Application of CHP in Germany. Henning Harke Project Manager Energy Efficiency Renewables Academy AG November 14th, 2017

Transcription

1 Application of CHP in Germany Henning Harke Project Manager Energy Efficiency Renewables Academy AG November 14th, 2017

2 Content 1. Definition 2. Status quo and targets 3. CHP legislation 4. CHP technologies and fuels 5. Application areas of CHP

3 Definition of Combined Heat and Power Cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) is the use of an engine or power station to simultaneously generate electricity and useful heat in a single process.

4 Principle of combined heat and power Fuel CHP Unit Power Heat Combustion Engine / Generator Gas Turbine / Generator Steam Turbine / Generator Fuel Cell ORC Unit, Stirling Engine, Absorption Cooler,

5 CHP and energy efficiency Losses 64 kw 100 kw Fuel Power Plant Electricity 36 kw η el =36% η th =94% η=56% 54 kw Fuel Boiler Heat 51 kw Losses 3 kw Electricity 36 kw 100 kw Fuel CHP η=87% Losses 13 kw Heat 51 kw 5

6 TWh CHP net electricity generation Net electricity generation Source: Statistisches Bundesamt / Öko-Institut / ZSW / EEFA Net heat generation

7 CHP share in relation to net electricity generation 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Share in net electricity generation Adjustable net electricity generation Source: Statistisches Bundesamt / Öko-Institut / Bundesnetzagentur

8 TWh CHP Target in the context of the Energiewende Source: Statistisches Bundesamt / Öko-Institut / ZSW / EEFA

9 CHP bonuses > 2000 kw > kw > kw CHP electricity fed into general supply grid (+0.6 ct. In case of replacement of coal) Electricity supply for end users in customers facility or closed distribution system Electricity costs intensive industry > kw < 50 kw Property supply Source: ASUE ct./kwh

10 Source: ASUE CHP bonuses Category Criteria Delivery period [full load hours] New CHP-Plants 50 kw el 60,000 Modernised CHP- Plants Retrofitted CHP- Plants > 50 kw el 30,000 Modernisation earliest 5 yrs after initial operation or resumption of continuous operation Costs 50 % New plant and start of operation earliest 10 yrs after initial operation or resumption of continuous operation Costs 10 % and 25 % New plant with equal performance and state of the art Costs 25 % and 50 % New plant with equal performace and state of the art Costs 50 % New plant with equal performace and state of the art 15,000 30,000 10,000 15,000 30,000

11 Source: BKWK, Jens Hesselbach (2012) - Energie- und klimaeffiziente Produktion; Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH 2012) CHP - Technologies Type η el CHP Coefficient σ Waste heat temperature level [ C] Fuels Gas Engine % (Bio-) Gas Diesel Engine % (Bio-) Diesel Steam Turbine % Fossil fuels, Renewable heat Gas Turbine % (Bio-) Gas Combined Cycle % < 400 (Bio-) Gas Stirling % < 500 (Bio-) Gas, Wood, Renewable heat Fuel Cells % Gas, Methanol, Hydrogen 11

12 TWh CHP net electricity generation by energy source Coal Lignite Mineral Oils Gas Renewable Energies Others Source: StBA ; AGEE-Stat; BHKW-Umfrage Öko-Institut

13 Share of the energy sources in the net electricity generation 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Coal Lignite Mineral Oils Gas Renewables Others Source: StBA ; AGEE-Stat; BHKW-Umfrage Öko-Institut

14 Source: Öko-Institut CHP segements CHP segement Player Fuels Typical installed power CHP in general supply predominant communal business Gas/Coal (rare wood, waste) Industrial CHP Fossli CHP units Biogenic CHP Industrial companies, rarer ESCOs 1 MW 800 MW 500 kw 300 MW Heat sink District heating Locally / local heating networks (industrial sites) heat utilisation Heating, hot water Process heat, Heating % elec. self consumption Homeowners, Real estate companies, Trade and commerce rarer ESCOs Object supply, Farmers, Minor shares of general supply + industry (e.g. Paper mills) Gas/Coal Gas Biomass, Biogas 1 kw 1MW 50 kw 20 MW ( up to 50 MW in industry) locally / local heating networks (residential) Heating, hot water 3% 84% 60% 5% local, local heating networks Heating, hot water

15 TWh Development of the CHP segements General supply Industrial CHP Fossil Cogneration Units Biogenic CHP Source: StBA ; AGEE-Stat; BHKW-Umfrage Öko-Institut

16 Sector-specific heat demand Coal Mining, Oil/Natural Gas extraction Mining Food and tobacco Textiles Wood Pulp and Paper Refineris Chemicals Rubber and Plastics Glas and ceramics Metal manufacturing Mechanical engineering Automotive engineering Source: RENAC based on Bundesverband Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung e.v. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% < 100 C 100 C C > 500 C

17 TWh CHP Potential in industrial sectors 50 Paper Chemical s Food Metal Engineering Heat supply Heat demand Heat supply Heat demand Heat supply Heat demand Heat supply Heat demand Heat demand < 100 C Heat demand 100 C c Distric heating CHP supply CHP Potential Source: Klobasa, Fraunhofer ISI; Datenbasis: AGE, Destatis

18 TWh CHP Potential in industrial sectors Automotive Mechanical Rubber Glass 15 Engineering Engineering Plastic s Ceramic s Heat supply Heat demand Heat supply Heat demand Heat supply Heat demand Heat supply Heat demand Source: Klobasa, Fraunhofer ISI; Datenbasis: AGE, Destatis Heat demand < 100 C Heat demand 100 C c Distric heating CHP supply CHP Potential

19 Contact Coordination Office German Energy Solutions Initiative +49 (0) / Follow Facilitator Renewables Academy AG Henning Harke +49 (0) Seite 21