing products, services, policies or actions. 17

18 Life cycle assessment ISO Environmental management Life cycle assessment Principles and framework ISO Environmental management Life cycle assessment Requirements and guidelines Goal and scope definition Inventory analysis Interpretation Applications: - Product development & improvement - Strategic planning - Policy making - Marketing - Monitoring Impact assessment 18

19 Goal and scope definition Product system Product/Process/Service Company/Community System boundary Product system Functional unit m 3 kg one piece Forest Log Production Mainproduct Construction / Maintenance Use Deconstruction Sorting Data needed System boundary By-products Re-use Limitations/Assumptions LCIA methods Harvesting residuals Bioenergy Bioenergy Recycling Interpretation 19

20 Inventory analysis Cradle to Gate assessment Raw materials Transportation Products INPUT Electricity Heat Production By-products Wastes OUTPUT Water Emissions to Air Water Soil 20

21 Impact assessment Common indicators Global Impacts Global Warming Ozone Depletion Resource Depletion Regional Impacts Acidification Photochemical Smog Local Impacts Human Healt Toxicities Eutrophication Land Use Water Use 21

22 Interpretation Are goals fulfilled? Critical review 22

23 Environmental product declaration for building products 23

24 Standard for building products environmental product declarations EN Environmental product declarations Core rules for product category of building products EN Environmental product declarations - Product category rules for wood and wood-based products for use in construction EN Calculation of sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide PROUDUCTION ASSEMBLY USE END-OF-LIFE - Raw material preparation - Transportation of raw materials - Production - Waste processing - Transportation - Assembly of product - Maintanance - Repair - Product disassembly & sorting for reuse/ recycling/ incineration - Transportation - Waste processing 24

25 Life cycle modules A1-3 A4-5 B C D PRODUCTION CONSTRUCTION USE END-OF-LIFE ADDITIONAL A1 Raw material supply A2 Transport to factory A4 Transport to site A5 Construction work B1 Use B2 Maintenance B5 Refurbishment B6 Operational energy use C1 Deconstruction C2 Transport Benefits and loads beyond system boundary A3 Manufacturing B3 Repair B7 Operational water use C3 Waste processing B4 Replacement C4 Disposal 25

26 Types of an Environmental Product Declaration A1-3 A4-5 B C D PRODUCTION CONSTRUCTION USE END-OF-LIFE ADDITIONAL A1 Raw material supply A2 Transport to factory A4 Transport to site A5 Construction work B1 Use B2 Maintenance B5 Refurbishment B6 Operational energy use C1 Deconstruction C2 Transport Benefits and loads beyond system boundary A3 Manufacturing B3 Repair B7 Operational water use C3 Waste processing B4 Replacement C4 Disposal Cradle to gate Coverage of an EPD Cradle to gate with options Cradle 26 to grave 12/5/

27 Reporting Use of natural resources Parameter Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials Total use of renewable primary energy resources Use of non renewable primary energy excluding non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials Total use of non renewable primary energy resources Use of secondary material Use of renewable secondary fuels Use of non renewable secondary fuels Unit MJ, net calorific value MJ, net calorific value MJ, net calorific value MJ, net calorific value MJ, net calorific value MJ, net calorific value kg MJ, net calorific value MJ, net calorific value Net use of fresh water m 3 27

28 Reporting Impact assessment Impact category Parameter Unit Global warming Global warming potential (GWP) kg CO 2 equiv. Ozone depletion Acidification for soil and water Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer, ODP Acidification potential of soil and water, AP kg CFC 11 equiv. kg SO 2 equiv. Eutrophication Eutrophication potential, EP kg (PO 4 ) 3 equiv. Photochemical ozone creation Depletion of abiotic resources-elements Depletion of abiotic resources-fossil fuels Formation potential of tropospheric ozone, POCP Abiotic depletion potential (ADP-elements) for non fossil resources Abiotic depletion potential (ADP-fossil fuels) for fossil resources kg Ethene equiv. kg Sb equiv. MJ, net calorific value 28

29 Reporting Waste categories and output flows Parameter Hazardous waste disposed Non hazardous waste disposed Radioactive waste disposed Unit kg kg kg Parameter Components for re-use Materials for recycling Materials for energy recovery Exported energy Unit kg kg kg MJ per energy carrier 29

30 EPD a harmonized method to communicate building products environmental maters 30

31 Wood as a raw material 31 28/3/2018

32 Carbon sequestration through photosynthesis Solar light 6CO 2 C 6 H O 2 6H 2 O 32

33 Wood as a raw material Biogenic carbon storage kg CO 2 -equiv. Substituting other materials Fossil based Non-renewable Possible to recycle and reuse Energy feedstock Lower heat value for wood: 18,3 20,0 MJ/kg (dry wood) 33

34 Questions?

35 Literature Guinee, Jeroen B., 2002, Handbook of Life Cycle Assessment : Operation Guide to ISO Standards, Kluwer Academic Publishers Klöpffer Walter & Grahl Birgit (Editors) (2014) Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): A Guide to Best Practice, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co ILCD handbook Institute for Environment and Sustainability in the European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Baumann H. and Tillman A.-M. (2014) The Hitch Hiker s Guide to LCA. Studentlitteratur, Lund, Sweden. 35