List of Figures and Tables

Transcription

1 List of Figures and Tables p. xv Preface p. xvii Acknowledgments p. xix Introduction p. 1 Current Issues p. 1 Bases for Water Resources Decisions p. 3 Historical Perspectives on Water Resources Development p. 4 Evolution of Water Resources Planning p. 6 Scope of the Book p. 7 Study Questions p. 8 Notes p. 9 Hydrologic Fundamentals p. 11 Introduction p. 11 The Hydrologic Cycle and Water Budget p. 12 Hydrologic Cycle p. 12 Water Budget p. 16 Groundwater Systems p. 18 Occurrence p. 18 Permeability p. 19 Optimal Yield p. 22 Groundwater Quality p. 22 Summary p. 22 Study Questions p. 23 Notes p. 23 Water Law p. 25 Riparian Rights p. 26 Prior Appropriation p. 26 Comparison between Riparian and Prior Appropriation Rights p. 30 Groundwater Law p. 30 Federal Reserved Water Rights p. 32 National Parks, Forests, Monuments, and Military Installations p. 32 Indian Water Rights p. 34 Current Issues p. 35 State Surface Water Law p. 35 General Stream Adjudication p. 36 Reallocation of Water Supplies p. 36 Water Banking p. 37 Winters Rights in Groundwater and Off-Reservation Water Marketing p. 37 Study Questions p. 37 Notes p. 38 Federal Water Agencies and Legislation p. 41

2 Organizational Structure p. 41 Federal Legislation p. 43 Water Resources Development Legislation p. 43 Environmental Legislation p. 46 Recent Trends p. 59 Study Questions p. 59 Notes p. 60 State and Local Water Agencies and Legislation p. 63 State Agencies p. 63 Local Agencies p. 64 Florida's Approach p. 64 Legislative History p. 65 Planning p. 71 Florida Water Plan p. 71 Regional and Local Planning p. 73 Save Our Rivers/Save Our Everglades p. 74 Recent Trends p. 76 Study Questions p. 79 Notes p. 80 The Planning Process p. 83 Introduction p. 83 Scope of Planning p. 83 Levels of Planning p. 84 The Planning Process p. 84 Problem Identification p. 85 Data Collection and Analysis p. 86 Goals and Objectives p. 88 Problem Diagnosis p. 90 Formulation of Alternatives p. 90 Analysis of Alternatives p. 91 Evaluation and Recommendations p. 92 Implementation p. 93 Surveillance and Monitoring p. 93 The Rational Planning Model p. 94 Incorporation of Planning in Federal Activity p. 94 The Benefit-Cost Approach p. 94 Problems with the Rational Planning Model p. 94 Technical Adjustments p. 95 Social and Political Adjustments p. 97 Trends in Planning p. 99 Alternative Dispute Resolution p. 100

3 Integrated Water Resources Management p. 101 Adaptive Management p. 107 Obstacles to Planning p. 109 Benefits of Planning p. 111 Study Questions p. 112 Notes p. 113 Economic Analysis p. 117 Introduction p. 117 Principles of Public Investment Analysis p. 118 Demand, Supply, and Production Functions p. 118 Equity versus Efficiency p. 119 Comparisons of Value and Time p. 120 Benefit-Cost Analysis p. 122 Discounting Techniques p. 123 Cash Flow p. 124 Compound-Interest Factors p. 126 Hypothetical Example p. 129 Present-Worth Method p. 131 Rate-of-Return Method p. 132 Benefit-Cost Ratio Method p. 132 Identifying Benefits and Costs p. 133 Limitations and Cautions p. 134 Annual-Cost Method p. 135 Cost Allocation p. 135 Allocation Rules p. 135 Cost Sharing p. 137 Study Questions p. 138 Notes p. 138 Compound Interest Factors p. 140 Water Use and Supply p. 147 Introduction p. 147 The Water Supply "Problem" p. 147 Water Use Concepts p. 148 Water Sources and Supplies p. 149 Trends in Water Use p. 155 Agricultural Use p. 158 Industrial Use p. 160 Public-Supply Use p. 161 Planning for Future Water Use p. 162 Demand p. 162 Supply p. 166

4 Summary and Conclusion p. 172 Study Questions p. 172 Notes p. 173 Water Quality p. 175 Introduction p. 175 Nature's Effects on Water Quality p. 176 Chemical p. 177 Physical p. 177 Biological p. 178 The Hydrologic Cycle and Water Quality p. 178 Measures of Water Quality p. 180 Chemical p. 180 Physical p. 181 Biological p. 182 Groundwater Quality p. 184 Domestic Wastes p. 187 Industrial Wastes p. 188 Agricultural Wastes p. 188 Quality Control p. 189 Water-Land Use Interrelations p. 189 Impacts of Land Use on Water Quality p. 191 Land-Water Interfaces p. 194 Water Quality Planning p. 195 Summary p. 200 Study Questions p. 200 Notes p. 201 Floodplain Management p. 203 Introduction p. 203 Early History p. 203 Twentieth-Century America p. 204 Flooding p. 207 Floodplains p. 207 Streamflow Analysis p. 208 Runoff p. 208 Frequency p. 213 Flood Damage Reduction Measures p. 214 Modifying Susceptibility to Flood Damage p. 216 Modifying Flooding p. 220 Modifying the Impact of Flooding p. 221 Recent Floods p. 223 Conclusion p. 225

5 Postscript p. 226 Study Questions p. 231 Notes p. 231 Stormwater Planning and Management p. 233 Background p. 233 Legal Framework p. 234 Phase I of the NPDES Storm Water Program of 1990 p. 236 Phase II of the NPDES Storm Water Program p. 236 Wet Weather Discharges p. 236 Implementing the Legal Framework p. 237 Stormwater Quality Master Planning p. 241 Best Management Practices (BMPs) p. 242 Structural BMPs p. 245 Nonstructural BMPs p. 250 Conclusion p. 252 Notes p. 252 Models in Water Resources Planning p. 253 Introduction p. 253 Model Types p. 254 Simulation Models p. 255 Optimization Models p. 258 Statistical Techniques p. 261 Regression Models p. 262 Model Selection p. 263 Applications p. 264 Some Current Models p. 264 Water Quality Models p. 267 Groundwater Models p. 268 Stormwater and Watershed Models p. 269 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Water Models p. 270 Examples p. 271 Optimization Models p. 273 Other Model Types p. 274 Recent Trends p. 275 Study Questions p. 276 Notes p. 277 Summary of Selected Water Resources Modeling Applications p. 280 Summary of Water Resources Models p. 284 Executive Summary: Assured Water Supply for the Washington Metropolitan Area p. 307 Other Planning Issues p. 311 Fish and Wildlife p. 311

6 Wetlands p. 314 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers p. 317 Environmental Protection Agency p. 317 Navigation p. 319 Harbors and Ports p. 320 Waterways p. 321 Recreation p. 323 Hydroelectric Power p. 327 Environmental Impacts p. 328 Study Questions p. 331 Notes p. 332 Future Directions p. 333 Introduction p. 333 Economic Issues p. 334 Water Pricing p. 334 Privatization p. 337 Globalization p. 338 National Policy Issues p. 339 Offstream Uses p. 340 Instream Uses p. 340 Institutional Issues p. 342 Global Trends p. 344 Summary p. 345 Study Questions p. 346 Notes p. 347 Information Sources p. 349 USGS p. 350 Water Data Program p. 350 National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) p. 350 Water Data Storage and Retrieval System (WATSTORE) p. 350 National Water Data Exchanges (NAWDEX) p. 351 National Water Use Information Program p. 352 National Water Summary Series p. 352 Hydrologic Data via Satellite p. 353 EPA p. 353 National Ground Water Information Center p. 353 Storage and Retrieval System (STORET) p. 353 Selected Water Resources Websites p. 355 Global p. 355 United Nations Environment Programme p. 355 World Watch Magazine p. 356

7 World Resources Institute p. 356 United States p. 356 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency p. 356 United States Geologic Survey p. 356 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers p. 356 U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation p. 357 National Park Service p. 357 American Water Resources Association p. 357 Florida p. 357 Florida Department of Environmental Protection p. 357 Florida's Five Water Management Districts p. 357 Academic Databases p. 358 Southern Illinois University--Universities Water Information Network p. 358 Arizona p. 358 George Mason University--Potomac River p. 358 University of Texas Center for Research in Water Resources p. 358 University of Florida Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants p. 359 Prentice Hall p. 359 Commissions within the United States p. 359 Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin p. 359 Susquehanna River Basin Commission p. 359 Western Water Policy Review Advisory Commission p. 359 Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission p. 360 Great Lakes Commission p. 360 Tennessee Valley Authority p. 360 Trinity River Authority of Texas p. 360 Delaware River Basin Commission p. 360 Environmental/Water Resources Firms p. 361 Cygnus Group p. 361 Montgomery Watson p. 361 Miscellaneous p. 361 Resources for the Future p. 361 Stormwater News p. 361 The Water Rights Market p. 361 English-Metric Conversion Factors for Common Units p. 363 Bibliography p. 367 Glossary p. 379 Index p. 385 About the Author p. 393 Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.