NHDES Beach Inspection Program and Cyanobacteria Monitoring Efforts. Amanda McQuaid Beach Program Coordinator NH Lakes Congress June 1, 2018

Transcription

1 NHDES Beach Inspection Program and Cyanobacteria Monitoring Efforts Amanda McQuaid Beach Program Coordinator NH Lakes Congress June 1, 2018

2 Mont

3 > 70,000 cells/ml

4 Beach Advisories and Lake Warnings will be Posted on our Map

5 Warnings are typically only issued during the swim season, between Memorial Day and Labor Day. Sometimes extended when warm weather and blooms are occurring into Fall. Lakes are resampled about every week during an advisory until the bloom has consistently cleared up and cyanobacteria concentrations are below the state threshold of ~70,000 cells/ml.

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8 Microcystis cyanobacteria Microcystins cyanotoxin Cyanotoxins Packaged in each cell Behave differently (acute vs. chronic effects) Regulated by directly and indirectly by genes, nutrients, water chemistry, etc.

9 Common Cyanobacteria Genera of New Hampshire Typical Form Observed Associated or Known Toxins Anabaena/Dolichospermum Filaments Microcystins, Anatoxin a, Anatoxin a (S), Saxitoxins, Cylindrospermopsin Anabaenopsis Filaments Microcystins Aphanizomenon Rafts of Filaments Anatoxin a, Anatoxin a (S), Saxitoxins, Possibly Microcystins Aphanocapsa/Aphanothece Colonies or Single Cells Microcystins Coelosphaerium Colonies Microcystins Chroococcus/Gloeocapsa Colonies Possibly Microcystins Gloeotrichia Macroscopic Colonies Microcystins Lyngbya/Phormidium Benthic Filaments Microcystins, Lyngbyatoxins, Anatoxin a Merismopedia Rafts of Colonies Microcystins Microcystis Variations of Colonies Microcystins, Anatoxin a Nostoc Macroscopic Colonies Microcystins, Nodularins Oscillatoria/Planktothrix Filaments Microcystins, Cylindrospermopsin Spirulina Filaments Microcystins Synechococcus/Synechocystis Single Cells, Rarely Microcystins and Saxitoxins Colonial Woronichinia Dense Colonies Microcystins Notes: some genera grouped here have variations in their taxonomic name or are similar in morphology. species may vary significantly. This is not a complete list of the cyanobacteria. more than one type of cyanobacteria and toxin may exist in a typical bloom. microcystins are the most common cyanotoxin in NH and New England. associated toxins are typical and not guaranteed as research evolves. some toxins are turned on by genetic regulations. toxins tests are also available for nodularins, commonly produced by marine/brackish cyanobacterium called Nodularia (uncommon to New England). BMAA, DAB toxins (neurotoxins) have been associated with nearly all cyanobacteria. dermal toxins, causing rashes on skin can occur with most cyanobacteria.

10 Cyanotoxin Microcystins (nearly 100 variants) Nodularins (similar in structure to microcystins) Anatoxin a Anatoxin a (S) Saxitoxins Cylindrospermopsins Lyngbyatoxins BMAA/DAB Mode of action and/ or symptoms Hepatotoxic, targets the liver and digestive organs, tumor promoting, inhibition of protein phosphatases. Acute gastroenteritis, chronic tumor promotion. Similar to microcystins, but not as toxic and common in brackish or marine systems. Neurotoxic, inhibits acetylcholine receptors (neurotransmitter). Fast acting and may cause seizures or death (i.e. common for dogs or others animals to ingest and die). Neurotoxic, similar to anatoxin a (S) Neurotoxic, blocking voltage gate of sodium ion channels. More common to marine organisms. Toxic to multiple organs, neurotoxic and genotoxic, affecting neurons and genes. Tumor promotion Neurotoxic, chronic exposure may be linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS. (Though individuals may have a genetic precursor). Notes: dermal toxins, causing rashes on skin and can occur with most cyanobacteria. Usually depends on the individual in contact. synergistic effects of the cyanotoxins may also occur. many of the cyanotoxins cause gastroenteritis like symptoms, while others may cause seizure like or possibly neurodegenerative symptoms. exposure can occur through drinking, food, dietary supplements, inhalation, and/ or by dermal contact and has occurred by haemodialysis (with contaminated water)

11 Water Quality Standards EPA expects to have a final guidance document in summer 2018 for cyanobacteria toxins WHO 2015 EPA WHO and EPA Guidelines for Exposure to Toxic Cyanobacteria Probability of Acute Health Effects WHO Recreational Exposure Guidelines Cyanobacteria Microcystin LR (cells/ml) (μg/l) Low <20,000 <10 <10 Moderate 20, , High 100,000 10,000, , ,000 Very High > 10,000,000 >2,000 >5,000 Chlorophyll a (μg/l) Provisional Health Based Water Guideline Values for four Cyanotoxins (ppb or μg/l) Exposure Anatoxin a Cylindrospermopsin Microcystins Saxitoxins Drinking water Adults (age 6 and older) Drinking water Children (age 5 and younger) Non drinking uses (recreation) PC? Draft EPA Recommended Values for Recreational Criteria and Swimming Advisories for Cyanotoxins Microcystins Cylindrospermopsin 4 μg/l a,b 8 μg/l a,b a.) Swimming Advisory: not to be exceeded on any day b) Recreational Criteria for Waterbody Impairment: not exceeding more than 10 percent of days per recreational season up to one calendar year EPA

12 BELOW DETECTABLE LIMITS <0.1 ppb All routinely collected samples from NH VLAP were non bloom and below detectable limits for total microcystins using the high sensitivity tests that are recommended for drinking water. Provisional Health Based Water Guideline Values for four Cyanotoxins (ppb or μg/l) Exposure Anatoxin a Cylindrospermopsin Microcystins Saxitoxins Drinking water Adults (age 6 and older) Drinking water Children (age 5 and younger) Non drinking uses (recreation)

13 Anabaena circinalis (Dolichospermum) was the most common type of Cyanobacteria observed by NHDES in 2017 Early in the summer Anabaena dominant Often smells musky, earthy, like dirt cfb.unh.edu Anabaena circinalis (Dolichospermum, new taxonomic nomenclature for Anabaena)

14 Unique Cyanobacteria Gloeotrichia Observed in Lake Winnipesaukee Nostoc Observed in Pawtuckaway Microscopic images: cfb.unh.edu

15 Other bloom complaints Non cyanobacteria Most commonly filamentous green algae such as Mougeotia or Spirogyra Sometimes appear slimy, foamy, bright green yellow Dark mats or clumps can surface Often layered in the sediment along the shoreline Mats have a diverse range of other phytoplankton, protists and sometimes zooplankton mixed within it. images: cfb.unh.edu

16 2017 Previous years were reported only for beaches Lake warnings and beach advisories will be reported earliest reported bloom May 31, 2017 latest reported bloom November 27, 2017 ~175 samples observed by NHDES for cyanobacteria due to complaints 71.4 % percent of samples with confirmed cyanobacteria 125 samples with some cyanobacteria 15.2 % of samples required a lake warning 26 samples with cyanobacteria exceeding 70,000 cells/ml 19 warnings, 2 outside swim season and 5 that were dissipated before lake warning could go out. average length of advisory was 16 days, with 5 days as the shortest and 72 days as the longest # of days for the lake warnings (weekly follow up at the latest).

17 # Confirmed Blooms with Lake Warnings (>70,000 cells/ml) : 19 July & August with the most (by month in 2017) : June: 4 July: 7 August: 8 (3, plus 5 persisting from July) September: 5 October: 3 persisted from September Lake warnings issued at end of September were stopped on October 6 due to end of swim season. November: 2 did not have Lake Warning because outside of extended swim season (October6)

18 Preliminary Results- Some samples need further dilutions... Bloom Samples from 2017 with Positive Results for Microcystins tested by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) Average MCs (ppb or Sample Date ug/l) Turtle Pond, Concord 9/27/ Long Pond TB, Pelham 7/20/ French Pond, Henniker 7/31/ Country Pond Newton TB 9/27/ Sebbins Pond, Bedford 7/26/ Long Pond TB, Pelham 7/17/ Monomonac (Camp), Rindge 7/17/ Country Pond Newton TB 9/18/ Country Pond, Newton 9/17/ Country Pond Boat, Newton 9/27/ Silver Lake Swim, Hollis 7/17/ Silver Lake Swim, Hollis 8/16/

19 Silver Lake, Hollis NH Beach Advisories/Lake Warnings 2017 June 12 and June 19 (removed and reissued) Advisory for Silver Lake State Park Beach (swim) and Boat Launch area. Lake Warning for entire lake because the blooms can disperse around the lake. Prevailing bloom seemed to concentrate near boat launch and possibly pulled towards the outlet (down wind and current effects?) Removed August 24 (only 1 colony observed in sample)

20 Silver Lake, Hollis : June 18, 2017 Some bloom accumulation and decay along shoreline

21 Silver Lake, Hollis : June 20, 2017

22 Persistent Blooms Fish deaths Musty, bloom decay odors

23 Cyanos.org

24 Volunteer Involvement bloomwatch General public No connection to established VM/CBM program Good for tracking blooms Generating awareness cyanomonitoring Best if involved with established VM/CBM program Experienced volunteers Easy to train for sample collection Need an organization for processing/analysis cyanoscope Interested/dedicated individuals University education/research Agencies, water suppliers

25 Province Lake Bloom in November (Anabaena circinalis)

26 NHDES Beach Program: 1. Responds to Bloom complaints (call ) 2. Analyzes samples Microscopic ID Estimated Cell Concentration in Lake Water Developing protocols for enumerating cyanobacteria and toxin testing by ELISA 3. Cyanobacteria Monitoring Collaborative Involving Volunteers (VLAP) and Citizen Scientists 4. Posts advisories and lake warnings for concentrated blooms in effect, public messaging Red advisory signs (on site) Press releases (home page des.nh.gov) Advisory Map (Beach advisory link on home pagedes.nh.gov) BeachMaps.aspx

27 For more information please contact: Amanda McQuaid Beach Program Coordinator Cyanobacteria Hotline: