Pakistan: Punjab Irrigated Agriculture Investment Program, Tranche 2

Transcription

1 Environmental Assessment Report Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Project Number: May 2010 Pakistan: Punjab Irrigated Agriculture Investment Program, Tranche 2 Prepared by the Government of Punjab, Irrigation and Power Department for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The environmental and social impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the Terms of Use section of this website.

2 GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB IRRIGATION & POWER DEPARTMENT PUNJAB IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE INVESTMENT PROGRAM-PIAIP UPDATING FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR REHABILITATION AND UPGRADATION OF SULEIMANKI BARRAGE ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) REPORT May 2010 NESPAK AAB DMC JOINT VENTURE CONSULTANTS FOR PIAIP National Engineering Services Pakistan (Pvt.) Limited AAB (Pvt.) Limited Development and Management Consultants

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION GENERAL BACKGROUND PROJECT OBJECTIVE PORJECT DESCRIPTION PROJECT LOCATION PROJECT AREA OF INFLUENCE REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES APPROACHES ADOPTED FOR THE STUDY... 6 CHAPTER 2: LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATION FRAMEWORK POLICY GENERAL REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS IN PAKISTAN NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY GUIDE LINE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES ENVIRONMENT RELATED STATUTES FIDIC Clauses ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GUIDELINES NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS (NEQS) INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS CHAPTER 3: THE PROJECT HISTORY EXISTING BARRAGE STRUCTURE THE PROBLEM DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT LABOUR CAMP MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS SOURCE OF MATERIAL EQUIPMENT AND MACHINERY YARD CHAPTER 4: BASE LINE CONDITION GENERAL PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT NESPAK-AAB-DMC i

4 4.3 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT SOCIO ECONOMIC CONDITIONS CHAPTER 5: STUDY OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES NO PROJECT OPTION (WORST CASE SCENARIO OPTION) ADDITION OF NEW BAYS OPTION 2: PROVISION OF FUSEPLUG WEIR AND FLOOD BYPASS CHANNEL (SELECTED OPTION FOR DETAIL DESIGN) CHAPTER 6: IMPACT ASSESSMENT, MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES POTENTIAL IMPACT SOURCES IMPACTS AND MITIGATIION MEASURES ASSOCIATED WITH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING DESIGN PHASE IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE OPERATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT (O&M) PHASE CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN MITIGATION PLAN MITIGATION OF ADVERSE IMPACTS AT DESIGN PHASE MITIGATION ADVERSE IMPACT AT CONSTRUCTION PHASE MONITORING PLAN INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT CHANGE MANAGEMENT COMMUNICATION AND DOCUMENTATION WASTE DISPOSAL PLAN ILLUSTRATED TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT OUTLINE OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND CONTINGENCY PLAN HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENT (HSE) PLAN TREE PLANTATION BORROW AREAS RESTORATION LAND ACQUISITION PROCEDURE RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN TRAINING PLAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COST CONCLUSION..199 CHAPTER 8: PUBLIC CONSULTATION GENERAL LEGAL REQUIREMENT FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION CONSULTATION METHODOLOGY NESPAK-AAB-DMC ii

5 8.4 OBJECTIVES ACHIEVED WITH THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION CONSULTATION AND DISCUSSION DURING IMPLEMENTATION APPENDICES Appendix 2.1 Appendix 3.1 Appendix 4.1 Appendix 4.2 National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) Construction Schedule Sampling Procedure and Test Results Water Quality Guidelines and Standards NESPAK-AAB-DMC iii

6 List of Figures Figure-1.1: Figure-1.2 Figure-1.3: Figure-3.1: Figure-4.1: Figure-4.2: Figure-4.3: Figure-7.1: Project Location Map Overall Environment Study Area Map Suleimanki Barrage Environment Study Area Map Project Layout of Selected Works Scheme Seismic Zoning Map of Pakistan Flood Plan near Suleimanki Barrage Tree Count Falling in Proposed Flood Bypass Channel Map Proposed Traffic Management Map Table-2.1: Table-2.2: Table-2.3: Table-3.1: Table-4.1: Table-4.2: Table-4.3: Table-4.4: Table-4.5: Table-4.6 Table-4.7: Table-4.8: Table-4.9: Table-4.10: Table-4.11: Table-4.12: Table-4.13: Table-4.14: Table-4.15: Table-4.16: Table-4.17: Table-4.18: Table-4.19: Table-6.1: List of Tables Effluent Discharge Standards Applicable to the Works Gaseous Emission Levels Noise Emission Levels Source of Raw Material Surface Salinity Statistics Average River Flows Upstream of the Sulemanki Barrage (MAF Peak Discharge of Prominent Years in River Sutlej at Suleimanki Barrage Laboratory Analysis Report of Surface Water Samples Laboratory Analysis Report of Surface Water Samples (FAO limits Groundwater Test Results Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Purpose Shallow Ground Water Quality within Canal Command Areas Settlement Structure Religion Languages Demographic Characteristics Age Distribution of Sample Respondents by household Categories Households Distribution According to Caste Education Level of Sample Population Occupation Habitation Source of Drinking Water Source of Light Project Evaluation of Environmental Impacts NESPAK-AAB-DMC iv

7 Table-7.1: Table-7.2: Table-7.3: Table-8.1: Table-8.2: Plate 4.1: Plate 4.2: Plate 4.3: Plate 4.4: Plate 4.5: Plate 4.6: Plate 4.7: Plate 4.8: Plate 4.9: Plate 5.1 Plate 5.2 Traffic Survey Conducted at Suleimanki Barrage Environmental Monitoring Plan for the Construction Phase Environment & Management Cost Employment Opportunity at Suleimanki Barrage Rehabilitation Work Public Consultation List of Plates A view of Female Participation in Household Relating Task A view of females participation for livestock activities A view of Kacha Affected House Right Side Divide Wall and Fish Ladder Upstream Left Side Divide Wall and Fish Ladder Upstream Fazillka Drain entering Barrage Pond from India Bela Developed in Left Pocket of Pond Area Consultation with Wildlife Staff at Wildlife Public Park Consultation with Fishing Department at Suleimanki Barrage Collected During the Consultation with Wildlife Staff Collected During the Consultation with Fishery Staff NESPAK-AAB-DMC v

8 List of Abbreviation ADB amsl AOI BOD BC CCA CMS COD COSHH DC EC EIA EMMP EMP EPA EPAs ESIA FAO GCA GoP IPD LMB LRE IEE IWT M&E NCS NEQS NOC O&M P&D PEPA PEPC Asian Development Bank Above Mean Sea Level Area of Influence Biological Oxygen Demand Before Construction Cultivable Command Area Conservation of Migratory Species Chemical Oxygen Demand Control of Substances Hazardous to Health During Construction Electrical Conductivity Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Management & Monitoring Plan Environmental Management Plan Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Protection Agencies Food and Agriculture Organization Gross Cultivated Area Government of Punjab Irrigation and Power Department Left Marginal Bund Left Retaining Embankment Initial Environmental Examination Indus Water Treaty Monitoring and Evaluation National Conservation Strategy National Environmental Quality Standards No-Objection Certificate Operation and Maintenance Planning and Development Department Pakistan Environmental Protection Act Pakistan Environmental Protections Council NESPAK-AAB-DMC vi

9 PMO PPC PPE RSC RD RMB RRE SAR SCARP SEMU SFA SMO SOP SSOP TDS US-EPA WAPDA WHO WWF Project Management Office Pakistan Penal Code Personal Protective Equipment Residual Sodium Carbonate Reduced Distance Right Marginal Bund Right Retaining Embankment Sodium Adsorption Ratio Salinity Control and Reclamation Project Social & Environmental Management Unit Social Frame Work Agreement SCARPS Monitoring Organization Survey of Pakistan Soil Survey of Pakistan Total Dissolved Solids United States Environmental Protection Agency Water and Power Development Authority World Health Organization Worldwide Fund for Nature NESPAK-AAB-DMC vii

10 UNITS AND CONVERSION FACTORS Length 1 inch = 25.4 millimeters 1 meter = ft 1 mile = 1609 meters = 1760 yards = 5280 ft Area 1 sq. m = sq. ft = sq. yd 1 hectares = 2.47 Acres = 10,000 sq. m 1 sq. km = 100 hectares Volume 1 US wet gallon = imperial gallon = liters 1 US dry gallon = imperial gallon = liters 1 cu. meters = cu. ft NESPAK-AAB-DMC viii

11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY S-1 Introduction Government of Punjab is planning to undertake the rehabilitation of Punjab Barrages and improvement and modernization of the irrigation and water management system in the Punjab Province which involve the rehabilitation and up-gradation of the Sulemanki Barrage. Governemnt of Punjab is looking for ADB fund for ulemanki Barrage Rehabilitation & Upgradation work. The study of the proposed project has been carried out in compliance with Pakistan statutary requirement and Asian Bank Environment Policy. Suleimanki Barrage was constructed on Sutlej River during under the Sutlej Valley Project (SVP). The barrage was designed for 325,000 cusecs discharge. The barrage is located about 20km (12miles) from Haveli Lakha Town, Tahsil Depalpur, District Okara. The barrage is about 150km (94miles) from Lahore, the capital of Punjab Province and about 450km (281miles) from Islamabad, the federal capital. It is situated on Sutlej River 112km (70miles) downstream of Ferozpur Barrage and 184km (115miles) upstream of Islam Barrage. Three irrigation canals Pakpattan, Fordwah and Eastern Sadiqia Canals are fed from this barrage. The total canal command area of all the three canals is 2.5 million acres, which is 9.25% of the total irrigated area of Punjab (27 million acres). The total canals command area spread over the six districts of Punjab Province Bahawalpour, Bahawalnagur, Okara, Pakpattan, Vehari and Lodhran. Thus this barrage has considerable contributions in the agricultural production of Punjab. In 1960, under the agreement of Indus Water Treaty, India was given the rights of three eastern rivers water of Ravi, Sutlej and Beas. Consequently upon the construction of dams and barrages on river Sutlej and Beas; the discharge in Sutlej was reduced significantly. Ferozepur Barrage on Sutlej River lies in India just before the river enters Pakistan. India diverts almost all the river water from this barrage to its own irrigation system and the river reach at Suleimanki in Pakistan is perpetually bone dry for about 10 months of the year. In order to feed the three canals that off-take from Suleimanki Barrage inter river link canal Baloki-Suleimanki Link (B.S Link) was constructed with an initial discharge capacity of 15,800 cusecs for delivery into Sutlej River upstream of Suleimanki Barrage. The BS Link was later remodeled a few times to the current discharge capacity of cusecs. NESPAK-AAB-DMC ES-1

12 Ever since its construction, the structure of Suleimanki Barrage has suffered heavily from flooding during the monsoon periods. The barrage is about 84 years old now and aging process together with inadequate/deferred maintenance has also contributed towards general deterioration of the different components of the Barrage. Irrigation & Power Department (IPD) engaged National Development Consultants (NDC) in June 1998 for the safety evaluation of Suleimanki Barrage. The study recommended that rehabilitation of the barrage be undertaken to ensure safe operation of the barrage. Based on these recommendations, a Feasibility Study for Rehabilitation & Modernization of the barrage was conducted and prepared in May This study is carried out on the basis of the up-dating of feasibility and detail design of the project. The report updating the previous EIA report and also address the additional impacts identified during the up-dating feasibility and detail design of Sulemanki Barrage R&U. In 2009 with the funding from Asian Development Bank (ADB), the IPD initiated a project Punjab Irrigated Agriculture Investment Program (PIAIP). The consultancy of the project was awarded to a joint venture of NESPAK, AAB and DMC. One component of PIAIP is updating of the Feasibility Study and detailed design for the Rehabilitation and Up-gradation of Suleimanki Barrage. S-2 Legal and Administration Framework Policy The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (1997) makes it manadatory the project proponent to undertake (Initial Environmental Examination) IEE or Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). For this project it is manadator to prepare and obtain approval of EIA from EPA under Pak-EPA The ADB s Safegaurad Policies also required that Environmental and Social assessment to be conducted for the project which could have potentially adverse impacts. Under ADB Environment Policy, projects are to be categorized in to the three environmental categories; A, B and C according to significance of the adverse environmental impacts. This Project has been judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for category A projects. B category is applicable in case of projects with localized and mitigable impacts. Sulemanki Barrage is not a new mega scale project. It is a rehabilitation and repair of an already existing structure without causing change even in storage of water behind the barrage. All impacts shall be local, limited and mitigable. Such projects according to ADB require an IEE only but the EPA of Pakistan requires such class B projects to have an EIA. Since the project has to be cleared by EPA NESPAK-AAB-DMC ES-2

13 under Environmental Act of 1997, an EIA shall have to be produced for a B category projects to fulfill the local legal requirement. This makes it more responsive to ADB Safeguards of category A, which by all means is a superior response to ADB Safeguards. S-3 Project Details and Alternatives The studies of structural and mechanical components of the Barrage have envisaged some structural and hydrological problem together with mechanical defects. If not corrected, the consequances could be devestrated with the consequent risk of the faliur of the whole system. Such a faliur could have catastrophic effect on the economy of the farming community in the command area, result in changes of morphology of the Sutlej River resulting into inundation and significant erosion of agriculture land. The scope of work will include but not be limited to repair the barrage structure including barrage floor as well as floor extension, enhancing the barrage discharge capacity, replacement of road bridge deck across the barrage, repair/replacement of regulation gates gearing and hoisting devices, modernization of barrage structure, installation of new vibrating wire piezometers and physical removal of the shoals (bela) in the pond area, which is masking the left half of the barrage. In order to improve the barrage resistance against the uncontrolled breaches, the embankments will be strengthened leaving adequate free board against 100 year flood. The bela upstream of the pond area will be partially trimmed to restore the approach conditions and the capacity of the barrage pond. Upstream and downstream floor of the barrage will be inspected and necessary repair works will be carried out. In addition, the substrata and voids underneath the floors will be grouted under pressure. Existing Public Park along the downstream right guide bank will be further developed under this project. It is also concluded that the barrage capacity is approximately 100,000 cusecs less than the 100 year return period flood. Two options have been considered to handle the 100 year flood at Suleimanki Barrage; Option 1: Addition of six (6) new bays along the right flank of the barrage to increase the barrage discharge capacity. Option 2: Provision of a spill channel with a spillway and fuse plug guarded spill weir at RMB, a road bridge across the spill channel for Haveli Lakha-Sulemanki Road, level crossing at Pakpattant Canal. NESPAK-AAB-DMC ES-3

14 Neither of these options has any significant or permanent adverse environmental impact and both options qualify for execution from the environmental point of view. However, option 1 was rejected on technical basis and option 2 has been recommended in the updating feasibility study for detailed design and implementation. The project construction acitivities will be completed in three years in such a way that the river flows will not intrupted in the construction phase. The canal gate repair work will be undertaken during annual 3 weeks canal closure period. Alternative arrangement will be provided at Pakpattan Canal during the construction of spillway to maintain the canal supply. Therefore no extended canal closure will require for the project. S-4 Environmental Baseline Condition Baseline Conditions of the project area have been established through the data collected from the field and unstructured interaction with the local community and officials from varies department. Previous studies (secondary data) have also used in the development of the baseline. The report covers the prevailing physical, biological and social environmt of the area. The information utilized for the EIA obtained by using GIS technology, stakeholder consultation including Wildlife, Fishery Department etc field visits carried out by the environment team and laboratory based testing of the physical environmental parameters. The objectives of the these consultation were to explaine the project intervention and their potentioal impacts to the local people and also share the mitigation measures with the local community and to promote among these communities a genral good will towards the project. The IPD land available in the close vicinity of the Project site would be utilized for Contractor s facilities and consultant s offices and residences. The river water is mainly used for agricultural purpose. Groundwater is the major source of drinking water for the local community. It is very important to protect the water sources during the construction phase from accidental spills of diesel or any chemical, as any spill could percolate to the groundwater through the sandy stratum at site. Surface water testing at the barrage indicates that the river water does not meet the WHO standards and is not fit for human consumption. But the water does meet the NEQS level and FAO standards for agriculture purposes and fit for irrigation and recreational purpose. Groundwater samples were collected and tested from the existing hand pump at the barrage and found unsatisfactory for drinking. It is concluded from the test results that if the groundwater is to be used for the water supply in the Labour Camp then it is the responsibility of the Contractor to abstract water from sufficient depth and confirm that it meets the WHO standards. NESPAK-AAB-DMC ES-4

15 It was found from ambient air quality monitoring that air is reasonably clean at present as all the monitored parameters are within the limits of NEQS level. The climate of the area is arid characterized by long hot summer and short mild winter. Wind speed varies significantly over the year. Peak values were recorded during May during year The typical wind direction is south to north in most of the part of the year. The barrage pond area provides the habitat of water fowl and many migrating birds visit the site during winter, while the left guide bank is a habitat of mammals including blue bull, hog dear and local birds e.g. peacock and partridge. Fish ladders are provided along both the divide walls at Suleimanki Barrage. Both the fish ladders are in working condition. However there is significant amount of vegetation and silt deposit found at the upstream end of the fish ladders, which obstructs the fish movement and need to be removed. The Socio Economic Survey was conducted with the objectives to assess prevailing socioeconomic conditions of the related communities and to predict the effects of the proposed different alternatives of rehabilitation works. Simple Random Sampling Technique was used to draw representative sample. The average household size is 6.3 and the sex ratio (female: male) is 100:107. There are 5 Primary, 2 Middle and 1 High School for boys, 4 Primary, 1 Middle School and 1 High School for girls found in the area. The average literacy level of the area is 47%. It was found that 77% of the household engaged in agriculture. It was found that 100% of the respondent speak Punjabi language and carry Islam as a religion. The major castes of the area are Maher and Watto. Rice, Wheat and Cotton are the most popular crops cultivated in the study area. Females participation for the betterment of the family is more as compared with the males. In fact, rural women in the study area work 14 hours a day. Women participate in agriculture activities such as sowing, hoeing, harvesting, threshing, storage of crops and feeding the livestock. S-5 Potential Impacts, Mitigation Measures and EMP The environmental and social impact assessment was carried out and it was revealed that the project activities will not cause any significant disturbance and inconvenience to local community and natural environment of the area. Construction related impacts such as air pollution, noise etc will be mitigated by the implementation of the EMP. All the solid waste and wastewater generated from the project activities and labour camp should be disposed of according to the waste disposal plan, which is a component of the EMP. About 309 numbers of trees, mainly Sufaida (Eucalyptus Camaldulensis) will require uprooting for the construction of flood bypass channel. This will be compensating by planting minimum 1550 NESPAK-AAB-DMC ES-5

16 new trees in the surrounding area of the proposed flood channel. On the other hand the development of lake in the existing public park will enhance the environment condition of the area During construction, the Contactor s work force is expected to be largely from the local population, which will enhance the economic opportunities for the locals of working age group. The improvement in existing Public Park is also recommended to enhance the biodiversity of the project area. This will also raise the aesthetic value of the area and attract more visitors. Socioeconomic conditions of the project area will generally be positively impacted due to the project implementation. The few negative impacts will be insignificant impacts. 11 houses will be require to re-locate from the RMB, fall in the work area. Resettlement Action Plan will be prepared and submitted under separate cover. No any private land acquisition involve for the construction of the spillway channel and rehabilitation of barrage components. The land nominated for the batching plant and labour camp as shown in the figure 1.3 will be arranged by IPD. Further enhance the project acceptance by the locals, some socioeconomic development schemes for the improvement of education, health, employment, infrastructure facilities etc should be included in the project. The total estimated cost of the implementation of the EMP is Rs Million ($. 295,298). S-6 Conclusion The potential impacts of the project are associated with only the construction phase of the project and all of these impacts are temporary and reversible in nature. These impacts can be mitigated through the proper implementation of the EMP. Therefore it is concluded that the project is environmentally friendly, financially viable, economically sustainable, genderally neutral and pro-poverty alleviation. NESPAK-AAB-DMC ES-6

17 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL The province of Punjab is only one fourth of the total area of Pakistan yet its fertile land yields more than 50% of the total national agricultural produce. One of the reasons for such high agricultural production is the efficient use of water resources through Punjab s irrigation network. Punjab irrigation network comprises of 24 canal fed by 14 barrages/barrage and 9 major inter-river link canals, irrigating more than 27 million acres of land. There are two barrages on Sutlej River, Suleimanki and Islam Barrage. Suleimanki is the first barrage on Sutlej after this river enters into Pakistan. Major part of the Left Marginal Bank virtually forms the international boundary between Pakistan and India. Pakpattan Canal with a design discharge of 6,594 cusecs at head, off-takes from the right flank; and Sadiqia and Fordwah Canals with designed discharges of 6,080 cusecs and 3,366 cusecs respectively, off-take from left bank of the river. Sadiqia and Fordwah irrigate Bahawalnagar and Bahawalpur districts. Pakpattan Canal irrigates the land in the districts of Pakpattan, Okara, Vehari and Lodhran. The total canal command area (CCA) of all three canals is approximately 2.5 millions acres, which is about 9% of the 27 millions acres of the total area irrigated area of Punjab Province. Thus, the barrage contributes valuable 9% of the agricultural production of Punjab. Ferozepur Barrage on Sutlej River lies in India just before the river enters Pakistan. India diverts almost all the river water from this barrage to its own irrigation system and the river reach at Suleimanki in Pakistan is perpetually bone dry for about 10 months of the year. In order to feed the three canals that off-take from Suleimanki Barrage inter river link canal Baloki-Suleimanki Link (B.S Link) was constructed with an initial discharge capacity of 15,800 cusecs for delivery into Sutlej River upstream of Suleimanki Barrage. The BS Link was later remodeled a few times to the current discharge capacity of cusecs. The barrage is located about 20km (12miles) from Haveli Lakha Town, Tahsil Depalpur, District Okara. It is situated on Sutlej River 112km (70miles) downstream of Ferozpur Barrage and 184km (115miles) upstream of Islam Barrage. The barrage is about 150km (94miles) from Lahore, the capital of Punjab Province and about 450km (281miles) from Islamabad, the federal capital. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 1

18 1.2 BACKGROUND Suleimanki Barrage was constructed during on Sutlej River under the Sutlej Valley Project (SVP). The barrage feeds Pakpattan, Fordwah and Eastern Sadiaqa Canals. The barrage was formally commissioned on April 12, The barrage was designed for 325,000 cusecs discharge. Sadiqia and Fordwah Canals commenced water supply on 1 st May 1926 and Pakpattan Canal on 1 st June Ever since its construction, the structure of Suleimanki Barrage has suffered heavily from flooding during the monsoon periods. The barrage is about 84 years old now and aging process together with inadequate/deferred maintenance has also contributed towards general deterioration of the different components of the Barrage. Irrigation & Power Department (IPD) engaged National Development Consultants (NDC) in June 1998 for the safety evaluation of Suleimanki Barrage. The study recommended that rehabilitation of the barrage be undertaken to ensure safe operation of the barrage. Based on these recommendations, IPD awarded the work of carrying out Feasibility Study for Rehabilitation & Modernization of the barrage to the joint venture (JV) of NDC and NESPAK in association with ATKINS of UK, called Punjab Barrages Consultants (PBC). The Consultants submitted the Feasibility Study Report in May In 1960, under the agreement of Indus Water Treaty, India was given the rights of three eastern rivers water of Ravi, Sutlej and Beas. Consequently upon the construction of Bhakra/Nangal Dam on river Sutlej and Pandoh & Pong Dam on Beas; the discharge in Sutlej was reduced significantly. The Ferozepur Barrage built in India on Sutlej River immediately before the river enters Pakistan, stops almost all the water and the river remains bone dry for about 10 months of the year. This forced Pakistan to carry a significant amount of works for transporting water from western rivers through link canals to feed the canals off taking from the eastern river. Inter-river link canal Baloki-Suleimanki Link (B.S Link) offtaking from Ravi River at Balloki barrage was constructed with a discharge of 15,800 cusecs to be delivered upstream of Suleimanki in The canal was later remodeled for a discharge of 18,500 cusecs, again to 22,000 cusecs and finally to cusecs. Historic discharge data of the Sutlej River at Suleimanki Barrage from indicates that the flood discharge in the river exceeded the designed capacity of the barrage four times; in 1947 (325,000 cfs), 1950 (332,000 cfs), 1955 (597,000 cfs) and 1988 (499,000 cfs). NESPAK-AAB-DMC 2

19 Number of controlled and uncontrolled breaches occurred in 1988 in both the left and right marginal bunds. 1.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVE Since signing of the IWT in 1960, India has construction two storage dams on Sutlej River and almost all of the flows of the river, except the floods that cannot be stored in the dams, are being used in India. The construction of storage dams in India has significantly reduced the flood discharges in the river. However, the flood of 1988 has somewhat signified that the storage capacity of eastern rivers barrages are not enough for significant mitigation or synchronization of high flows of the rivers and its tributaries Most of the 14 barrages in Punjab are now more than 80 years old and are in acute distress owing to aging, design deficiencies, constructional defects, hydraulic and mechanical problems, inadequate operation and maintenance, and drastic changes in river morphology as a result of the implementation of the IWT. During the recent past several serious damages have also been reported. Serious damage to any of these barrages resulting in an interruption of irrigation supplies can have disastrous implications on the country s economy and the population of the area. The rehabilitation and modernization of these barrages has therefore been considered by the Government as an urgent necessity. This project aims to modernize water resources and irrigation infrastructure at the Sulemanki Headwork. Because of the very low negligible flows during non-monsoon period (approximately 10 months of the year) the morphology of the river channel has drastically changed and there is general aggradation in the main stream due to sand drifting. The pond area of the barrage has also heavily silted up especially in the right half where the high shoal has come very close to the divide wall. The main problems which need to be addressed in this project are: The barrage capacity is about 100,000 cusecs less than the calculated 100 years return flood. Increase the barrage capacity or provide the alternative arrangement e.g. flood bypass channel to handle the 100 years flood at the barrage. The oblique approach of the river channel to the barrage and sedimentation problems in the canals with a consequent reduction in the discharge capacity of the barrage is an important issue. Exceptionally high floods caused heavy damages through breaches in the marginal bunds because the barrage capacity is considerably less than the 100 years return NESPAK-AAB-DMC 3

20 flood. The flood embankments are deficient with respects to the highest flood level of 1988 and need strengthening. River training works especially pertaining to pitched island constructed about 4km upstream of the barrage to keep the river approach straight is not providing the anticipated results and the main channels strikes the right bank. Bela formation and masking upstream of the barrage. This reduce the barrage capacity. The decking of the road bridge has been deteriorated and become risky for present traffic requirements. Repairing / modernization of barrage machinery for the smooth operation of the barrage. Need for the enhancement of barrage capacity for severe floods. Need for improving the road communication system. 1.4 PORJECT DESCRIPTION This Project envisages updating of feasibility and detailed design of rehabilitation and up gradation works at Sulemanki Barrage. In updating of feasibility study the following two options were considered and option 2 was recommended for detail design. Option 1: Increasing Barrage Capacity by Addition of Bays This option requires addition of six bays (360 ft water way) along the right flank of the barrage. The head regulator of Pakpattan canal will have to be dismantled and new regulator will have to be constructed. The entire upstream and downstream guide banks along the right side of the barrage will have to be dismantled and reconstructed at the new location at the end of the extended portion of the barrage. Part of the public park on the downstream side will be utilized and made part of the barrage. Option 2: Proposed Flood Bypass Arrangement Provision of flood bypass arrangement requires Spillway on RMB, level crossing at the Pakpattan Canal and a Road Bridge on Haveli Lakha-Sulemanki road. The environmental and social aspects associated with both options are described in detail in chapter 6 Study of Project Alternatives. Option 2 was selected on environmental, social and technical basis for detail design. The scope of work of selected option includes the following components: NESPAK-AAB-DMC 4

21 Provision of flood bypass channel, spillway/fuse plug, level crossing at Pakpattan Canal and a road bridge on Haveli Lakha - Sulemanki Road. Repairs of cracks, contact grouting underneath the floors. Raising and strengthening of river control embankments and spurs to withstand flood pressure liable to be exerted on them. Installation of instrumentation and control system for uplift pressure monitoring. Rehabilitating and upgrading the operational capability of the gates and hoisting mechanism at the barrage. Inspection of the stilling basin and repair or re-design if require. Taming of the upstream bela (shoal). Improve the existing wildlife park to enhance the aesthetic value and biodiversity of the area. A detailed description of the project is included in chapter PROJECT LOCATION The barrage is located at latitude of North and longitude East. It is about 12 miles East of Haveli Lakha Town. The barrage is about 70 miles below Ferozepur Barrage (India) and 115 miles upstream of Islam Barrage. The barrage falls in Tahsil Depalpour, District Okara. The barrage location is indicated on Figure-1.1. It is connected to other parts of the country through roads and is about 94 miles from the provincial capital Lahore and about 281 miles from Islamabad. Other main cities near the barrage include Okara at about 31 miles, Pakpatan at about 37.5 miles and Kasur at about 60 miles. 1.6 PROJECT AREA OF INFLUENCE The area of project influence referred to as the area of influence (AOI) is the area likely to be affected by the project, including all its ancillary aspects such as power transmission lines, pipelines, canals, access roads, waste disposal areas, batching plant and Labour camp as well as any unplanned developments induced by the project. The major features of the area and proposed locations of the contractor s facilities are indicated on the overall environmental study area map and Sulemanki Barrage environment map are shown in Figure-1.2 and 1.3 respectively. The map prepared using GIS technology and satellite image. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 5

22 1.7 REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES The barrage experienced substantial retrogression of up to 6 feet in the very first flood season, which continued during The barrage is now 84 years old and in the aging process and normally the maintenance is either inadequate or deferred. A distorted flow pattern and an oblique entry into the guide bank zone has put the bed configuration into a drastic imbalance causing severe masking close to the structure which has contributed to general deterioration of the barrage. The Irrigation & Power Department (IPD) engaged National Development Consultants (NDC) in June 1998 for a safety evaluation of Suleimanki Barrage. This study recommended that rehabilitation of the barrage be undertaken to ensure its safe operation besides further investigation for sub-surface flow and model study for river training works. Based on these recommendations, IPD awarded the work of carrying out Feasibility Study for Rehabilitation & Modernization of the Suleimanki, Tanusa & Khanki Barrages to the joint venture (JV) of NDC and NESPAK in association with ATKINS of UK called Punjab Barrages Consultants (PBC). The Consultants submitted the Feasibility Study Report in May The study made recommendations to repair the barrage structure including barrage floor in main weir as well as undersluice section, road bridge deck across the barrage, regulating gates and hoists, modernize barrage structure, install new vibrating wire piezometers and physically remove the large bela masking the left half of the barrage in the pond area. The study also conclude that the barrage capacity is approximately 100,000 cusecs less than the 100 years return flood and need to be raised by redesigning of barrage or provision of flood escape channel. 1.8 APPROACHES ADOPTED FOR THE STUDY The environmental and social data were collected and analyzed for the overall environmental study area. Primary data, including sampling and testing of the physical environmental parameters were collected during site visits conducted from September 2009 to November The test results will be included and analyzed in the final EIA at the completion of the detail design. Secondary data for the overall study area was reclaimed from other institutions e.g. Wildlife department, Fishery, Irrigation & power department, SCARPS Monitoring Organization, SEMU and Directorate Land Reclamation etc. The base line data was developed and analyzed to identify potential environmental impacts of the Project. A risk based methodology was adopted to identify the high risk activities and suggest their mitigation measures. Where possible, eliminating the risk by altering the scope or method of execution of work was preferred rather than minimizing the risk with control NESPAK-AAB-DMC 6

23 measures. Public consultations were also undertaken inclusive of gender study, to take into account the public point of view about the project. 1.9 OBJECTIVE OF THE REPORT This report comprises the (EIA) study of the project area. Environment Assessment (EA) takes into account of the natural environment (air, water, land, flora & fauna); human health and safety. This study evaluates the project s potential environmental risks and impacts on its areas of influence, planning, designing and implementation to preventing, minimizing, mitigating or compensating for adverse environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts throughout project implementation. The Social Assessment (SA) has been conducted to evaluate the project s potential positive and adverse effects on the affected people and to examine project alternatives where adverse effects may be significant. The breadth, depth and type of analysis in the social assessment are proportional to the nature of the project and scale of its potential effects, positive or adverse, on the affected people. The Socio- Economic Survey was conducted by an experienced and qualified team of sociologists. This report updating the previous EIA submitted in 2005 and covering all the impacts identified during updating fesibility and detail design of the Sulemanki Barrage R&U STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT This report is divided into following chapters. Chapter # 1 Introduction Chapter # 2 Legal and Administrative framework policy Chapter # 3 Project Description Chapter # 4 Environmental and Social Baseline Conditions Chapter # 5 Analysis of Alternatives Chapter # 6 Impact Assessment, Mitigation and Enhancement Measures Chapter # 7 Environmental Management Plan Chapter # 8 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure NESPAK-AAB-DMC 7

24 Figure 1.1 Project Location Map NESPAK-AAB-DMC 8

25 Figure 1.2: Overall Environment Study Area Map NESPAK-AAB-DMC 9

26 Figure 1.3: Suleimanki Barrage Environment Study Area Map NESPAK-AAB-DMC 10

27 CHAPTER 2: LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATION FRAMEWORK POLICY 2.1 GENERAL This chapter provides an overview of the policy framework and national legislation and international obligations that apply to the proposed Project. The Project is expected to comply with all national legislations and Asian Bank Safeguards Polices relating to environmental and social issues, and to obtain all regulatory clearances required. 2.2 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS IN PAKISTAN Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 is the primary legislation which applies in Environmental Assessment studies in Pakistan. Under section 12 of the Act a project falling under any category specified in Schedule II (SRO 339(1)/2000) require the proponent to file an EIA with the concerned Environmental Agency, which in case of Sulemanki Barrage is EPA Punjab. 2.3 NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (NCS) was approved by federal cabinet in March 1992 and is the principle policy document on environmental issues in the country. The NCS outlines the country s primary approaches towards encouraging sustainable development, conserving natural resources and managing resources. The NCS has 68 specific programmers in 14 core areas in which policy intervention is considered crucial for the preservation of Pakistan s natural and physical environment. The core areas that are relevant in the context of the proposed Project are pollution prevention and abatement, conserving biodiversity and preservation of cultural heritage. 2.4 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY The National Environmental Policy provides an overarching framework for addressing the environmental issues facing-pakistan, Particularly pollution of fresh water bodies and coastal waters, air pollution, lack of proper waste management, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, desertification, natural disasters and climate change. It also gives directions for addressing the cross sectoral issues as well as the underlying causes of environmental degradation and meeting international obligations. The policy provides broad guidelines to the Federal NESPAK-AAB-DMC 11

28 Government, Provincial Government, Federally Administrated Territories and Local Government for addressing environmental concerns and ensuring effective management of their environmental resources. 2.5 GUIDE LINE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT The Pak-EPA has published a set of environmental guidelines for conducting environmental assessments and the environmental management of different types of development projects. The guidelines relevant to the proposed Project are listed below: Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, 1997 The guidelines, targeted at project proponents, specify: The nature of the information to be included in environmental reports The minimum qualification of the EIA conductors appointed The need to incorporate suitable mitigation measures at every stage or project implementation The need to specify monitoring procedures The report must contain baseline data relating to the project area, an interpretation of the data and mitigation measures Guidelines of Public Consultation, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, May, 1997 These guidelines deal with possible approaches to public consultation and techniques for designing an effective program of consultation that reaches out to all major stakeholders and ensure their concerns are incorporated in any impact assessment study. 2.6 ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES i. Provincial EPA The IPD will be responsible for providing the complete environmental documentation required by the provincial EPA and remain committed to the approved project design. No deviation is permitted during project implementation without the prior and explicit permission of the EPA. ii. Provincial Departments of Forestry and Wildlife The rehabilitation works are expected to involve some clearing of vegetation that exist on IPD s land where labour camp and batching plant are to be constructed. Widening and strengthening of the embankments may also involve uprooting of trees. The contractor will NESPAK-AAB-DMC 12

29 inform formally to the Punjab Forest Department and IPD, even if these trees fall in the area of IPD before undertake any cutting/uprooting. iii. Local Government and Municipalities The IPD and its contractors must ensure that the project meets the criteria of district governments as related to the establishment of construction camps and plants, and the safe disposal of wastewater, solid waste, and toxic materials. The IPD will coordinate and monitor environment-related issues. iv. Social & Environmental Management Unit (SEMU) Irrigation and Power Department (IPD), Government of Punjab under Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority (PIDA) established the Social and Environmental Management Unit (SEMU) in December 2006 to enable it to address the environmental and social issues in a timely and effective manner during operation, maintenance, rehabilitation, construction of new canals and drains etc. SEMU could be involved as an independent environmental monitoring organization during construction phase of this Project. 2.7 ENVIRONMENT-RELATED STATUTES This section outlines statutes apart from the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997, which are relevant to the project. The Forest Act, 1927 (and Provincial Acts and Rules) The Act, inter alia, deals with the matters related with protection and conservation of natural vegetation/habitats. In that regard it empowers the concerned agency to declare protected and reserved forest areas and maintaining these. In spite of the fact that it recognizes the right of people for access to the natural resources for their household use, it prohibits unlawful cutting of trees and other vegetation. Cutting trees will require for provision of flood bypass channel and strengthening the embankments work in this Project. The permission is required prior to undertake any tree cutting from the area under the charge of Forest Department of Punjab province. The tree belts along canal sides are protected Forest under the Forest Act 1927 and are managed under Canal Side Plantation Rules Government of Punjab, Forestry, Wildlife, Fisheries and Tourism Department (Notification No. FOFT (EXT) VIII. 17/96 Dated 1998 In Punjab, should the number of trees to be felled for a project exceed 100, or if the project falls within the jurisdiction of more than one district, a committee comprising the NESPAK-AAB-DMC 13

30 Commissioner of the division covering the districts, the Conservator of Forests, and the Superintending Engineer of the IPD must accord their approval. Provincial Wildlife (Protection, Preservation, Conservation and Management) Act, Ordinances and Rules In addition to empowering provincial wildlife department to establish game reserves, parks, and wildlife sanctuaries, these acts regulate the hunting and disturbance of wildlife. This law Will help in eliminating any tresspassing into Protected Areas. Antiquities Act, 1975 The Antiquities Act relates to the protection, preservation and conservation of archaeological/historical sites and monuments. There are no archeological sites or cultural heritage site inside or near the project area. Nevertheless if there is chance find during the construction phase this law would provide due guidance. Provincial Local Government Ordinances, 2001 These ordinances, issued following the devolution process, establish regulations for land use, conservation of natural vegetation, air, water, and land pollution, the disposal of solid waste and wastewater effluents, as well as matters related to public health and safety. This law will help as and when a participatory management of irrigation system becomes the order of the day. Factories Act, 1934 The clauses relevant to the project are those that are related with the health, safety and welfare of workers, disposal of solid waste and effluent, and damage to private and public property. The Factories Act also provides regulations for handling and disposing of toxic and hazardous materials. There are no factories / industries inside or around the Project area. However, indirectly the factories and industries contributing pollution into Ravi and Sutlej rivers become a matter of concern for water behind the rehabilitated Sulemanki Barrage. Land Acquisition Act 1894 Land Acquisition Act (LAA), 1894 is the primary law governing land acquisition in Pakistan. For the acquisition of land, the above-mentioned Act, rules and regulations are followed whether the acquisition is for Government of Punjab or any other agency. Up to this stage no permanent land acquisition has been anticipated in the design of the project. Should there be a need for temporary acquisition, this law would be of help. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 14

31 2.8 FIDIC CLAUSES The size and nature of the work to be undertaken for rehabilitation and modernization of Sulemanki Barrage is such that it is expected to involve international contractor therefore following FIDIC clauses have been considered to address the environmental aspects of the project: Clause 8.2 Clause 19.1 Clause 27.1 Clause 42.1 Clause 42.2 Site operation and methods of construction Safety, security of environment in general Fossils Possession of site and access thereto Right of ways and facilities in the project area 2.9 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GUIDELINES The Asian Development Bank s Environmental Safeguard Policy requires that environmental considerations be incorporated in to ADB operations to ensure that the project will have minimal environmental impact and be environmentally sound. The following guidelines shall be adopted: Environmental Category According to ADB Environment Policy, projects are to be categorized in to the following environmental categories; A, B, or C as given in the table below. At any stage the category can be changed with the approval of the chief compliance officer if further studies and investigations reveal that the projects potential impacts are worse, minimal or negligible. ADB Environmental Categories Category A: Projects with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts. This is applicable in case maga projects causing global or at least regional impacts. This types of project require a first class EIA to be produced and implemented. This category consider with Category A of the EPA NESPAK-AAB-DMC 15

32 Category B: Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for category A projects. Category C: Projects unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. Category B is applicable in case of projects with localized and mitigable impacts. Sulemanki Barrage is not a new mega scale project. It is a rehabilitation and repair of an already existing structure without causing change even in storage of water behind the barrage. All impacts shall be local, limited and mitigable. Such projects according to ADB require an IEE only but the EPA requires such class B projects to have an EIA. Since the project has to be cleared by EPD under Environmental Act of 1997, as an EIA shall have to be produced for a B category projects to fulfill the local legal requirement. That makes it responsive to ADB Safeguards of category A, which by all means is a superior response to ADB Safeguards NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS (NEQS) 2000 The NEQS 2000 of EPA under Environmental Protection Act 1997 specify the following standards: 1 Maximum allowable concentration of the Pollutants, (32 parameters) in emission and liquid industrial effluents discharge to inland water. 2. Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (two parameters) in gaseous emission from vehicle exhaust and noise emission from vehicles. 3. Maximum allowable noise level from vehicles These standards apply to the gaseous emission and liquid effluents discharged by batching plants, campsite and construction machinery. The standards for vehicles will apply during the construction as well as operation phase of the project. Precise standards for air quality are not available under NEQS, The National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) 2000 is included in Appendix 2.1. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 16

33 2.11 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS Pakistan is signatory to a number of International Conventions, Protocols and Understandings relating to the environment. Those relevant to the project are described in the following paragraphs. Convention on Biological Diversity The Convention of Biological Diversity was the outcome of the Earth Summit held in Riode-Janeiro in The Convention binds the signatories to respect, protect and conserve the earth environment and bio-diversity through sustainable use of natural resources. In all development projects in Pakistan the protocols of this convention are respected in letter and spirit. Ramsar Convention The Convention on Wetland of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitats held in Iran in 1972 at village Ramsar in Iran, places an obligation on the signatories to protect habitats of migratory waterfowl. Sulemanki Barrage is not a notified Ramsar site but as additional measures, Ramsar spirit shall be maintained during the construction phase of the project. Bonn Convention The Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals was held in Bonn in The Convention broadens the scope of Ramsar to include migratory species other than water fowl. Not being a Ramsar site, this protocol is not obligatory for Sulemanki Barrage. But it will be respected during construction phase to the extent that no damage is caused to habitat of any species. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 17

34 CHAPTER 3: THE PROJECT 3.1 HISTORY Suleimanki Headworks located at about 12 miles east of Haveli Lakha Town. The barrage was constructed near the village Suleimanki during as a component of Sutlej Valley Project. Soon after its commissioning in 1926, the Barrage experienced substantial regression, in fact in the very first flood season, which necessitated some modifications and alternations in Over the past eighty years or so the Barrage has facilitated an efficient flow of irrigation water in three major canals; Sadiqia (design discharge: 6080 cusecs) and Fordwah (design discharge: 3366 cusecs) canals which off take from the left bank and irrigate areas in Bahawalnagar and Bahawalpur Districts while the Pakpattan Canal (design discharge 6594 cusecs) off take from the right bank meeting irrigation demands in the area in Okara, Pakpattan, Vehari and Lodhran Districts. The three canals collectively command an area of 2.5 million acres. Barrage Engineers opine that ordinarily, barrages like Suleimanki have an efficient life of about 50 years and beyond which at some point old age symptoms start showing up. 3.2 EXISTING BARRAGE STRUCTURE At the time of completion of Barrage structure in 1927 the barrage comprised of: Waterways A main weir consisting of 24 bays of 60ft each with crest level 560ft amsl. Right and left pocket, each consisting of 8 bays of 30ft each with crest level 8ft lower than the main weir i.e. 552ft amsl. Stilling Basin The stilling basin for both main weir and under sluices is placed at RL ft amsl. The corresponding length for main weir and under sluices is 35 ft and 80 ft respectively. Two rows of friction blocks of 2 ft high have been provided in the main weir. Divide Wall There are two divide walls at Suleimanki Barrage separating the central weir from the right and left undersluices. Both the divide walls are 700 ft ( m) long, which are extending much beyond the Canal Regulators (Sadiqia Canal along left flank and Pakpattan Canal along right). The top of the divide wall is 572ft amsl. Fish Ladder Two fish ladders exist at Suleimanki Barrage along both divide walls. During the course of floods fish ladders function well and during low flow these remain dry. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 18

35 Guide Bank The guide banks at Suleimanki Barrage are unique as compared to any other barrage as they are of converging type. The abutment to abutment width of the barrage is 2223 ft, while the width between guide banks at the nose is 1600 ft. Road Bridge Existing Structural Steel Bridge over the barrage is in bad condition and its deck needs immediate replacement. Structural analysis of this bridge, as carried out during feasibility design, has revealed that main steel members of the supporting system of the bridge are in good condition and quite serviceable for future use except the deck. Canal Head Regulator There are three head regulators of off-taking canals from the barrage namely Pakpattan Canal, Fordwah Canal and Sadiqia Canal. There are 8 bays in Pakpattan Canal head regulator, while Sadiqia Canal and Fordwah Canal have 7 and 5 bays respectively. All canal regulators have 20 ft clear bays separated by 4 ft wide masonry piers. Bifurcating pier between Fordwah and Sadiqia Canal is 8 ft wide. Masonry arches of the bridges are supported by these piers. Piers are supported by plain concrete floor, which is locally thicken at pier locations and serves as foundation support for the pier. The steel gates are rusted and need immediate repair or replacement. Flood Retaining Bunds Right and Left Marginal Bunds extending either side to a distance of about 10 miles upstream of the weir. LMB of the barrage virtually forms the border between Pakistan and India and controlled by the Pakistan Army and Rangers Barrage Components (a) Main Weir Design discharge = 325,000 Cusecs Total width between the guide wall Water way including undersluices = = 2223 ft 1920 ft Highest flood level upstream (u/s) = RL Highest flood level downstream (d/s) = RL No. of Bays = 24 Width of each Bay = 60 Pier thickness = 7 ft Crest width = 13.5 ft Crest level = RL NESPAK-AAB-DMC 19

36 (b) Left and Right Under sluices No of bays : 8+8 = 16 Width of each bay = 30 ft Pier thickness = 5 ft Crest level = RL 552 (c) Divide Wall Top Level = RL 572 Top Width = 5 ft (d) Guide Banks Left Right Length U/S (ft) Length D/S (ft) Top level (RL) Top Width Free Board (ft) 7 7 Front side slope 2:1 2:1 Rear side slope 3:1 3:1 (e) Marginal Bund Left Right Length (ft) 47,500 63,000 (f) Canal Head Regulator Item CANALS Pakpattan Sadiqia Fordwah Capacity (Cusecs) Crest level RL Floor RL Full supply level RL No. of Bays Width of each Bay Pier thickness (ft) D/S Floor level NESPAK-AAB-DMC 20

37 3.3 THE PROBLEM Suleimanki barrage is now 84 years old and in the aging process along with inadequate or deferred maintenance has resulted in general deterioration and damages of its different components like the regulation gates and hoisting equipment. The distorted flow pattern oblique entry into the guide bank zone has provoked many problems, any further damage to this barrage can result in colossal losses in the form of total or partial disruption of irrigation supplies, agricultural crops, loss of government revenue, and rehabilitation cost of emergency repairs. The barrage has therefore been identified as a structure requiring repairs. The wind system, the wooden deck, the road bridge all are at least 83 years old. Though the brick masonry not showing any apparent sign of deterioration but it needs to be examined closely and will be appropriately repaired if required. After the Indus Water Treaty, the pond behind the headworks receives water from B.S. link canal and feed to Eastern Sadiqia, Fordwah and Pakpattan canals. The water received from B.S. link canal is too little to fully occupy the whole span of the river and therefore leads to bela formation and reduce the pond capacity. Plates 3.1 to 3.4 are shown the different components of the barrage. The results of frequency analysis for the estimated flood peak for the 100 years return period is 422,000 cusecs but the discharge calculation based on water level gate opening data of 1988 flood shows that 330,000 cusecs passed through the barrage and as reported in FFP at 2009, a discharge of 100,000 cusecs passed through breaches. Therefore a discharge of 430,000 cusecs has been adopted as design flood for R&U works of the barrage. Realizing the gravity of the situation of this barrage Punjab Government has given due attention to Sulemanki Barrage and has included it in the Phase-I program of rehabilitation of barrages in Punjab. 3.4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT The project aims to modernize water resources and irrigation infrastructure at the Suleimanki Barrage. The project is designed to address the following issues: The oblique approach of the river channel to the barrage encourages sedimentation in the Barrage pond and reducing pond capacity is an important issue to address. Exceptionally high floods caused heavy damages through breaches in the marginal bunds because the barrage capacity is less than the 100 years return flood value. The flood embankments are deficient with respects to the highest flood level of NESPAK-AAB-DMC 21

38 River training works especially pertaining to pitched island constructed about 4km upstream of the barrage to keep the river approach straight is not providing the anticipated results and the main channels strikes the right bank. The decking of the road bridge has been deteriorated and become risky for present traffic requirements. Repairing / modernization of regulation machinery for the smooth operation of the barrage. Need for the enhancement of barrage capacity for 100 years return flood COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT The works include both Civil and Mechanical/Electrical works. A construction schedule is included in Appendix 3.1. The components of work are as follows: Civil Works Provision of Flood Bypass arrangement, including construction of fuse plug weir, level crossing at the Pakpattan Canal, Road Bridge on Haveli Lakha-Suleimanki Barrage road. Strengthening of Embankments. Grouting the Cavities and Cracks Repair the Barrage floor where aggregate has been exposed and floor thickness reduced Trimming / partial removal of the bela. Improvement in existing Public Park. Mechanical/Electrical Works Repair of Barrage and canal Gates, Installing electric motors for Hoisting System Installation of Pressure Monitoring Instruments. 3.5 LABOUR CAMP It is envisaged that the Project will attract about 1000 skilled/unskilled labour. It should be ensured that maximum labour arranged locally however the majority of the skilled labour working on site likely to be migrated from other part of the country. It is a contractor s contractual obligation to provide a labour camp and consultant s and employer offices on site. The IPD s land is available for consultant s and contractor s offices and officer residence and no private land will be acquired for this purpose. Private land may require for labour camp and batching plant. The contractor s camp and labour camp will be a permanent structure which could be used by other institutions e.g. irrigation, police, forces etc at the completion of the Project. The suitable locations for the contractor s facilities are indicated on NESPAK-AAB-DMC 22

39 figure 3.1. The land for the suggested locations for labour camp and batching plant will be arranged by the IPD. 3.6 WORK BASE AREA The area near the left guide wall at downstream of barrage can be use as a work base area, as indicated on figure 3.1. However the available area may not be sufficient for all the plant and machinery use in the project. Therefore the area could be used as work base for only those activities undertaken at the barrage. The other option for work base area is on the Sulemanki-Haveli Lakha road next to the proposed location for batching plant. The area will be more appropriate to use as work base area for the equipment and machinery involve in working at the embankments. The Work base area and all the access roads are located within the IPD s land therefore no any private land acquisition is anticipated due to the establishing the work base area and access road. Modification and maintenance of the surface of the bunds and access roads will be undertaken to ensure the dust free environment of the area. 3.7 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS The main type of materials require for the execution of the work are: Civil Works Concrete Work will include the handling of following material Cement, Crush, Sand, Plasticizer, Air Entraining Agent, Steel Reinforcement, Epoxy and Grouting Material. Earthwork will require of handling clay material (soil). The anticipated quantities of the material require are Material Units Approximate Quantity Require Concrete 100 cft 21,393 Stone 100 cft 80,907 Steel 100 kg 51,566 Sheet Piles 100 kg 16,998 Clayey Soil (Fill Material) 1000 cft 204, Electrical/Mechanical Works Generally following material and equipments will be used in electrical/mechanical work in this project NESPAK-AAB-DMC 23

40 Gates, Hoisting Systems, Cable, Electrical Cables, Motors, Gear Box, Welding Material and Sensors & Other Electronic Devices 3.8 SOURCE OF MATERIAL The common source of the material require for civil work are described in Table-3.1. Table 3.1: Source of Raw Material Sr. # Raw Material Availability Source 1 Earth Material Available locally, borrowed from the lands temporarily acquired for the purpose. 2 Aggregate Available at many sources, such as: Quarries at Sakhi Sarwar (240 miles), Margalla Hills (330 miles) and Sikhanwali (220 miles), Sargodha (230 miles). The choice will however will depend upon the quality and suitability of the rock material of the construction of the hydraulic structures. 3 Rip-rap material Available from the three locations indicated above. 4 Sand Sand is available in barrage area. At times contractor may prefer to bring superior quality sand from other sources too. Final decision will be taken RE and the contractor jointly. 5 Water for preparation of Ample fresh groundwater aquifer is available along concrete the river. The contractor will install tube well within IPD land with the agreed location with consultant s environmentalist and Project Management Staff. 6 Water for compaction of River water can be used for this purpose embankments 7 Cement Portland cement is locally available from the two factories situated at Daud Khel (340 miles). However, the cement of other grades is available within the country for the factories at D.G.Khan (260 miles), Karachi (900 miles), Chakwal (250 miles), Islamabad (320 miles), Wah (330 mile) etc. 8 Reinforcement steel Available from re-rolling mills at Lahore (130miles). 9 Mechanical parts of the Could be manufactured at Heavy Mechanical Gates Complex at Taxilla (340 miles), Factories at Lahore (130 miles) and Gujranwala (160 miles) and /or imported from abroad. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 24

41 3.8 EQUIPMENT AND MACHINERY YARD It is envisaged that the following equipments and machineries will be required for construction activities:- 1. Concrete Batching plant 2. Transit mixer 3. Concrete Pumps 4. Motor Graders 5. Excavators 6. Dozers 7. Dumpers 8. Compaction Roller 9. Water bouzers 10. Crane 11. Transport Buses 12. Front End Loaders The equipment will be kept in a plant & equipment yard. The suitable site for the yard is indicated on figure 3.1. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 25

42 Figure 3.1: Project Layout of Selected Works Scheme NESPAK-AAB-DMC 26

43 CHAPTER 4: BASE LINE CONDITION 4.1 GENERAL The purpose of this chapter is to establish the baseline conditions for the Physical, Biological and the Social aspects of Environment of the project area. This chapter assesses the extent of the Area of Influence (AOI) and describes the relevant environmental conditions of the Study Area. This will assist in impact assessment and suggesting the appropriate mitigation measures required. 4.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT The physical environment includes soil quality, water quality, ambient air quality and climatic conditions Physiography and Soil The major land form units of the area include Active/Recent flood plains, sub recent flood plains and Piedmont Plains. Active flood plains are narrow strips along the river and its tributaries. The plains are inundated almost every year, covered with rich alluvium and are suitable for agriculture. Sub recent flood plains also called alluvial terraces are depositional and are separated from the adjoining active flood plains by the river cut bluffs ranging in height from 2m to 10m. The sediments are called old alluvium and are composed of compact calcareous silty clay. Piedmont plains develop between the mountain and river. The Piedmont plains of River Sutlej fall in the Indian Territory. The river rolling down the mountains become active only when rainfall takes place. It flows down the slopes swiftly. On reaching the foothills, it looses speed and drops part of the load within the streams, which split into a number of narrow channels. The gravel, sand and silt thus deposited, form the alluvial fans. The Piedmont plains, dominated by the alluvial fans, provide good soils and suitable topography for agriculture Soil Types The Project area forms a part of the vast Indus plain, which is a part of the Indo-Gangetic depression. This depression is of a synclinal nature. Synclinorium depression is a fore deep downward of the Himalayan foreland of variable depth, converted into flat plains by simple NESPAK-AAB-DMC 27

44 process of alleviation. The alluvial deposits consist on silty sand to silty clay are underlain by rocks of Precambrian age i.e. Sandstone Surface Salinity In the event of extended canal closure the saline area will be most vulnerable area in the canal commands. Extended canal closure will not be require in this project, however to deal with any accidental canal closure impacts the saline area in the canal commands are identified. A study of surface salinity of the canal command areas of Pakpattan Canal, Fordwah Canal and Sadiqia Canal was undertaken by the SCARPS Monitoring Organisation (SMO) and presented in their reports references: S&R Publication No. 29, No. 33 and No. 35. The main parameters tested in the field were EC and ph. SMO arranged auger holes at suitable sites up to 180 cm depth or to the sloughing material for the study within the canal command area. All the three canals irrigate a considerable area of Southern Punjab. The canal command areas for Pakpatan Canal, Sadiquia Canal and Fordwah Canal extend up to 1,058,000 acres, 1,260,000 acres and 474,000 acres respectively. The percentages of strongly saline (EC > 15ds/m) area found within each canal command areas are summarized in Table 4.1. Considerable area was identified as strongly saline within the Fordwah Canal command area. Table 4.1: Surface Salinity Statistics Canal Command Total Acreage Non-Saline Strongly Saline Acreage Percentage Acreage Percentage Pakpattan 1,058, ,637 90% 1,082 < 1% Fordwah 474, ,537 82% 20,123 4% Sadiqia 1,260,000 1,083,600 86% 12,600 1% Source: SMO reports publication No. 29, 33 and 35 NESPAK-AAB-DMC 28

45 Seismic Data Due to the continental plate drift of Indian Plate and Asian Plate, Pakistan has been suffered from the devastating earthquakes in past. NESPAK has been developed a Seismic Zoning Map for Pakistan. The whole country is divided into following 5 zones: Seismic Peak Horizontal Zone Ground Acceleration to 0.08g 2A 0.08 to 0,16g 2B 0.16 to 0.24g to 0.32g 4 >0.32g Where g is the acceleration due to gravity Figure 4.1. Seismic Zoning Map of Pakistan The project area falls within zone 2A as indicated in figure 4.1. Zone 2A represents area of negligible damage from the earthquake. Design team has been consider the possible impacts of earthquake on the barrage structure Climate No meteorological station is located within the project study area. The data and analysis provided is based on yearly record from the monitoring station at Okara managed by Pakistan Metrological Department (PMD). The climate of the area is arid characterized by long hot summer and short mild winter. The summer extends from April to October Temperature The mean temperature ranging between 39 o C to 42 o C in summer. May and June are the hottest months during which maximum temperature may rise up to 50 o C. The winter lasts from December to February with minimum temperature ranging from between 2 o C to 5 o C. January is the coldest month and chill prevails during the winter when cold wave from Himalaya, lashes the area. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 29

46 Average Maximum Monthly Temperatures, Okara (2007) Average Minimum Monthly Temperatures, Okara (2007) Rainfall & Humidity The average annual rainfall in the area is 150 to 180mm. Nearly 60% of the Precipitation is received during July to September whereas the rest is unevenly spread over the remaining months. On the whole the rainfall is too scant and unreliable to be of any agricultural use. The general evapo-transpiration is very high and the irrigation requirements are met through the well organized (weir controlled) canal irrigation system. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 30

47 The average relative humidity was obtained from the Meteorological Department for Okara during Relative Humidity varied between 45% and 85%, peaking during the month of September. Average Relative Humidity, Okara (2007) Average Monthly Rainfall, Okara (2007) The monthly rainfall varies significantly. The highest rainfall was recorded during the monsoon months (June and July). NESPAK-AAB-DMC 31

48 Wind The wind speed significantly varied over the twelve month period. Peak values were recorded during the month of May while the minimum wind speed occurred in the months of October and January. The typical wind direction is south to north. Average Monthly Wind speed, Okara (2007) Water Quality Surface Water Quality The natural surface water resources of the project area include Sutlej River, the canals which off-take from the barrage, Pakpattan Canal, Fordwah Canal and Sadiqia Canal, and the BS Link Canal that has its outfall at the Sutlej River at the RME. The river water discharge at Ferozpour Barrage by the Indian government is negligible except during the monsoon period. The design discharge capacity of the canals off take from Sulemanki Barrage are as follows; Pakpattan Canal : 6,594 Cusecs Sadiqia Canal : 6,080 Cusecs Fordwah Canal : 3,366 Cusecs The design discharge capacity of the canal brings water from Baloki Barrage to Sulemanki Barrage (BS Link Canal) is 22,000 Cusecs. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 32

49 Sutlej River is now a non-perennial river as a result of the diversion of its water by India, under the Indus Water Treaty of Presently, its flow constitutes of water mostly released from the BS Link Canal and occasional releases by India from Ferozpour Barrage, mostly occurring during high flow season. Pakpattan and Sadiqia canals are perennial canals where as Fordwah is non-perennial at the barrage. A drain bringing wastewater from India converges with Sutlej River at about 6 km upstream of the Barrage as shown on Figure-1.2. The drain called Fazilaka drain in Pakistan and Gandahi drain in India Hydrological Characterization The average river flows upstream of the Sulemanki Barrage is shown in Table 4.2. Average flows were determined for the year 1981, 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000 during the months between May and October when river flow is significant. This indicates the peak flow usually occurs in August of due to the the monsoon season in the area. Table 4.2: Average River Flows Upstream of the Sulemanki Barrage (MAF) Months Average flow in each year May 12, , , , , June 13, , , , , July 15, , , , , August 15, , , , , September 12, , , , , October 9, , , , , Following are the salient features of the Sutlej River and Hydrological Regime of Suleimanki Barrage:- Beas River joins Sutlej near Harike where India has built a Barrage to take out Rajasthan Canal. Ferozpur Barrage has been built on Sutlej near Ferozpur (India) to take out Bikaner NESPAK-AAB-DMC 33

50 and Eastern Canals. After the Indus Water Treaty, only surplus water of the above two barrages is allowed to flow down to Suleimanki Barrage. Design Capacity of the Barrage = 325,000 Cusecs Maximum discharge of pre-construction period a discharge of 249,482 cusecs was computed from the flood marks existing in the vicinity of proposed weir site in Flood Record Under Second Flood Protection Sector Project (FPSP-II), flood risk maps for 5 year and 50 year return period were developed for Sutlej River, as indicated in Figure-4.2. This map will be used to prepare the flood protection plan during construction and project implementation phase. The historical record of major flood pass through the barrage are summarized in Table-4.3. Table 4.3: Peak Discharge of Prominent Years in River Sutlej at Suleimanki Barrage Years Discharge through weir (Cusecs) Through Breeches in Flood Embankment Total (Cusecs) ,000 Nil 325, ,000 Nil 309, ,000 Nil 360, ,000 Nil 332, , , , , , , ,865 Nil 301,865 The most recent flood caused the breaching in LMB and RMB occurred in According to the data received from irrigation department a discharge of 500,000 cusecs was received upstream of Suleimanki Barrage out of which 100,000 cusecs escaped through the breaches in the marginal bunds and 400,000 cusecs passed through the Barrage with a raised upstream barrage level. As per report of the Punjab Government 28 people lost their lives, 10,263 cattle heads were lost, about 209 acres of cropped area were damaged during 1988 floods. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 34

51 The Punjab Irrigation Department generally defines flood limits as low, medium, high, very high, and exceptionally high at key control points. River Sutlej flood limits revised and fixed in 1974 by the Punjab Flood Commission for Suleimanki Barrage are given below: Normal Flood = Up to 50,000 cusecs Low Flood = 50,000 to 80,000 cusecs Medium Flood = 80,000 to 120,000 cusecs High Flood = 120,000 to 175,000 cusecs Very High Flood = 175,000 to 220,500 Exceptionally High Flood = Above 220,500 cusecs As per Flood Fighting Plan prepared by the Executive Engineer Suleimanki Barrage (2009) a list of villages and Abadies likely to be inundated at the event of high flood (cause breaching) is included in the Plan and listed below: Villages around the barrage and likely to be inundated at the event of high flood 1 Thakarka Maneki 12 Ghura Ismail Maneki 2 Stia Jhanghar 13 Ghura Mehtab Rai 3 Dharanga 14 Chak Davi Ditta 4 Alika Rohals 15 Bukkan Guddar Ka 5 Rakh Bulewal 16 Boola Chishti 6 Mehtab Garh 17 Rakh Jawaya Baluch 7 Meneka Nikki 18 Kaluwah 8 Gurwala Mehtab Garh 19 Noor Shah 9 Mathila Bhidal 20 Chak Haiderabad 10 Maneki 21 Bareet 11 Mahant Darshan NESPAK-AAB-DMC 35

52 Legend Figure 4.2: Flood Plan near Suleimanki Barrage NESPAK-AAB-DMC 36

53 Surface Water Testing To assess baseline conditions of surface water in the project area, three grab samples were obtained on 11 th November The purpose of the surface water testing is to determine the suitability of the water for irrigation purposes as well as for drinking. The three locations were selected are indicated on Figure 4.4. Two of the locations, on Sutlej River, were near the barrage (left and right undersluice) and one close to the out fall of BS Link Canal. It is important to monitor water quality at the undersluices as water is diverted from the river into the canals at that point. The contractor is obligated to ensure that in case of an extended canal closure, water of comparable quality must be supplied to the areas directly affected by the closure. Determining the quality of water close to the outfall of the BS Link Canal is imperative since it is the main source of water in the Sutlej River. The comparison of test results also indicate the impact of the Fazlika Drain, brings the wastewater from India in the Sutlej River. Furthermore, during project implementation comparative analysis of water quality at the site of on-going activities near the barrage and water quality coming in from the BS Link Canal will assist in establishing the source of any contamination if present. The samples were collected and tested by an EPA authorized laboratory SGS Laboratory. Standard sampling procedures were followed at each site to ensure the integrity of the samples collected and validity of test results. The details of sampling procedure and test results are included in Appendix 4.1. Results The test results are summarized in table 4.4. The water quality parameters were compared against WHO and NEQS levels. The WHO standards strictly adhere to water quality for drinking purposes and are thus very stringent. Though the canals and river water is largely used for irrigation, it is used in some areas for drinking purposes. Therefore WHO standards have been used. The NEQS standards have been drafted for the contamination of water quality by heavy metals and other industrial toxins. However, since the water that flows towards the barrage and into the canals that off-take from it is primarily used for irrigational purposes, the parameters were compared against the United Nation Organization s (UNO) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines for irrigation livestock and poultry in Table 4.5. These guidelines are included in Appendix 4.2. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 37

54 Table 4.4: Laboratory Analysis Report of Surface Water Samples Results Right Left Just after Sr. Parameter Unit Under Under BS link No Sluice Sluice fall into WHO NEQS (11/11/09) (11/11/09) Sutlej River (11/11/09) 01 Odor - Odorless Odorless Odorless ph Turbidity NTU BOD 5 mg/l COD mg/l Total Coli Form MPN/100 ml Total 07 Suspended mg/l Solids (TSS) 08 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/l Chloride (Cl) mg/l Sulphate (SO4) mg/l Nitrates (NO3) mg/l Fluoride (F) mg/l Ammonia mg/l Grease & Oil mg/l <1.0 <1.0 < Chromium (Cr) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 < Copper (Cu) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 < Lead (Pb) mg/l Mercury (Hg) mg/l <0.001 <0.001 < Selenium (Se) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 < Nickel (Ni) mg/l < Silver (Ag) mg/l <0.1 <0.1 < Zinc (Zn) mg/l Barium (Ba) mg/l <0.5 <0.5 < Iron (Fe) mg/l Manganese (Mn) mg/l Chlorine mg/l <0.1 <0.1 < NESPAK-AAB-DMC 38

55 Table 4.5: Laboratory Analysis Report of Surface Water Samples (FAO limits) Results Just after Sr. Parameter Unit Right Left BS link No Under Sluice (11/11/09) Under Sluice (11/11/09) fall into Sutlej River (11/11/09) FAO 01 Electrical Conductivity μs Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/l Chloride (Cl) mg/l Sulphate (SO4) mg/l Nitrates (NO3) mg/l Sodium Absorption meq/l Ratio (SAR) 07 Magnesium mg/l Calcium mg/l Sodium mg/l Potassium mg/l Bicarbonates mg/l Carbonates mg/l <0.5 <0.5 < Analysis of Results WHO Standards: The water quality test results indicate that four parameters exceed WHO standards; Turbidity, Total Coli Form, Lead and Iron in all three surface water sampling points. The water is therefore clearly unsuitable for drinking purposes. However, according to the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (PAK-EPA) 2003, the maximum limit of E-coil is 126 per 100ml in freshwater for recreational use. The numbers of E-coil in the samples are less than 126/100ml therefore the river water is fit for recreational use. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 39

56 FAO Standards: The water quality testing results were compared with the FAO standards for irrigation water as shown in Table-4.5. From the salinity point of view, Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) in all three samples of the surface water was detected within the marginal criteria. Laboratory results for Electrical Conductivity also showed that it was within the usable range. Almost all other parameters tested within the defined limits, except for Potassium which exceeded the limits. The water quality testing results are consistent with the analysis of River Sutlej carried out by IPD in 2007 and tabulated in their Annual 2007 report on water quality. 8 water quality parameters were tested for during the months of December to October 2007 with the conclusion that water quality of Sutlej remains within the safe limits of FAO standards. NEQS Standards: The results have been compared with NEQS 2000 as shown in Table 4.4. All water quality parameters tested were within the defined ranges set by NEQS Ground Water Tubewells and hand pumps are the two most common sources of groundwater within the project area. The Unconfined aquifer can be found as shallow as 3 m depth from the ground level near the barrage and is mainly used for drinking and agricultural purpose. The aquifer constitutes of a stratum of loose sand of high permeability. Groundwater Testing To assess baseline conditions of ground water in the project area, one sample was obtained from an existing hand pump at the barrage on 11 th November 2009 for analysis. The hand pump was located near the right guide bank, upstream of the barrage. It has been observed that the local population uses this water source for drinking and domestic washing by a nearby restaurant. The sampling point is indicated on Figure-4.1. The approximate depth of the bore of the hand pump is 10m from ground level. The sample collected was tested by an EPA authorized laboratory SGS Laboratory. Standard sampling procedures used for surface water sampling were followed for the NESPAK-AAB-DMC 40

57 groundwater sample to ensure the integrity of the samples collected and validity of test results. Results of Groundwater Testing The water quality parameters tested for the groundwater sample are summarized in Table 4.6 and Table 4.7. The parameters were compared against WHO, NEQS and FAO standards. Since groundwater in the area is used for drinking purposes as well, it is important to determine the quality of the water in terms of the WHO Guidelines for drinking water. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 41

58 Table 4.6: Groundwater Test Results Results Sr. Parameter Unit GW No (11/11/09) WHO NEQS 1 ph Odour - Odorless Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/l Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/l Turbidity NTU Ammonia mg/l E-coli No./100ml Flouride mg/l Chloride mg/l Chlorine * mg/l < Oil and Grease mg/l < Arsenic mg/l < Barium mg/l < Chromium mg/l < Cyanide mg/l < Sulphate mg/l Iron mg/l Selenium mg/l < Mercury mg/l < Cadmium mg/l < Copper mg/l < Lead mg/l Nickel mg/l Silver mg/l < Zinc mg/l < Manganese mg/l Color - Pale Yellow Sodium mg/l Nitrate mg/l NESPAK-AAB-DMC 42

59 Table 4.7 Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Purpose FAO Results Sr. Standards Parameter Unit No GW (11/11/09) 1 Electrical Conductivity (EC) µs/cm x Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) meq/l (meq/l) 3 Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) mg/l ND - 4 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/l Calcium Hardness mg/l Magnesium Hardness mg/l Magnesium mg/l Ammonia mg/l Sulphate mg/l Sodium mg/l Chloride mg/l Analysis of Results WHO Standards The suite of contaminants and test results are summarized in Table-4.6. The test results indicate that the groundwater quality is unsuitable for drinking purposes. 3 parameters, Lead, Turbidity and Iron exceeded the defined WHO limits for drinking water. It is envisaged that the higher concentrations of contaminants in shallow groundwater is due to the recharge of groundwater from contaminated river water. However, groundwater from a higher depth is likely to achieve the WHO drinking water standards. FAO Standards The water quality test results were also compared against FAO standards to determine the groundwater s suitability to be used for irrigation as well. The analysis of the single groundwater sample shows that all parameters necessary for irrigation water are within the safe FAO limits. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 43

60 NEQS Standards The groundwater quality parameters all tested within the safer limits of NEQS standards. Groundwater Quality in Canal Command Areas The secondary data for groundwater quality has been collected from the Directorate of Land Reclamation and SMO offices for canals command areas. The groundwater was classified on the basis of laboratory analysis arranged by SMO for Electrical Conductivity (EC), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) during For ease in description, the groundwater has been expressed as usable, marginal and hazardous for irrigation as determined by the adverse value of any of the above mentioned three parameters. The classification criteria used is not intended to be strict in relation to the effects of irrigation waters on soil and crop growth and can be truly adjusted according to environmental factors such as climate, type of soil, crops grown and management practices. SMO also carried out testing for ph and EC in the filed by using digital ph and EC meters and sent all the water samples to the laboratory for detailed chemical analysis. The samples were analyzed for EC, SAR and RSC. These parameters are used for the classification of water as usable, marginal and hazardous. Usable Marginal Hazardous EC x 10 6 µs/cm > 3000 RSC (meq/l) > 5.0 SAR (mg/l) > 18 The groundwater quality within the canal command areas are summarized in table 4.8. Table 4.8: Shallow Ground Water Quality within Canal Command Areas No. of Shallow Water Quality Command Water Usable Marginal Hazardous Area of Samples No. % No. % No. % Pakpattan Sadiqia Fordwah Source: SMO reports publication No. 29, 33 and 35 The overall shallow ground water quality in Fordwah Canal Command Area when compared to a survey done in indicates that the usable category of present survey has NESPAK-AAB-DMC 44

61 decreased by 16%, whereas marginal and hazardous water quality have increased by 12% and 4%, respectively. Likewise for Sadiqia, the usable category has decreased by 14% while the marginal and hazardous have increased by 4% and 10 % respectively, as compared to the survey. This might be due to heavy pumpage of private tubewells which were installed and operated by the farmers in the command area to meet with the crop water requirements of the area. The drought conditions prevailing in the country since 1960 after the Indus Water Treaty also played role in the deterioration of shallow water quality as fresh water recharge remained comparatively less than pumpage. No survey in was done for Pakpattan Canal Command Area. 4.3 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT The existing habitats within the project area include the agricultural land, wetland (including the reservoir, canal system and small water impoundments) of these the agricultural land occupied most of the area. The wetland is an important ecological feature of the site and is a repository to a number of bird s species. The area is open for shooting under the shooting permit issued by the Wildlife Department Flora The Flora can be divided into two parts:- Riverian Tract Adjacent Inland Area Riverian Tract In riverian tract, especially in pond area the succession of vegetation, first colonizes are grasses and Typha followed by Tamarix as the soil become consolidated and is raised by the new silt deposition in the scrub, so that the vegetation is no longer completely submerged and erect tree growth becomes possible. As the soil gets stabilized and drained the forest community normally progresses to Acacia nilotica and Dalbergia sissoo. In its present state, the flora of Riverian Alluvial deposits can be listed as follows:- Trees 1. Lai (Tamarix dioca) 2. Pilchi (Tamarix gallica) 3. Babool (Acacia nilotica) 4. Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) 5. Beri (Zizyphus yujuba) NESPAK-AAB-DMC 45

62 6. Jand (Prospis spicigera) 7. Mesqette (Prosopis juliflora) 8. Mesquette (Prosopis glandulosa) 9. Bhen/Poplar (Populus euphratica) 10. Khabbal (Cynodon dactylon) 11. Kanwal (Melolotus oralifolia) 12. Munj (Erianthus munja) 13. Kia (Sacchrum spontaneum) 14. Kunder (Typha elephantine) Whereas the trees provide a habitat for birds the solid ground below is the houses of mammals. The margin line of Typha and grasses becomes a good habitat for reptiles while the fish occupy the adjacent waters. Adjacent Inland Area Adjacent area is either on the river banks or on risen parts of the consolidated alluvial deposits within the pond. The natural flora of inland area is as follows:- Trees: Salvadora oleoides (Peelo), Prosopis juliflora (Jangli kiker), Tamarix aphylla (Farash), Dalbergia sisso (Shishm), Acacia nilotica (Kiker), Albizzia lebbec (Sars) Kiker, Shishm, Sufaida and Tarmail were the main type of trees found along the embankments. Shrubs: Calotropis procera (Aik), Prosopis glandulosa (Jangli kiker), Zizyphus nummularia, Capparis aphylla (Karir), Herbs: Boerhavia diffusa(itsit), Fomaria indica (Pitpapra), Carthamus oxycantha (Pohli), Peganum harmala (Hermal), Alhagi camelorue (Jawann). Grasses: Cynodom dacylon, (Khabal), Desmostachya bipinnata (Dab), Dicanthium annulatum (chimber), Sporobolus sp. Imperata cylindrica (Seer). Exotics Trees in Adjacent Area Near the banks some exotic tree species have been introduced over the time. Some of these are:- NESPAK-AAB-DMC 46

63 1. Mulberry (Morus alba) 2. Bakain (Melia azadarach) 3. Shirin/siris (Albizzia lebeck) 4. Sufaida (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) 5. Ipal ipal (Minosifolia) 6. Burr (Ficus bengalensis) 7. Pipal (Ficus religiosa) 8. Mango (Mangifera indica) 9. Jaman (Eugenia Jambolana) 10. Toot (Moris Alba) The tree density at the barrage is medium and high along the embankments. Shishm and kiker are the most common trees found on site. There are total 309 numbers of matured trees (more than 80% are Sufaida) found within the recommended location of flood bypass channel, requiring uprooting for the construction activities; Figure-4.3 indicates the tree counting on site imagery. Economic Ecological Value of the Flora The above listed flora consist of trees-shrubs-herbs and grasses. The flora on the whole has following economic and ecological values: 1. Production Value: Timber, fuel wood and non-timber produce. 2. Protection Values Soil conservation, wind breaks and protection and habitats for fauna. 3. Environmental Values Production of oxygen, carbon absorption, cooling of air temperature. 4. Aesthetic Values Trees as green dimension tool of landscape the other vegetation supplements that. 5. Cultural Values Various produce available out of the flora shape the habits and culture of the adjacent population. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 47

64 6. Strategic Value Near the project area there is Rangers out post and the scale vegetation on the site provides camouflage as well as obstacle value to the area. 7. Rehabilitation Value Succession of vegetation on alluvial soil in the river builds up the soil at advance stage this process can add more lands to agriculture use. The total removable trees are 309 which are almost all Eucalyptus. It is inevitable to remove these trees. Replacement plantations are arranged at alternate sites as given in the plantation plan in EMP up to 5 plants every one plant uprooted. The estimated cost of a mature tree of Eucalyptus is Rs So the total economical value of the uprooted trees is Rs. 309,000. The Eucalptus tree does not have any positive ecological and environmental value and is not a recommended plant for new plantation. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 48

65 Figure 4.3: Tree Count Falling in Proposed Flood Bypass Channel Map NESPAK-AAB-DMC 49

66 4.3.2 Terrestrial Fauna The rich Fauna of Sutlej River at Sulemanki Barrage, upstream in the barrage head pond and downstream in the released waters, is as follows: the data collected from the Wildlife department and from the EIA study conducted for Islam Barrage Rehabilitation & Upgradation Mammals Species Scientific Name Status Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi Common Mongoose Herpestes anropunctatous Common Porcupine Hystrise indica Common Hedge Hog Hemiechinus spp. Common Fox Valpes bengalensis Less Common Jackal Canis aureus Common Wild Boar Sus scrofa Common House Rat Rattus rattus Common Yellow House Bat Scotphilus Common Hare Lepus nigricollis Common Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus Rare Hog Deer Axis porcinus Rare Black Buck Disambiguation Rare Reptiles & Amphibian Species Scientific Name Status Frogs Common Toads Common Marsh crocodiles Crocodylus palustris Now extinct Sand Boa or Du-muhi Erys Johnii Common Chequared keel back Natrix piscator Common Snake Dark-bellied marsh Snake Xenochrophis cerasogaster Common Striped river Snake Enhydris pakistanica Rare Gecko Hemidactylus Common Dhaman Ptyas mucosus Rare Striped Keel back Amphiosma estolata Rare Indian Cobra Naja naja Common Indian Monitor Lizard Veranus bengalensis Common Variety of lizards, krait and viper Common NESPAK-AAB-DMC 50

67 Turtles Hard shelled Species Scientific Name Status Common River Turtle Hardella Thurjii Common Brahminy River Turtle Hardella thurgi Common Flap Shells Species Scientific Name Status Indian Flapshell Turtle Lissymes punctata Common Brown River Turtle Kachuga Smithin Common True Soft Shells Species Scientific Name Status Narrow Headed soft shell Chitra indica Rare turtle Indian soft shelled turtle Trionysc gangeticus Rare (Sunworshippens) Common Tortois Common Birds The barrage pond area provide the habitat of many rare species of migrating and protected species of the local birds. Partridge and Peacock are the local protected species of the birds found in project area. Many rare species of waterfowl also visit this site during winter. The list of birds is prepared during the consultation of wildlife department. Species Scientific Name Status White breasted kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis Common Pied kingfisher Ceryle rudis Common Little egret Egretta garryetta Common Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis Common Pond heron Areleola grayii Common Little bittern Ixobrychus minutes Common Red-vented bulbul Pyenonotus cafer Common Black drongo Dicrurus macrocercus Common Rosy starling Sturnus vulgaris Common Common myna Acridotheres tristis Common Bank myna Acridotheres ginginianus Common House crow Corvas splendens Common Large pied wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis Common NESPAK-AAB-DMC 51

68 Ring dove Streptopelia decaocto Common Little brown dove Streptopelia senegalensis Common Indian roller Coracias benghalensis Common Plain prinia Prinia inornata Common Purple sunbird Nectarinia asiatica Common Indian robin Saxicoloides fulicata Common Coppersmith barbest Megalaima rubricapilla Common Rose-ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri Common Black-crowned night heron Nycticorax nycticorax Common Greater coucal Centropus sinensis Common Asian koel Eudynamys scolopacea Common Golden-back woodpecker Dinopium javanense Common Yellow-crowned woodpecker Dendrocopos mahrattensis Common Barn owl Tyto alba Common Spotted owlet Athene brama Common Blue-rock pigeon Columba livia Common Yellow-throated sparrow Petronia xanthocollis Common Sind sparrow Passer pyrrhonotus Common River tern Sterna aurantia Common White spoon bill Platalea leucorodia Rare White tailed plover Vanellus leucurus Rare Black Winged stilt Himantopus himantopus Common Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis Common Common coot Fulica atra Common Common pochard Aythya ferina Common Common sand piper Actitis hypaleucus Common Black Headed goose Anser indicus Rare Red crested pochard Netta rufina Rare Tufted duck Aythy fuligula Rare Pond heron Ardeola Grayti Common River tern Sterna aurantia Common NESPAK-AAB-DMC 52

69 4.3.4 Fish The most important typies of game fish found in Indus valley are Palla (Tenua losa ilisha) and Mahasheer (Torputitora spp.) which are an exceptional species. But due to construction of a series of barrages Palla cannot migrate from sea upwards and is almost extinct from river waters. Upward breeding movement of Mahasheer is also restricted due to barrages. The data included in this section is collected during the site meeting with the fishing contractors and visit at the local office of Fisheries Department. Mainly the fish is exported to big cities like Multan, Lahore, Karachi etc, however small quantity of fish is sold by the vendors along the road near the barrage. Fishing is not allowed within 500m of the barrage upstream and downstream. The contractor(s) can go up to 6 to 7 km from both side of the barrage to catch the fish. Specially designed net (Jal) by the fishermen are the common tool of catching fish. It has been found that more than 90% of the people live around the barrage are connected with the fishing industry during the fishing season. The most common type of fish found at the barrage are Mali, Gulfam, Sangari, Raho, Talapi, Mori and Soul. Fisheries play a significant role in Pakistan economy and contribute towards full filling the food requirement of the country. There are also handful numbers of fish shops at the Barrage where both raw and fried fish are sold. People from the surrounding big cities and towns i.e. Okara, Kasor, Pakpattan, Depalpour etc visit at the barrage to enjoy the fresh fried fish during the fishing season. The fishing season commence on October and finish by mid of February. During off season local people get involve with agricultural work or temporarily move to the cities to avail money earning opportunities. Fishes Commonly Found in River Sutlej Upstream and Downstream Sulemanki Barrage Local Name Scientific Name Daula Dumbra Dumbro Gulfam Khagga Khagga Mori Mullee Rohu Channa marulius Labeo rohita Labeo rohita Cyprinus carpio Mystus (Mystus) bleekeri (Day) Rita rita Barilius Vagra Wallago attu Labeo rohita NESPAK-AAB-DMC 53

70 Saul Singhara Singhari Singhi Theil Thaila Theili Channa marulius (Ham) Channa striatus (Bloch) Mystus (Osteobagrus) seenghala Mystus (Osteobagrus) aor Heteropneustes fosslis Catla Catla Catla catla Catla catla IUCN Status of identified species Status of each species is indicated in column three of the list. No IUCN red list is available for particular reference to Sulemanki Barrage and surrounding area, however the listed species have been broadly categorized in IUCN list on global basis as follow; Endangered: Hog Deer (mammal) and Narrow Headed soft shell turtle (Turtle) Vulnerable: common River Turtle (Turtle), Gulfam (fish), Singhi (Fish) All other species are of Least Concern or Not Evaluated in IUCN List It can be concluded from the above data that as long as there is no drastic change in the general river habitat there can hardly any impact on Fish habitats. In anyway, the biological interbalance in the ecosystem is healthy that all minor changes do not cross the limits of ecological shock absorbers. 4.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS General A survey was carried out to appraise prevailing socio-economic conditions of the related community in the project areas and to assess the impacts of envisaged rehabilitation and upgradation of Sulemanki Barrage on local settlements to cover all the possible options of work scheme. To achieve the project objectives, it is imperative to study the prevailing socioeconomic and socio cultural aspects of their livelihood. For this purpose a socioeconomic survey was conducted to assess the socio-economic condition of the people. The study was completed by December Study Area Sulemanki Barrage is located in Tehsil Depalpur, District Okara. Okara derived its name from a tree known as OKAAN which was standing on the embankment of a water tank, NESPAK-AAB-DMC 54

71 being maintained by a person known as RANA. Prior to colonization, that was the only place for rest and drinking water in an otherwise, barren tract. The Okara district is composed of three Sub Divisions/Tehsils Okara, Renala Khurd and Depalpur. The Okara district is bounded by district Faisalabad and Sheikhupura on the north-west where river Ravi forms the natural boundary for the whole length of Okara district which is about 40 kilometers. Okara has a wide variety of culture reflecting the traditions and customs of the area. Fairs, Festivals and Sports Melas (Public congregations) held here. People from different places visit these fairs. Temporarily shops put up for visitors shopping. Items of entertainment which attract the people are tent pegging, horse races, donkey race, fight between hounds with a bear, dog race, cock fighting, wrestling bouts, kabaddi, circus, Theatre, touring cinemas, volley ball and foot ball matches etc. Folk singers thrill the crowds. All these items are the sources of enjoyment for all age groups. Depalpur has a great historic past and is a very ancient town. The fortified town of Depalpur is built on an old Kashan site (40 A.D. to 172 A.D.). Depalpur fell on the way to Dehli and, as such, was considered to be a place where an invader could be engaged. Depalpur, therefore, was one of the 3 lines of defence: the other 2 being Uch Sharif/Multan and Samana/Sunam and Hansi. (Aaeen-e-Akbari. Vol 1 Part II, Page 1042, by Abul Fazal). Main castes of the area are Kharrals, Sials, Wattos, Mohars etc. Total area is 2502 sq. Kms Data Source/Methodology Findings/conclusion of the present socio-economic study of the Project Area based on sample survey, discussion and meetings with the stakeholders and published data Secondary Data Secondary data was collected from various sources as given below: District Population Census Report, 1998 Provincial Population Census Report of Punjab 1998 Pakistan 2003 Mouza Statistics (Settled Areas) Primary Data It was difficult to interview every household from the Project Area as the time and cost involved in such data collection and analysis was enormous. Thus for the selection of respondents simple random sampling technique was adopted. According to ADB guidelines, 20percent of the total households residing in the vicinity of Sulemanki Barrage was calculated to determine the sample. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 55

72 The sample size was 66 households. Another very important section of the society i.e. gender analysis was also covered in the study. The numerical reality that women constitute about half of the total population of Pakistan ideally assigns to them equal participation role in the economic life of the country. Therefore 46 female respondents were interviewed by female Sociologist. Totally 112 questionnaires were filled at different locations in the study area. Among the respondents 66 were males for household survey and 46 were females for gender survey. The respondents were from all walks of life having different professional backgrounds Questionnaire Design Following Questionnaires were designed and administered for the study: Questionnaire for Village Profile Questionnaire for Households Questionnaire for Gender Analysis All the questionnaires were pre-tested in the field and required modifications were made before the initiation of actual survey. A survey team consisting of three experienced Sociologists was constituted (two males & one female). Briefing sessions were held for the survey team members to explain the objectives of the study. Questionnaires were also discussed in detail in the briefing session. To ensure that each interviewer understood the meaning of each question Culture Concept of culture can provide ways of explaining and understanding human behavior, belief systems, values and ideologies, as well as particular culturally specific personality types. Culture is the full range of learned human behavior patterns. Culture is a powerful human tool for survival, but it is a fragile phenomenon. It is constantly changing and easily lost because it exists only in our minds (Edward B Tyler ) Settlement Structure The information regarding settlements is given in Table 4.9 There are two major types of settlements in rural study area. Farm Village It is the type where farmers are assembled in a village in the center of the farmland of the mouza/village. They cultivate outlying fields. Table 4.9 reveals that 36 percent, 45 percent and 55 percent villages have one settlement in Tehsil Depalpur, District Okara and Punjab province respectively. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 56

73 Nebulous Farm This is the type where some of the farmers live in a village and till the surrounding fields, while other are scattered beyond the village to live on the isolated farms. Data presented in table 4.1 shows that 63 percent, 53 percent and 42 percent villages comprises more than one settlements in Tehsil Depalpur, District Okara and Punjab province respectively. About 1 percent, 2 percent and 3 percent mouzas / villages are unpopulated in Tehsil Depalpur District Okara and Punjab province respectively. Table 4.9: Settlement Structure Area Depalpur Tehsil Okara District Total Rural Mouza s Number of Settlements One Nos. % Nos. % Nos. % Nos. % 10 & Above Nos. % Rural Unpopulat ed Villages Nos % Punjab Province Source: Mouza statistics (Settled Areas) Government of Pakistan Statistics Division. Agriculture Census Organization Religion Religion is instinctive to man. It is inseparable from human society. Man is only a religious being. Religion affects human behavior deeply. Religion helps to knit the social values of a society into cohesive whole. It is the ultimate source of social cohesion. The primary requirement of society is the common possession of social values by which individuals control the actions of self and others and through which society is perpetuated. These social values emanate from religious faith. Religion is the foundation upon which these values rest. It is religion that asks man to renounce unsocial activities and requires him to accept limitations upon his wants and desires. All the religions have preached love and nonviolence. They have emphasized sacrifice and forbearance. Table 4.10 shows percentage distribution of the total population of the study area is 100percent Muslim. They constitute 98 percent in District Okara and percent in Punjab Province. Percentage of Christian population is 1.80 percent in District Okara and 1.90 percent in Punjab Province. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 57

74 Table 4.10: Religion (Percent) Area Muslim Christian Hindu Qadiani/Ahmadi Schedule Caste Others Study Area Okara District * 0.1 * * Punjab Province * 0.1 *Very small number (not significant) Source: i) District Census Report 1998 ii) Provincial Census Report of Punjab Population Census Organization Language Punjabi language is spoken by 95.7 percent in Okara District. Punjabi is very important language which is very common in study area. About 3.5 percent individuals are speaking urdu in Okara District and 4.5 percent in Punjab province as given in Table Table 4.11: Languages (Percent) Area Urdu Punjabi Sindhi Balochi Pushto Siraiki Others Study Area Okara District * * Punjab Province *Very small number (not significant) Source: i) District Census Report ii) Provincial Census Report of Punjab Population Census Organization Baradri The baradri (brotherhood) is an important aspect of the rural society. Various branches of baradri may not be living in the same locality. Mostly baradries form on the basis of blood relation, caste and occupation. Baradri plays an important role in the farm events e.g. birth, death, marriage etc. in the study area. If a ceremony is done properly it adds prestige to the baradri and enhances the beauty of the occasion. People of the same baradri usually have sympathetic feelings for each other. Vartan Bhaji, a custom in which they exchange gifts on special occasions, is a very common affair of the baradri in the study area. Baradri is a sign NESPAK-AAB-DMC 58

75 of solidarity and unity. It is the evidence of an integrated and pleasant social order relationship Demographic Characteristics The demographic characteristics of study area comprising Depalpur Tehsil and comparison with the statistics of Okara District and Punjab Province are shown in Table According to the 1998 census the population of the Depalpur Tehsil 1.03 million inhabitants. The annual population growth rate of Depalpur Tehsil Okara district and Punjab province is estimated as 2.58, 2.42 and 2.64 percent respectively on the basis of intercensal period of Population is projected by using annual population growth rate of for Depalpur Tehsil, Okara District and Punjab Province as given in Table The table indicates that current population is 1.37 million in Depalpur Tehsil. The population density based on the projected figure for 2009 is calculated as 547 persons per sq.km in Depalpur Tehsil whereas 666 and 479 persons per sq. km in Okara district and Punjab province respectively. The population density Depalpur Tehsil and in Okara District is higher as compared to Punjab Province. Household size may also effects the economic situation of the household. Bigger household size may mean more hands to do farm work or non farm work. It can also mean more mouths to feed. Table No reveals that the average household size 6.8, 6.2, 6.5 and 6.9 in study area, Depalpur Tehsil, Okara District, and Punjab province respectively is almost the similar. The relative proportion of two sexes in the total population is an important demographic feature. Sex composition profoundly affects the social and economic behavior of population. It gives the proportion of males to females and is commonly expressed as the number of males per 100 females. The male female ratio in the study area (107:100) is higher as compared to the ratio in Depalpur Tehsil and Okara District. The dependency ratio of any area have negative effect on socio-economic aspects of life i.e. especially on per capita income and ultimately on the standard of living. Table 4.12 indicates that the dependency ratio (63 percent) in the study area is lower as compared rural population of Depalpur, Okara District and Punjab province. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 59

76 Table 4.12: Demographic Characteristics Area Area (Sq. Kms) Annual Growth Rate (1998) Depalpur Tehsil Population Populati on Density (2009) House -hold Size Sex Ratio (1998) Rural Propor tion (2009) Depende ncy Ratio (2009) Okara District Punjab Province Project Area Source: i) District Census Report 1998 ii) Provincial Census Report of Punjab 1998, Population Census Organization Age Distribution of Respondents Age is another important demographic characteristic which has a bearing on the employment and mobility. A study of distribution of heads of households by age will throw some light on the type of strategies which may be helpful in raising their income and employment. The data about age of household head (respondent) in study area as presented in Table Indicates that relatively more sample respondents fall in age group of years. The average age of sample respondents in Study area is 50 years. Table.4.13: Age Distribution of Sample Respondents by household Categories (Percent) Age Group Years Farm Non Farm Household Overall Household Upto & above Source: Sample Survey NESPAK-AAB-DMC 60

77 4.4.7 Caste / Baradries The word caste comes from the Portuguese casta, meaning lineage. The male respondents belong to different castes. Majority of the sample households (44 percent) belong to Mohar, 30 percent Watoo, 9 percent Kharal, 8 percent Rajpoot family whereas 9percent belong to other castes like Arain, Dhool, Bhandara etc. as detailed in Table Table Households Distribution According to Caste Sr. No Caste/Baradri Nos. Percent 1 Mohar Wattoo Kharal Rajpoot Arain Dhool Bhandara Phulerwan Kalia Kumhar Total Source: Sample Survey Disputes And Their Resolution About 23 percent of the households informed that they had disputes with other i.e. land, live stock, fodder stealing, house, water turn, women and children related and resolved through Biratheries, Religious Leader, MPAs and at Police Station. While 77percent respondents revealed that they don t have any disputes with others Education A study of educational status not only provides guidelines to policy makers but also help in understanding the demographic behavior of the population (Malik 1967). The literacy level is one of the factors which determine the quality of the human resources. The low percentage of literacy gives the indication of cultural barriers to the spread or innovations and scientific methods. The data given in Table 4.15 indicates that the proportions of literate sample respondents are 47percent in study area. Furthermore literacy rate in the large B farmers (73 percent) is more as compared with all categories of farm size. The literacy level of respondents of medium, large A and large B farm size is 49 percent, 52 percent and 73 percent respectively, whereas literacy level of non-farm household respondents is NESPAK-AAB-DMC 61

78 39percent. Data reveals that an increase in size of holding was found to have positive impact on the literacy rate.the number of education institutions reflect the status of literacy and education level in particular area. There are 5 Primary School for boys, 4 Primary School for girls 2 Middle School for boys and 1 Middle School for girls at villages Nahal Mahar, Dullayke Mahar, Qasimke Mahar and Basirpur Town. There is also one High School for boys and one High School for girls in the study area at the distance of 7 km to 23 Kms. There are 2 Degree Colleges one for boys and one for girls in Basirpur at the distance of 7Kms. Table 4.15: Education Level of Sample Population (Percent) Literacy Small Less than Small B 5 to Less Medium 12.5 to Large A 25 to Large B 50 Acres Non Farm Total 5 Acres than 12.5 Acres Less than 25 Acres Less than 50 Acres & Above Househo lds Literate Illiterate Total Source: Sample Survey Occupation It is useful to have information about occupational distribution of members of the sample households. Such information will facilitate better planning and execution of the project. The rural community in the study area consists of two groups. Farmers and those who are landless / non farm households. Farmers, who own or lease / encroach land, derive their living by cultivating the farm land. This community may also supplement the farms income by raising animals and off farm work. The members of non farm community generally do agriculture labour, business, services, operating small shops, daily wage work, milk processing and sales and other services to earn the income to fulfill their living necessities. They conduct such business in their own village and nearby villages and in urban areas. About 77 percent and 23 percent of the sample head of households of the area are engaged in agriculture and non farm activities respectively (Table- 4.16) NESPAK-AAB-DMC 62

79 Table 4.16: Occupation (Percent) Occupation Major Minor I Minor II Agriculture Labour Business Milk Selling Service Fish Farm Black Smith Grind Mechine (Chakki) Imam Masjid Total Source: Sample Survey Habitation Housing facilities of the households reflect their financial position and living standard. Habitation is identified as a space occupied for develling purposes and is further classified according to the type of structure into three categories i.e. pucca, kacha and wood. Pucca houses are constructed with baked bricks/ blocks / stones with cement and concrete bounded. Kacha houses are made of unbaked bricks / earth bounded whereas wood houses are made of wood / bamboos. As shown in Table 4.17 the average numbers of rooms per household are 1.9 and 2.3 in the Okara District and Punjab Province area respectively. The numbers of rooms in both cases are not sufficient. Table 4.17: Habitation (Percent) Wall Material Okara District Punjab Province Overall Rural Overall Rural Baked Bricks / Blocks / Stones Unbaked Bricks / Earth Bounded Wood / Bamboo Other Rooms per house Persons / Rooms Source: i) District Census Report 1998 ii) Provincial Census Report of Punjab 1998, Population Census Organization Statistic Division, Government of Pakistan NESPAK-AAB-DMC 63

80 Health The population settle on embankment have no proper access to health facilities in the area and have to travel Nehal Mohar, Basirpur and Haveli Lakha for their treatment at the distance of 1Km, 7 kms and 23 kms respectively. All population takes treatment from Doctors. Health condition of the people generally very poor due to commonly prevalent health issues i.e. male nutrition, due to high rate of child birth, typhoid, cholera, malaria, and skin diseases etc Drinking Water Facilities The main cause of most of the communicable and abdominal disease is non availability of clean drinking water. Bradley (1976) has dwelt on a number of tropical diseases relating to water supply. About different diseases may be caused by water supply for example, viral, bacterial, protozal and helminthic diseases. According to him these diseases may be water borne (infectious) water- bases (due to lack of water) and water related (from insects in water). From the above, it can be concluded that suitable safe drinking water is important factor promoting human health and productivity. During survey it was found that all families had installed hand pumps and electric motors inside and outside their houses. The proportion of hand pumps for drinking water in the rural areas of district Okara and Punjab Province households is estimated as 76 percent and 78 percent respectively which is also quite high as compared to other sources (Pipe, Well, Pond, etc) of drinking water (Table 4.18) Table 4.18: Source of Drinking Water Sources Okara District Punjab Province All Areas Rural All Areas Rural INSIDE Pipe (Nul) Hand Pump Well OUTSIDE Pipe (Nul) Hand Pump Well Pond Others Source: i) District Census Report 1998 iii) Provincial Census Report of Punjab 1998, Population Census Organization Statistic Division, Government of Pakistan NESPAK-AAB-DMC 64

81 Energy Sources Energy is vital for Socio-economic development. Unluckily, due to isolation living of the scattered population, rural electrification is missing at the Dharanga spur area i.e. 6 households resulting in the alternative use of kerosene oil for lighting. According to District/Province census 1998, electricity is used by 65percent, and 63percent households in Okara District and Punjab Province rural areas respectively (Table 4.19). Table 4.19 Source of Light (Percent) Sources Okara District Punjab Province All Areas Rural All Areas Rural Electricity Kerosine Oil Others Source: i) District Census Report 1998 iv) Provincial Census Report of Punjab 1998, Population Census Organization Statistic Division, Government of Pakistan Vulnerable Groups There are two numbers of affected families which are vulnerable due to low income. Due to the affect that these people do not have opportunities elsewhere to work for their livelihood; that s why they are having abode along the right marginal bund of Suleimanki Barrage for doing their petty labour. In addition to the compensation for their assets, the vulnerable households will have an additional allowance of one month income/wages Gender Issues Gender problems are critical and are connected to a sustainable development process, which is usually perceived as women specific issues. In order to assess socio-economic impact of running project on women of the project area, 46 females respondents were interviewed by female sociologist. Generally, the women carry out household work and look after the family and children. But such family labor is unpaid and is assigned no imputed value which calculated the Gross National Product (GNP) of the country. In the rural areas, women do carry out agricultural activities such as sowing, harvesting, threshing and storage of crops, collection of fodder and livestock care. In addition, women are engaged in non-farm activities such as sewing, knitting and cottage industry etc. Although, such activities provide supplementary income for their household, these are not fully captured in the computation of GNP. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 65

82 The numerical reality that women constitute about half of the total population of Pakistan ideally assigns to them equal participation role in the economic life of the country and through this approach; we cannot ignore their role in development sector. Therefore survey was conducted by Gender Specialist. Focus group discussions were also held with the women residing along the RMB as well as Dhranaga spur. Ensure representation and presence of women from different socio-economic groups in all meetings. The study has identified a range of positive and negative impacts of resettlement. Some of the positive impact of the rehabilitation and upgrading of the Suleimanki barrage are enhanced economic growth of the surrounding of those particular areas through increasing water efficiency. It is the beacon of economic survival for those families who are often disturbed during flood season in the shape of their livelihood, houses and standing crops losses. The flood also becomes a cause of livestock loss, which supplements their income. The implementation of the project will play important role to save human lives and economic resources of the area. Social impacts of resettlement activities tend to affect women more than men. Breakdown of social interaction with community is a direct result of dislocation which can affect women badly Socio-economic and cultural aspects i) Marital Setup The survey results indicate that 94 percent women get married within their families. The custom of inter family marriages is very common in the project area. Such marriages are as not only a link between man and a woman but it also play role to unite their parents' families. ii) Women Marriage Age Women age at marriage also contributes a lot in terms of their health (particularly reproductive), education and in the role of development. It is common trend in the study area to marry the daughters at early age especially when they grow up/ reach at working age. Survey results show that overall 46 percent of the women married at the age group of 14 to 19 years, 33percent at the age group of 20 to 22 years, 15 percent at the age group of 23 to 25 years and only 7percent at the age group of 26 years and above but not more than 30 years. iii) Women Role in Decision Making It is observed in the field that women have a insignificant role in decision making. Women are actively participated in farm and non-farm activities but have little contribution in making decision in these areas..about 59percent women reported their participation in decision making regarding domestic affairs. However, their participation in respect of property matters or in business affairs is about only 22 percent. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 66

83 Position of Women Women role in development is not a simple one; it relates to a complete range of socio economic activities. Involuntary dislocation may disturb their livelihood. According to the field information it is found that female participation for the betterment of family is more as compared to male. In economic side women participate in agriculture activities. They also work as casual hired labor. Resettlement activities can have direct impact on women, because they are responsible for collecting wood for fuel,feeding livestock and participate a lot for agricultural activities. Unless this impact is addressed in resettlement planning and execution, it could result in women spending more time and resources accessing to fulfill their needs. The field data indicates that 46 percent, 71 percent and 100 percent women participate in agriculture, livestock and domestic activities respectively. Women Participation in Household Tasks Women also play vital role in maintaining domestic function such as cooking, cleaning the house, washing the clothes & pots and looking after the family. Data indicates that almost 100% women involved in cooking, cleaning pots and in family caring activities. Women Participation in Agriculture Activities Women of the study area, undertake much of the work in the fields. Results of the data indicates that 46 percent of families involved in agricultural activities. An increase in size of holding is found to have a negative impact on the participation of women in agricultural activities. All 46 percent women participated in various farming operation for crops of wheat, rice, corn, cotton and fodder. These include cotton seed preparation, irrigation, land preparation, applying manure, sowing, weeding, hoeing, picking cotton & vegetables and collecting chaff and hey etc fodder cutting and livestock rearing. They are also working as a casual hired labor for agriculture. They are working for both season Rabi and Khraif also. It is also observed that wheat, rice, cotton, corn and fodder are the major crops. Women Participation in Livestock Related Tasks Livestock production is an important and integral component of farming systems in the study area. Livestock also contributes a large proportion of the income of farmers with smalllandholdings. Results of the survey indicate that 100 percent families have livestock in their houses. Many of the livestock caring jobs are considered women s work. About 71 percent respondents (women) participated in livestock relating tasks such as cutting/chopping of fodder, feeding, watering, cleaning the shed, bathing etc. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 67

84 Other Economic Activities The rate of women participation in economic activities is very low in Pakistan especially in rural areas. Women participation in economic activities will be increased to remove inequities and imbalances in all sectors of socio-economic development and to ensure women's equal access to all development benefits and social services. Women are working as a causal hired labor in project area but their role in other economic activities is very low due to lack of education and vocational skills. During survey, it is found that only one female is conducting classes in Government High School for girls at village Jamalkot. Existing Women Skills and Needs Generally, the women carry out household work and look after the family and children. In the project area women are also involved in traditionally activities such as sewing, knitting, embroidery, preservation of vegetables and kitchen gardening. But such family labor is unpaid because all such activities which result in direct income generation at home have been classified for unpaid. The survey data indicates that 100% females show their interest in the education of women, and specially interested in vocational/technical training activities such as sewing, embroidery, knitting, soap making and painting etc. In fact, the activities that they could carry out from the home and so not disturb the male patriarchy Socio-economic Impact of the Project on Women A strategy has been developed to minimize involuntary dislocation impacts on women. No female-headed households will be affected due to project activities.efforts have been made to minimize resettlement effects on females. Design engineers kept this in their mind and avoided their dislocation to save four females headed households with other option of the strengthening of the Right Marginal Bund. During the survey, the female respondents gave range of positive and negative perception of the project as follow; Positive Impacts of the Project The rehabilitation and upgrading of Suleimanki Barrage has a major positive impact of flood control. Respondents (women) shared their perception regarding new employment opportunities due to the project. Majority of the women in the area worked as a causal hired labor as well as serve as a domestic maid and they show their interest to work during construction activities. Some of the other positive impacts of project are rise in living standard, generally better educational facilities and access to education for girls, transportation facilities and better road infrastructure in remote areas. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 68

85 Negative Impacts of the Project The adverse impacts on women are related to their day to day activities. Generally, women are responsible for carrying food in the field, wood collection for fuel, and carrying & preparing fodder in the family. Project activities could be restricted for female mobility during construction period. They are largely engaged in the agricultural activities as a causal hired labor and dislocation can result in loss of livelihood. During shifting period, they can not work as a causal hired labor and this will add to women s economic hardships Resettlement Issues The inventory survey reveals that all project activities would be operating on public lands under use by the Punjab Irrigation and Power Department and the project would not require any land acquisition. However, the embankment Right Marginal Bund (RMB) and Dhranga Spur strengthening works would affect 11 residential structures that would need to be relocated. These houses are scattered and located along the Right Marginal Bund and Dhranga Spur on the land of Irrigation & Power Department. All these 11 affected families are squatters. The affected population associated with these families is 99 persons. All the structures are on government land. A resettlement Plan will be prepared according to the ADB Safegaurd Policies and will be submitted under different cover Plate 4.2: A View of Female Participation in Household Relating Task NESPAK-AAB-DMC 69

86 Plate 4 4: A view of females participation for livestock activities Plate 4.6: A view of Kacha Affected House NESPAK-AAB-DMC 70

87 Plate 4.8: Right Divide Wall and Fish Ladder Upstream of Barrage Plate 4.9: Left Divide Wall and Fish Ladder Upstream at Barrage NESPAK-AAB-DMC 71

88 Plate 4.10: Fazilka Drain entering Barrage Pond from India Plate 4.11: Bela Developed in Left Pocket of Pond Area NESPAK-AAB-DMC 72

89 Plate 4.12 : Consultation with Wildlife Staff at Wildlife Public Park Plate 4.13 : Consultation with Fishing Department at Suleimanki Barrage NESPAK-AAB-DMC 73

90 CHAPTER 5: STUDY OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES The analysis of alternatives for the project is a vital part of the EIA process as it gives the opportunity to review and assess different ways of meeting the project objectives so that the environmental impact of the project is minimal. The following options/alternatives were analyzed for strengths and weaknesses of the proposed project: Addition of six new bays along the right flank of the barrage. Provision of flood bypass arrangement. The safe barrage capacity is adopted as 330,000 cusecs, as it was achieved in 1988 flood. The remaining 100,000 cusecs needs to be bypassed through bypass channel. 5.1 NO PROJECT OPTION (WORST CASE SCENARIO OPTION) Analysis: Strength and Opportunities There will be no adverse social impacts as no land will be required from private/illegal settlers and for immigrating new settlers. The recurring cost of the Project will be avoided. The irrigation systems downstream of the canals command area (CCA) of Pakpattan Canal, Sadiqia Canal and Fordwah Canal shall not be interrupted due to project activities. Loss of the agriculture land which may be required for the borrowing area and contractor s facilities (labour camp, batching plants, plant depot etc), will be avoided. The efforts and investments will be saved and will be allocated to another project in case this project is not taken up at all. Weakness and Threats The no project alternative is undesirable as it would mean continued economic, social and environmental losses. There will be loss of property and agricultural land due to uncontrolled breaching along the weakened and damaged embankments in the event of a flood. The local population shall be denied employment and training during project construction phase and later through escalated economic activities. About 100 to 150 cusecs of water will leak through the gates and less water will be available for the canals off take from the barrage. This will adversely impact crop intensity in canal command areas. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 74

91 The aging process along with inadequate/deferred maintenance has contributed to a general deterioration of different components/structures and heavy damages to the regulating gates and hoisting equipment. Any serious damage to this barrage can result in colossal losses in the form of total or partial disruption of irrigation supplies, non/less-production of agricultural crops within the canals command area, loss of government revenue, rehabilitation cost of emergency repairs, thus adversely affecting the national economy in additional to human sufferings beside multitude of social and environmental hazards. The minimum duration require for the construction of similar barrage will be easily 5 years plus. Around 13,900 Acres of land, property and infrastructure may be flooded in the event of high flood such as the one that occurred in ADDITION OF NEW BAYS Option 1: The following components are included in this option Strengthening of RMB and LMB by raising heights up to 5ft above HFL. Construct 6 new water bays of 60ft each at the right end of the barrage, as shown in figure 5.1. Necessary alteration in the barrage structure associated with the addition of bays i.e. relocation of guide wall(s), canal head regulators, marginal bunds etc. Increase the barrage capacity by developing cunnet within the bella and flush the bella during high flow. Gate Repair Work Improvement in Wildlife Public Park Strength and Opportunities Minimize the requirement of breach at the event of high flood. Gates repair work will rectify leakage losses through the damage gates and more water will be available for irrigation purpose in the canals. Employment and training opportunities for the local population which will provide them life time benefits. Rehabilitation of Wildlife Park involve plantation of hundreds of new trees, which will improve the aesthetic value and enhance the biodiversity of the area. Formation of cunnet within the bela will allow the bela to be washed in the event of flood and the barrage will become capable of passing discharge to its maximum capacity. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 75

92 Weaknesses and Threats Higher adverse social impacts as the numbers of existing shops and houses, including Ranger s rest house situated along right guide wall will be required to relocate for the construction of new bays. Temporary adverse environmental impacts on wildlife habitat during construction phase. Higher project cost compare to option 2. Hundreds of matured trees will be uprooted to clear the area for the construction of new bays and relocating the existing structure e.g. canal head regulator, right guide wall etc. Construction phase will consist on longer duration and therefore elongated adverse environmental impacts i.e. dust pollution, noise pollution etc are envisaged. Higher environmental management cost, mainly due to the higher environment monitoring cost during the construction phase. 5.3 OPTION 2: PROVISION OF FUSEPLUG WEIR AND FLOOD BYPASS CHANNEL (SELECTED OPTION FOR DETAIL DESIGN) The main components in this option include Strengthening RRE and LRE by raising heights up to 5ft above HFL. Flood water bypass channel of capacity 100,000 cusecs. The anticipated channel dimensions are 1100ft bed width and 16ft flow depth with side slope 2H:1V, Figure3.1 shows the layout. Road Bridge over flood bypass channel. Provision of spillway/fuse plug at RMB. Level crossing across Pakpattan Canal. Increase the barrage capacity by developing cunnet within the bela and flush the bela during high flow. Gate Repair Work Improvement in existing Wildlife Public Park Strength and Opportunities Strengthening of embankments will minimize uncontrolled breaching, occur in the event of high flood. Main town and villages and thousands of agricultural land will be saved from flood damages at the event of high flood by diverting the flood water with flood bypass channel. Lesser disturbance of the wetland from the construction activities. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 76

93 Employment and training opportunities for the local population which will provide them life time benefits. Enhance Bio-diversity with new plantation and re-modeling of the existing Public Park. Gates repair works will rectify leakage losses through the damage gates and more water will be available for irrigation purpose in the canals. Provision of road bridge maintain the link of the barrage with other town through road network. Lower cost compare to other option 1. Weaknesses and Threats Temporary adverse environmental impacts on wildlife habitat during construction phase. 11 No. of houses falling within the work area along the embankments need to be relocated. 309 No. of trees found within the proposed escape channel location will be uprooted. acres of agricultural land will be acquired for escape channel. Temporary adverse environmental impacts from construction activities of road bridge and spillway construction i.e. air pollution, dust pollution, noise pollution etc. 5.4 CONCLUSION No project option is rejected because the feasibility study conducted in 2005 concludes that the Sulemanki Barrage is an unsafe structure. The structural failure of the barrage could cause the colossal losses in the form of human life, wildlife, land, property and irrigation set up. Option 1 has been rejected on the basis of higher adverse environmental and social impacts including inundation of agricultural land and resettlement of the people and business units (shops) situated at the western end of the barrage. Also the option technically ruled out as it disturb the symmetry of the barrage which could encourage shoaling (bela formation) and reduce the barrage capacity. Option 2 considered to be the best option in respect of environmental & social aspects. The work scheme also provides the most cost effective solutions, of the issues identified in feasibility and design calculation, as compare to the other options. Lower part of the proposed flood bypass channel is recommended to develop as a lake, which will enhance the biodiversity of the area. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 77

94 CHAPTER 6: IMPACT ASSESSMENT, MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES This chapter discusses the potential impacts of barrage rehabilitation works which have been identified through the use of standard checklists, and expert knowledge and experience. The impacts identified for the selected option of work scheme were assessed for their significance keeping in mind their consequences, reversibility, occurrence, duration, location, timing etc. The evaluation of the environmental & social impacts has been summarized in Table POTENTIAL IMPACT SOURCES Environmental impacts and social impacts attributed to the Project can be broadly classified into three main groups Impacts during design phase Impacts during construction phase Impacts during operational/post construction phase Some of the impacts can be anticipated and avoided at design stage with appropriate adjustment in the Project Design some can be mitigated by good implementation technique and others by following the operational manual. 6.2 IMPACTS AND MITIGATIION MEASURES ASSOCIATED WITH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT The following impacts are anticipated in case of the implementation of the Project The project will not have any significant adverse impact on the existing residential area other than as a result of increase in noise and dust levels and movement of the additional machinery and traffic. There will be no major loss or damage to livelihood. The temporary employment to the local communities will be given. This will be a significant positive impact. There is no historical monument or archeologically sensitive site hence no apparent impact on such sensitive sites is expected. As far as tree cutting is concerned, survey of the existing trees on the site shows that 309 no. trees will be uprooted on site during construction activities. There will be no permanent and significant adverse impacts on the aquatic ecology of the river and wildlife habitat of the area as seasonal flow regime of the river will NESPAK-AAB-DMC 78

95 remain unchanged. To facilitate the works on the barrage the cofferdams will be built. The environmental impact of cofferdams will be localized and short term (during operation), and which can be mitigated with good engineering practice. Potential adverse environmental impacts of selected work schemes on the physical, biological and socio-economic environment during design, construction and operational phases have been identified. Measures to mitigate these impacts and their residual impact are discussed below. (i) Physical Environment Land Resources Hydrology and Water Resources Air Quality Noise level (ii) Biological Environment Flora Fauna Fish Endangered species (iii) Culture and Heritage (iv) Socio-economic Table 6.1 summarizes the potential impacts associated with the barrage rehabilitation project. The physical, biological, cultural and social impacts have been discussed under preconstruction (design phase), construction and operational phase. Each sub component has been assessed as slight, moderate or significant. The impacts have then been marked as avoidable, mitigable and irreversible. The components so assessed have been discussed and explained after the assessment Table 6.1. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 79

96 Table 6.1 (Sheet 1 of 3): Project Evaluation of Environmental Impacts Category 1. Design Phase Impact Assessment Impact Slight Moderate Significant 1 * 2 ** 3 *** 1 * 2 ** 3 *** 1 * 2 ** 3 *** 1.1 Damage from Retrogression 1.2 Damage to flood retain embankments 1.3 Obstruction to fish migration in the river Obstruction to gate 1.4 Operations and leakage from the damaged gates 2. Construction Phase Physical Environment Land Resources Impacts of location of 2.1 Labour Camp, Batching Plant and equipment & material yard 2.2 Impacts of Waste Disposal site 2.3 Impacts of Borrowing Site 2.4 Damage to Paths, Access Roads and Cross Drains 2.5 Impacts of Crushed Stone 2.6 Transportation Impacts of oil, chemical Spill or Dumping out near Building or House 2.7 Damage the agricultural land or crop destruction * Avoidable through design ** Mitigation through contractor s obligation or by communities through social framework agreement (SAF) *** Non reversible, Permanent change (to be adopted) NESPAK-AAB-DMC 80

97 Table 6.1 (Sheet 2 of 3): Project Evaluation of Environmental Impacts Category Impact Assessment Impact Slight Moderate Significant 2. Construction Phase Physical Environme nt Hydrology and Water Resources Air Quality Noise Impacts of using groundwater as drinking Water & Wastewater disposal Impacts Contamination of Surface water due to construction dismantling of Cofferdam Contamination of surface water due to Electrical Mechanical Work Impact of Extended Canal Closure Impact of Road Bridge Construction Impact of Fuse Plug and Flood Escape Channel Construction Impact of Source of Construction Water Dust Smoke and other Pollutants from Plants & Equipments Smoke from Burning of Waste material or Burning Firewood Impact on Air Quality from Earth Work Activities Noise Pollution from Construction Activities 1* 2** 3*** 1* 2** 3*** 1* 2** 3*** Biological Environm ent 2.19 Damage to Biological Resources 2.20 Disturbance to Wildlife * Avoidable through design ** Mitigation through contractor s obligation or by communities through social framework agreement (SAF) *** Non-reversible, Permanent change (to be adopted) NESPAK-AAB-DMC 81

98 Table 6.1 (Sheet 3 of 3): Project Evaluation of Environmental Impacts Category 2. Construction Phase Impact Assessment Socio Economic 2.21 Impacts due to Land Acquisition IMPACT Slight Moderate Significant 1 * 2 ** 3 *** 1 * 2 ** 3 *** 1 * 2 ** 3 *** 2.22 HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases 2.23 Impacts on Existing Services; education, health, electricity and water supply etc Impacts of finding Archaeological site, Graveyard etc Impact on Public Health & Safety due to Construction activities 2.26 Impact on Employment 2.27 Tribal Tension and local rivalries on canal and aquatic life 3. Post Construction Monitoring and Evaluation as per Operational Manual and Monitoring Plan Impacts due to non -application of the prescribed O&M plan Continuous evaluation of design efficiency * Avoidable through design ** Mitigation through contractor s obligation or by communities through social framework agreement (SAF) *** Non-reversible, Permanent change (to be adopted) NESPAK-AAB-DMC 82

99 6.3 IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING DESIGN PHASE Damage from Retrogression Adverse Environmental Impact Accompanied by pulsating Hydraulic jump, damage to friction blocks and upstream floor of the barrage. Mitigation Measures Repair and grouting the damaged floor and blocks Damage to Flood Retain Embankments Adverse Environmental Impacts The aging process along with inadequate / deferred maintenance has been contributed to general deterioration of the structural integrity of the embankments. This could trigger uncontrolled breaches at the event of flood and cause significant damages of the surrounding area. Mitigation Measures Increase the embankments height and width to increase their resistance against floods Fish Migration Obstruction Design Adequacy of the Fish Ladder Existing fish ladder design is appropriate but obstructions were found in the form of vegetation. There was also some structural damage to stop smooth movement of fish across the ladder. Adverse Environmental Impact The minimum water discharge required to operate the fish ladder is 500 cusecs, which is not feasibly available during the low flow season and therefore the fish ladder is out of order for about 9 to 10 months a year. This triggers the growth of vegetation inside the ladder and obstructs the water flow through the ladder during the couple of months of high flow. Mitigation Measures The structural component of the ladders will be repaired during project implementation. Inspect the fish ladder on a regular basis to make sure that the ladder is in working condition over the whole year and operates effectively during high flow. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 83

100 6.4 IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE Physical Environment (a) Land Resources Impacts of Labor Camp, Batching Plant and Material & Equipment Yard Adverse Environmental Impact: Because of the availability of the ample IPD land near the barrage, this will not cause any serious problem. IPD will arrange the land suggested on figure 1.3 for labour camp and batching. Mitigations Measures: The contractor will, in consultation with residence engineer, resolve the exact location of all these facilities. IPD will arrange the land for the contractor camp and batching plant as indicated on Figures 3.1 and 1.3. If the contractor prefers anyother location then the contractor will be responsible for the additional payment to the land owner(s), responsible for the developing the social & environmental baseline condition and agreed the new proposed location with consultant s environmentalist and PMO Impacts of Waste Disposal Site Adverse Environmental Impacts: There is sufficient IPD land available on site for the Waste Disposal Site and no private land will be required for this purpose. Inadequate disposal of waste could contaminate the land. If the waste is not handled properly it could be a nuisance and cause diseases in the local community. Domestic waste contains a high percentage of readily degradable hydrocarbon which releases a bad odor when it undergoes decomposition, especially in hot and humid conditions. Construction waste classified as inert waste which could be a problem to dispose off. Mitigation Measures Domestic waste generated at the labor camp and site offices should be collected and temporarily stored at the designated bonded area within the camp area before being disposed off the site by the specialize contractor. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 84

101 A temporary domestic waste storage area should be prepared, maintained and visually inspected on a regular basis by the contractor to prevent the land adjacent to the waste disposal site from contaminating. The location of construction waste disposal site should be such that no tree cutting, crop destruction or private land acquisition occurs. The proposed location indicated in figure 1.3. Construction waste should not be mixed with domestic waste as the construction waste could be reused as a fill material or disposed off separately. The temporary waste storage area for domestic waste site will be rehabilitated at the completion of the project and photographic record will be kept as an eveidance. There should be burning pit on site where the combustible waste could be burnt. The recommended dimensions of the burning pit are 15ft x 12ft x 4ft (length x width x height). Residual Adverse Impact: The waste storage area will attract animals and spread a foul odor in the surrounding area Impacts of Borrowing Site Adverse Environmental Impact: Additional soil required for the strengthening the embankments will be acquired from the other activities of the project i.e. construction of spill way involving excavating work. If the contractor desires to excavate the soil from other areas than approval must be obtained from the Consultant s Environmental Specialist and PMO. Quarrying and cutting land is not required in this project. The excavating activities could have adverse environmental impacts including soil erosion, drainage problem, threaten existing structure stability, and impact the health and safety of the workers and local population. Mitigation Measures: The earth required for revamping of retired embankment and other works would be used out of the available government land where possible. If there is lot of transportation involve in using IPD land and earth is required to be lifted from private own land, then the owner(s) of the land will be duly compensated by the contractor. The contractor will not leave the borrow pits in an unusable condition such that it could be filled with rain water and cause the problems for the community e.g. breeding place for mosquitoes etc. The contractor will ensure that the selected borrow areas are clearly demarcated, and indicate the maximum allowable depth of the pit before the soil is excavated. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 85

102 No soil will be excavated outside the demarcated area. If unexpected soil or strata is found during excavation at the site then the excavation must be stopped immediately, and the environmentalist and site manager must be informed as soon as possible. The edges of the pits should be given flat slopes and area should be leveled as far as possible when the excavation is complete. Barren or unfertile land will be preferred for use as a borrowing area than agricultural land. If the agricultural land along the embankments needs to be used as a borrowing area then the following additional measurements will be undertaken by the contractor: Excavate at least 50m away from the toe of the embankments Remove 6 inches of the topsoil and store on a separate site for its re-spread back on the leveled borrow area Excavate up to maximum of 3 feet Level slops as far as possible Place the topsoil back on reasonably leveled area Residual Adverse Impact: Uneven topography will be generated due to excavating land Damage to Paths, Access Roads and Cross Drains Adverse Environmental Impact: Infrastructure (road, drains etc) could be damaged through carelessness of the drivers/operators of heavy machinery. Such carelessness can cause considerable damage to paths, road and drains if the drivers/operators are not made aware, trained and bound to protect the infrastructure. Mitigation Measures: An effective signology can reinforce the instructions to the drivers for example maximum load limit, type of vehicle allowed, speed limit etc. It is a Contractor s contractual obligations to impose strict control over operators and drivers of all types of vehicles. Should any damage take place due the site traffic movement, the contractor must be bound to carry out the repair immediately. Enforce the maximum speed limit for site traffic to 20 km/hour Impacts of Oil/Chemical Spill or Dumping out any Building or House near the Project Area Inadequate storage and mobilizing of material on site could cause accidental spills or leakages. Dumping of waste material or spillage at the private land or outside the designated NESPAK-AAB-DMC 86

103 area will contaminate the land and water resources as the unconfined aquifer consist on sandy stratum on site. Mitigation Measures: It is a Contractor s Contractual obligation to design, construct and maintain material storage areas. All the material mobilization should be controlled and carried out by the competent staff. All loading and unloading of the materials should be carried out with an appropriate plant & equipment. The material storage area should be bounded. Spill kits, including absorbing pad, sand bags etc, should be available at material storage area to handle any accidental spill. In case of damage to private land, the land owner(s) should be compensated Impacts of Crushed Stone and Fine Aggregate Transport Adverse Environmental Impact: Stones shall be brought from Sargodha District or Margalla hills, so no quarrying has to be done locally. But the vehicles carrying the stones shall exert additional traffic load on the roads leading to the project area. By keeping the road dust free and repaired even the slightest impact shall stand mitigated. Mitigation Measures: It is a Contractor s contractual obligation to use the roads and paths carefully and in case of any damage, repair the damaged roads and paths immediately. Undertake regular spraying of water on traffic routes and places prone to cause dust pollution. Lorries should cover with the cloth or fine net to minimize the dust pollution and accidental drop of stones Impacts of Finding Graveyard and Burials No graveyard is identified within the direct area of influence of the project activities. However if unrecorded graveyards and/or burials are found during the courses of construction activities, the supervising agency will contact and work with local religious authorities within the immediate project area to allow for possible identification of the remains and where appropriate, properly undertake relocation and burial. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 87

104 Contamination from Oil & Diesel and Other Spill from Construction Machinery The dumping site for waste material or empty containers can damage the land with associated physical, biological and social losses. The impacts can be mitigated through effective application of the maximum spill regulations, general criteria for oil and breakage at construction sites, as per standards set forth by Oil Spill Contingency Plan of PKP Exploration Ltd, Guidelines for Oil Spill Waste Minimization and Management issued by International Petroleum Industry, Environmental Conservation Association and with mitigation measures described below. (i) Minor Spills Soil contaminated by minor spills/leakages (defined as leaks from vehicles, machinery, equipment or storage containers such that the area and depth of soil contaminated is less than one (1) sq.ft and three (3) inches respectively) is to be scraped and sent to a burn pit (incinerator). (ii) Moderate Spills Moderate spills are defined as spills of volume less than or equal to 200 liters. These are to be contained and controlled using shovels, sands, absorbing mat and native soil. These equipments and materials are to be made available at camp sites during the operation (Spill Kit). The contaminated soil will be excavated and sent to the treatment site such as bioremediation or solidification/stabilization (S/S). The excavated area will be lined with an impermeable base before being filled with clean soil. (iii) Major Spills Major spills are defined as spills of volume much greater than 200 liters. This would require indication of Emergency Response Procedure and Oil Spill Contingency Plan to be prepared by the Contractor in consultation with the Engineer. These spills are to be handled and controlled by a specialize contractor to clean the site. Mitigation Measures: All the oil based material should be stored in the designated bounded area. The Spill Kit should be available on site to handle small spills on site. Good house keeping will minimize accidental spills. All loading and unloading of material should be supervised and carried out with appropriate plant. Empty drums of the fuel should be handled with care as some material may be left over in the drums or container. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 88

105 All the liquid material or fuel should be stored well away from any control water body i.e. river, canal, wetland etc. (b) Hydrology and Water Resources Water Supply System & Wastewater Treatment Impacts Adverse Environmental Impact: Pumping groundwater from the major aquifer for water supply for the labor camp shall neither cause any significant change in the groundwater reservoir, nor in the river or canals, which in fact recharge the reservoir. There will be no any residual adverse impact on groundwater. The impact can be considered as slight and mitigable. The contractor should tap the underground reservoir and install hand pumps or tube wells with an overhead water tank to supply drinking water to the labours and workers at appropriate pressure. Groundwater test results indicate the shallow groundwater quality is not fit for human consumption because of elevated concentration of E-Coli, as shown in table 4.6. It is envisaged that a considerable volume of wastewater will be generated from labour camp. There are plenty of examples of successful systems of using wastewater for agriculture. Domestic wastewater is expected to be contaminated with pathogens. Many factors affect the degree to which the potential risk due to the presence of pathogen in wastewater can become actual risk of disease transmission and pose a health risk to consumers and workers (farmers). The following situation can have an adverse impact on human health: 1. Either an infective dose of an active pathogen reaches the field or pond or the pathogen multiplies in the field or pond to form an infective dose. 2. The infective dose reaches a human host. 3. The host become an infected 4. The infection causes disease or further transmission. Mitigation Measures: It is the responsibility of principal contractor to test and confirm the suitability of the groundwater before its supply for domestic use. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 89

106 The depth of the extraction well should be increased until the quality of groundwater meets the WHO standards or the Filtering Unit can be installed by the contractor to achieve WHO standards. Four main measures are recommended to be considered to protect health; wastewater reuse, wastewater treatment, crop restriction, control of wastewater application and exposure, and promotion of hygiene of those wastewater treatment. It is the responsibility of the contractor to set up a suitable and appropriate wastewater collection and disposal system. Method and level of treatment of wastewater depends upon the anticipated use of the effluent. In view of the expected use of treated water for agriculture purposes, treatment at primary level will be cost effective. It is therefore proposed that waste stabilization ponds or underground septic tank with bypass arrangement for rainwater be provided in the labour camp with about three days storage capacity of waste water. To keep the cost to a minimum it is recommended to install a partial wastewater treatment system, using waste stabilization ponds or underground septic tanks, as well as crop restriction control measure for reuse of wastewater in agriculture. The stabilization pond should not be deeper than 4m to avoid anaerobic degradation of the organic compound of wastewater. Treatment by waste stabilization pond system or underground septic tank for about 3 to 4 days retention removes most of helminth eggs sufficiently to protect the health of agriculture workers and consumers. If the wastewater is discharged into the control water body i.e. river or canal then it is a contractor s contractual obligation to confirm that the effluent meets the NEQS levels. Provision of underground septic tank is a preliminary treatment and reduces the total suspended solids (TSS) concentration to the acceptable level however it may not reduce the BOD level up to the required level. Therefore it is suggested that, if required, an aeration treatment system should be emplaced to meet the BOD level before discharge of the effluent into the river. Aeration of wastewater can be achieved from number of treatment methods including mechanical aeration, providing steps in the open channel, aerobic stabilizing pond (maximum depth up to 4 feet) etc. The selection of treatment method depends on the availability of space and initial concentration of the BOD. The treated domestic sewage should be tested on regular basis before it is pumped into the river or used for agricultural purposes. Residual Adverse Impact: NESPAK-AAB-DMC 90

107 Bacterial removal with three days retention of wastewater in the stabilization pond will only be sufficient to reduce but not completely eliminate the risk to consumers of vegetable crops. Crops restriction will therefore be essential. Stabilizing pond could cause odor and nuisance problems in the surrounding area. The pond should therefore be at an appropriate distance from the living area and the direction of wind flow should be kept in view. Treatment of wastewater with the underground septic tank will not cause any odor except during the occasional cleaning of the chambers Contamination of Surface Water Due to Construction/Dismantling of Cofferdam Adverse Environmental Impact: During the construction and subsequent removal of coffer dams, the soil material can contaminate river water and affect aquatic life, particularly downstream fisheries. Mitigation Measures: The material used for the construction of cofferdam should not contaminate river water in terms of suspended solids, ph, oil etc. The contractor will use good engineering practices to minimize contamination of river water Contamination of Surface Water Due to Electrical/Mechanical Works Adverse Environmental Impacts As most of the electrical / mechanical work is to be performed at the barrage structure, any accidental spill of material could be devastating for the river environment. The work may also involve the building of temporary structures like the cofferdam, scaffolding etc. Failure of the temporary structure could cause serious injuries to the workers and pollute the river. Mitigation Measures All temporary structure should be designed and build by a specialized contractor. The temporary structure should be approved by a competent person before its use. Daily Inspection should be carried out at the work area before the start of every working shift. Good housekeeping should be maintained to avoid any accidental spill or falling of objects in to the river. Oil based material should be kept in bunded bowser or container. Electrical equipment should be handled with extra care. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 91

108 Provide proper PPE (personal protected equipment) for all the workers as a precaution against any mishap, and interlink various parts of the construction complex Impacts of Extended Canal Closure Adverse Environmental Impacts Gate repair work and the installation of the hoisting system and electric motors will require the closure of canals. Non availability of the canal water could adversely affect crops and people living along the canal. The canal water is primarily used for agricultural purposes and at a few places within the canal command area for domestic use e.g. cloth washing, kitchen washing and for even cooking purpose specially along the Fordwah Canal. Mitigation Measures: All the activities that require canal closure will only be undertaken during the annual routine closure of the canals. If the extended canal closure is required then alternate water supply should be arranged in affected canal command area. The work of construction of level crossing over Pakpattan canal shall need dry area and a temporary diversion channel shall be provided during construction phase to fulfill the water requirement of Pakpattan Canal Command area Impact on Source of Construction Water The contractor could use river water as a source of water for sprinkling on kacha (unpaved) path for dust control and for vehicle washing purposes. Groundwater could be used as a source of water supply for the contractor s camp and the batching Plant. The contractor should tap the underground reservoir and install hand pumps or tubewells with overhead tanks to supply drinking water to the labour camp, and to the batching plant for concrete preparation. Withdrawing water from the aquifer shall not cause any significant change in the storage of the aquifer nor the river and canals, which eventually recharge it. The impact can be considered as slight and mitigable. Mitigation Measures: The contractor is obligated under the contract to pay for water obtained from private sources. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 92

109 The contractor is obligated under the contract to supply running tap water, flush latrines and stabilization ponds or underground septic tanks for the disposal of wastewater through the sewerage system. All the wastewater generated from vehicle washing and site set ups e.g. batching plant, plant & equipment yard etc should be tested to meet the NEQS standards for effluents before being disposed off. (c) Air Quality Dust, Smoke and other Pollutants from Plant & Equipment Adverse Environmental Impact: From previous work experience (rehabilitation of Taunsa Barrage etc) it has been observed that the emission or dust from the batching plant can be very harmful for the site workers and the local population. The emission/dust could cause skin and respiratory disease e.g. skin rashes, lungs problem etc. Roads and traffic will be affected due to the movement of heavy vehicles in the area. The possible location has been proposed for the Batching Plant. Contractor should select the suitable location provided the following control measures are in place: Mitigation Measures: Air quality should be monitored on regular basis near the plant. The plant should be located at least 500m away from any living area, as one of the suggested site on Figure 1.3. The plant should not be operated outside working hours. Regular spraying of water should be undertaken to minimize dust pollution. All vehicles, machinery, equipment and generators used during construction activities will be kept in good working conditions to minimize exhaust emissions. Proper PPE should be issued to the site workers and measures should be adopted to ensure that the workers will wear the PPE properly when working on site. If contractor select any other site than the site suggested on figure 1.3 than the site has to be agreed with the consultant s environmentalist and PMO. The following additional control measures may need to be implemented for different location The plant has to be a Zero Emission Plant. This will include using washed aggregated and enclosed cylose with automatic injection system of the material in to the mixing chamber. Recently a zero emission plant has been established and is working successfully at Jinnah Barrage, and could be visited for getting details before installation. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 93

110 The plant area should be constructed and maintained on an impermeable layer to prevent contamination of river water from surface run off. The access roads for the delivery Lorries pass through the living area. These roads/paths should be sprayed with water on regular basis to minimize dust pollution. Residual Impacts: Deterioration of air quality. Although the recommended plant consists of an enclosed cylose, the plant activities will generate some dust especially in consistently dry weather Smoke from Burning of Waste Material or Burning Firewood Adverse Environmental Impacts A large number of big and small fires in the labor camp can produce smoke and smog which can cut off visibility, reduce traffic ability and cause suffocation along with causing diseases of the respiratory tract. Mitigation Measures: It is the contractor s contractual obligation to use and provide clean and smoke free fuel in the labor camp. Cutting and burning trees or shrubs for fuel shall be prohibited. Gas Cylinders should be used in the labor camp for cooking purposes Impact on Air Quality of Earth Work Activities Adverse Environmental Impacts Excavating activities will generate dust and pollute the surrounding area. Emissions from the plants used in earth work activities will also degrade the air quality of the site. Mitigation Measures Regular spraying of water should be undertaken to minimize the dust pollution. All vehicles, machinery, equipment and generators used during construction activities will be kept in good working condition to minimize the exhaust emissions. (d) Noise Noise Pollution from Construction Activities Adverse Environmental Impact: It has been proposed to raise the embankment height and width to maintain the stability of the slopes. The embankments farm the boundary of the wetland and trees along the NESPAK-AAB-DMC 94

111 embankments provide habitat of many species of birds. Construction activities along the embankments could generate noise and air pollution and disturb the natural habitat. Mitigation Measures: Suitable equipment and plant should be used in execution of the work to minimize noise pollution. The noise level should be monitored on a regular basis and levels should be maintained within the NEQS level. At the start of the work activities noise levels should be monitored on hourly basis for at-least the first 2 days of work, after which the monitoring interval could increase to daily basis. If required, the work area should be cordoned off with noise absorbing panels to segregate the work area from the barrage pond area. The contractor will regularly spray water on the site traffic routes to minimize the dust pollution. All vehicles, machinery, equipment and generators used during construction activities will be kept in good working conditions and will be properly tuned and maintained in order to minimize noise pollution, exhaust emission and minimum land disturbance. It is the contractor s obligation to stop unnecessary traffic and workers from entering into the barrage pond area. All working activities should be restricted within the allowed working hours. The maximum speed limit of 20km/h should be enforced for vehicles using the embankments and access road. The Traffic Management Plan will be included in EMP and should be implemented during construction phase. Movement of the site traffic and tree cutting will generate some noise Biological Environment The anticipated biological impacts can be on the following: Damage to Flora Damage to Fauna Damage to Endangered Species Damage to Fish Damage to Biological Resources and Disturbance of Wildlife Adverse Environmental Impacts About 10 acres of land will be required for each Labor Camp & Batching Plant. The labor camp and batching plant location should be carefully selected to minimize tree cutting. The NESPAK-AAB-DMC 95

112 approximate total number of trees requiring uprooting is counted to 309, as shown in Figure 4.5. There is a risk of the destruction of habitat of the area due to the noise and dust generated from the movement of site traffic and work activities along the embankments. Bela trimming activities could also adversely impact the wildlife. Mitigation Measures The proposed area for labor camp and batching plant will not require any tree cutting. The outside boundary of the camp should be fenced or walled to keep camp activities inside the camp area. It is the contractor s obligation to ensure that unnecessary and out of bound activities/movements are not done outside the area allotted to him for setting-up the labor camp, material depots and machinery yard. No fire arms should be carried by any of the workers. All forest, wildlife and fisheries laws should be fully respected and abided by the contractor and his work force. Limits and norms of wildlife, forestry and fishery should be fully respected and implemented. Necessary sign boards should be displayed to remind the obligation of labour, visitors and members of public towards Biota. Inspections by wildlife, forest and fisheries officers are facilitated in camps to facilitate the proper implementation of relevant laws. 24 hours security should be provided by the contractor at the Labor Camp and Batching Plant. Every tree cut on site for the execution of work should be replaced with the plantation of minimum of 5 new trees. Therefore minimum of 1550 trees will need to be planted and protected until maturation by the contractor, in place of 309 trees that will be uprooted during construction of bypass channel and associated structure. All vehicles, machinery, equipment and generators used during construction activities will be kept in good working condition and be properly tuned to minimize the adverse impact on waterfowl habitat by reducing noise, exhaust and land disturbance. Communities are given awareness and are involved in the proper protection of the Biota inside and around the project area. No unauthorized tree or bush cutting will be allowed. Should it be necessary, it must not be done without the permission of the The Engineer and must follow the change management process. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 96

113 If possible, the nests of birds on trees that need to be uprooted should be shifted to other nearby trees. Walk over survey should be conducted before excavating the bela and any ground nest or particular habitat (rabbit whole etc) should be relocated. Excavating work within the bela should not be arranged during the fish breeding season (April to June) to avoid the adverse impact due to a possible increase in the turbidity of the river. Residual Impacts Nests of some of the birds shall be destroyed when the trees and bushes are cleared along the embankments within the purposed location of flood bypass channel. Disturbance of wildlife by the site traffic and noise from tree cutting/uprooting Socio-Economic Impacts The overall impacts of the Project on the social and economic activities in the project area will be positive. A Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been also prepared to compensate the people living along the embankments as squatters on government land and need to be removed, of course with due compensation. RAP will be submitted under different cover. The adverse environmental impacts and their mitigation measures are discussed as follow: Impacts of Land Acquisition Adverse Environmental Impacts Generally land acquisition is required for work activities such as widening of the embankments, access road, Labor Camp, Batching Plant, work base area, structural waste disposal site and Contractors Camp. To facilitate these activities, the I & P Department is already in possession of enough land where these works can be executed. Proposed locations for labor camp and batching plant site would also be accommodated in the Irrigation Department land. Mitigation Measures All the activities requiring land acquisition are to be planned by IPD. Private land is to be acquired under the 1894 Land Acquisition Act and the cost of the land is to be paid to the owners. An appropriate framework agreement should be completed and signed by all the concerned parties. Social Action Plan (SAP) has been prepared to restore the livelihood of the affectees (encroachers). NESPAK-AAB-DMC 97

114 Social Impacts on Local Population due to Migrating Labor from other Parts of the Country Adverse Environmental Impacts There is a risk of adversely affecting the social life of the local population due to the arrival of a large number of laborers from outside the area. Extra burden on the local infrastructure and services e.g. medical facility, shops, restaurants, mosque, public transport etc. is also anticipated. Mitigation Measure The outside boundary of the camp should be fenced or walled for security reasons. Locating a labour camp at least 500m or ideally 1km away from the villages (local settlement). Leisure facilities including play grounds, restaurant etc should be provided inside the labour camp. All the unskilled labour and where possible skilled labour should be arranged locally. Pick and drop facilities should be arranged HIV/AIDS and other Communicable Diseases The Labor Camp, their interaction with truck drivers and like personnel are potential places for the spread of HIV/AIDS if the incidence exists. Majority of the people living in the surrounding of the Project, and potential Labor are not aware of the source, mode of communication or consequences of HIV/AIDS. Although their religious and cultural value system, to a large extent excludes the outbreak or rapid communication of HIV/AIDS, yet its occurrence in such a situation cannot be precluded. It is necessary that along with other communicable diseases like Cholera, Typhoid and Tuberculosis, awareness and preventive campaigns are run from time to time in the Labor campus and the field offices of the Project on Communicable diseases. Mitigating Measures: The Contractor shall: Arrange to run a proper campaign, in the labour camp, to make people aware of the cause, mode of transmission and consequences of HIV/AIDS. Strengthen the existing local health & medical services for the benefit of the labourers as well as the surrounding villages. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 98

115 Ensure proper cleanliness and hygienic conditions at labour camp by ensuring a clean mess, proper drainage and suitable disposal of solid waste. Inoculation against Cholera will be arranged at intervals recommended by Health Department. Keep all the camps, offices, material depots, machinery yards and work site open for the inspection of health and safety measures, and related documents Existing Services & Employment (Positive Social Impacts) The economic analysis shows high economic benefits compared to costs. Salient economic benefits of the project are: Improvement of available services in the area and opportunities for employment, education, healthcare, transportation, especially for women and children. Easy marketing of agricultural products. Availability of jobs during construction phase shall employ and train a large number of unemployed youth. They will receive a life time of benefits through skill training, capacity building and poverty alleviation. A large number of semi-skilled and unskilled workers in the project area will be hired. Greater awareness about Healthcare including HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis amongst the labourers and the local community shall be created. At micro level, economic activities may bring the cost of living down by making essential commodities available in greater bulk and at cheaper rates. This combined with better employment opportunities will bring poverty line rate lower. Improvement in public parks will raise the aesthetic value of the area and will attract tourism. Rehabilitation of the barrage structure will also have a positive impact on the local tourism industry. Boost to agriculture through ensured and enhanced irrigation water. Increased economic activity with improved irrigation. 6.5 OPERATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT (O&M) PHASE Rehabilitation & Up-gradation of Suleimanki Barrage will not make any alteration in the Barrage operational process and therefore no any adverse impact is anticipated to induce due to the implementation of the project. The flood bypass channel will be activated during high flood only and less area will be inundated than the area usually inundated during high flood after the completion of the project. At operational phase of the proposed Project a comprehensive Operation and Management Manual (O&M) shall be prepared by the Project Manager at the completion of the work as NESPAK-AAB-DMC 99

116 per ISO Standards. An effective monitoring and evaluation has to be done as per O&M and monitoring plan. Mistakes at operational level or handling the operations by untrained staff can prove very risky and costly. Important points to be attended at the operational stage are as follows: (i) Develop comprehensive O&M Rules (ii) Strict implementation of prescribed Environmental Management Plan (EMP). (iii) Continuous evaluation of design efficiencies (iv) Understanding and training of staff on Operation and Maintenance Manual (v) Annual Environmental Audit (vi) Regular maintenance of engineering works (vii) Continued public consultation and feed back on it (viii) Continued attention towards gender issues and women consultation (ix) Irrigation system to run up to its design capacity and not beyond (x) Refresher Training Courses for operational staff. On the basis of the impact assessment, the project will improve environmental and social condition of the area. No permanent adverse environmental impacts have been identified due to the project implementation. All the adverse impacts resulting from the construction activities are mitigable. NESPAK-AAB-DMC 100

117 CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN This chapter comprises a detailed Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the project. The EMP proposes an effective plan of action that will indicate responsibilities and required measures to minimize the negative environmental & social impacts at various stages of the project. The Environmental Management Plan for the Project has been discussed under three main components: Mitigation Plan Monitoring Programme Institutional Arrangements Most of the mitigation activities planed in the EMP will be executed & cover under provisions in the construction contract and with necessary agreement with the communities. 7.1 MITIGATION PLAN The mitigation plan is a key component of EMP. The mitigation plan includes measures to mitigate potential negative impacts and enhance its positive impacts during initial physical works and normal operation of Irrigation System. This section outlines the potential impact of rehabilitation works on the physical, biological and socioeconomic environment and their associated mitigation measures as already identified in ESIA report of the Suleimanki Barrage Project. It also assigns the responsibilities for implementing these measures. Lists of mitigation measures which will be directly covered by the environmentalist and contractors and not those mitigation measures which are covered under civil or mechanical work. The person(s) responsible for ensuring the implementation of the measures. The person(s) responsible for the monitoring. Parameters to be monitored for the effective implementation of measures. A time scale for the implementation of measures to ensure that the objective of mitigation plan are fully met. The Mitigation and Monitoring Plan for the activities likely to have a direct impact on the environment is presented in EMP table. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 101

118 7.2 MITIGATION OF ADVERSE IMPACTS AT DESIGN PHASE Majority of negative impacts can be avoided (eliminated) through the use of adequate and environmentally sound technical design. The Project has however been designed on the basis of the lessons learnt from similar projects and major design initiatives undertaken to avoid any major negative impacts are as follows: 1. Necessary measures should be taken to exclude any big deposits of soil or debris anywhere. 2. To ensure the availability of water at the tail ends of canals off take from Sulemanki Barrage. 3. As far as possible appropriate indigenous technology and knowledge should be utilized while planning and designing the project. 4. Improve flood fighting plan by strengthening embankments, provision of flood bypass channel and Barrage structure. 7.3 MITIGATION ADVERSE IMPACT AT CONSTRUCTION PHASE To reduce the potential impacts of the construction activities there will be a monitoring programme to assess contractor s compliance/performance with the project EMP during construction phase. The contract document will contain requirements for: (i) Proper management of construction waste. (ii) Control measures for waste fuel disposal. (iii) Reduction of oil/lubricants, spill or leakage, noise and dust level. (iv) Rehabilitation of areas used for construction detours and sites used for temporarily storage of construction materials. (v) Proper use and maintenance of equipment with appropriate noise and smoke abatement. (vi) Restoration of borrow areas (whether on state land or private land). (vii) Other requirements as obligation of the contractor emanating from the EMP. (vii) Specific provisions will also be included to make it mandatory to use formal health and safety measures including protection against Communicable diseases and Hepatitis. Group insurance measures to minimize accidents and avoiding fatalities during the construction process. (viii) Advisory element to address a number of other issues will also be included in the contract. These will include: NESPAK-ABB-DMC 102

119 Road Closure For transporting construction material or conveying heavy machinery to the site, the rural roads passing near or through village(s) may have to be closed temporarily and access of public for certain period may have to be blocked. The dates, timings and duration of such period will need to be agreed with authorities and communities. Cultural and Historical Resources Communities shall be requested to identify in the field, all known sites of cultural and historical value that may be affected by the Project, for protective actions by the contractor. Archaeological Field Support The Government of the Punjab will make available (on demand) a qualified archaeologist to conduct field investigations when important search work and new material sites area opened. No such site is yet in view but just in case it does, the services of archaeologist will be obtained. Graveyard and Burials If unrecorded graveyards and/or burials are found during the courses of construction activities, the supervising agency will contact and work with local religious authorities within the immediate Project area to allow for possible identification of the remains and where appropriate, properly undertake relocation and burial. Local Employment The contractor will be advised to arrange locals as unskilled labour and skilled workers are easily available from local communities as and when required. It is desirable that maximum employment benefits are made available to local communities. Land Acquisition and other Compensations During the community consultation, in the Project area, it was made clear by the communities that they would expect due compensation, if their buildings, trees or land were affected or destroyed during construction activities or any of its allied structures. Social Action Plan has been prepared to address the social impacts of the Project. Resource use Agreement Construction Materials Earth is commonly available in abundance around the Barrage area. Stones are available from District Sargodha and Margalla hills. Yet there may be a need for additional agreement with public to obtain certain materials. In that case the farmland should be given the last NESPAK-ABB-DMC 103

120 priority in procuring the fill material when inevitable, however, due compensation should be paid. Whenever the borrow pits are dug, considerable care should be taken in their location. The site may invariably be rehabilitated after use. Ideal situation would be that the site is made good to a condition similar to that prior to the project. It will be helpful if Plategraphs of pre-project condition are used for the purpose of comparison. Resource Use Agreements Water Although ample quantity of groundwater is available in the Project area, yet the contractor will be required to confirm the quality and demand detail and indicate source of water prior to the start of construction. Disposal plan for wastewater without polluting the fertile soil, river water or ambient air, shall be produced by the contractor for approval of The Engineer/Project Director. 7.4 MONITORING PLAN Monitoring Plan is an essential component of the Environment Management Plan (EMP). Implementation of the EMP shall be the contractual obligation of the Contractor. For that the Contractor shall engage full time technical staff capable of carrying out the suggested measures in the EMP as contractual obligations under the contract agreement. The construction supervision consultant shall also have a full time Environmental specialist to provide an overall professional cover to the environmental monitoring process and the procedures and initiate required reports and point out any gaps in the implementation of the mitigation measures or enforcement of the measures of the EMP. Environmental unit () under PMO will be responsible of the overall implementation of EMP and provide technical guidance to the construction supervision consultants and contractors. The Parameters, frequency, responsibility and mitigation measures for monitoring have been described in comprehensive Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan (EMMP). NESPAK-ABB-DMC 104

121 Environmental Mitigation & Monitoring Paln Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor A- LAND RESOURCES 1 Borrow Barrow Material: 1.1 Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv Records of clear BC BOQ materials from Soil excavation from selected borrow areas boundary marker Once before start of earth borrowing the designated area of are clearly demarcated demarked in excavation site. the site will be required with barricading fenced place for the strengthening of before starting any soil the embankment and removing and no soil construction of coffer removal is undertaken dams. Construction of outside the demarcated flood bypass channel area. will generate soil material which could be used as fill material provided it meets the engineering parameters. Contractor has to get approval of the borrowing area from Consultant s 1.2 Ensure that Photographs are taken of the area before and after the restoration of the borrowing site 1.3 Ensure that the excavation for fill material is restricted to specified depth. CEnv CEnv CSCEnv CSCEnv Plategraphs records Compliances with Specification BC, DC, AC DC Check once a week on typical working day BOQ SFA NESPAK-ABB-DMC 105

122 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor Environmental 1.5 Ensure that the CEnv CSCEnv Control in place. BC, DC BOQ Specialist and of surface drainage is Their Once before PMO before commence provided to control the effectiveness in construction excavation on site surface run off case of rain Once a week on a typical working day Excavation and earth movement activities may generate the dust and affect the air quality of the surrounding area. 1.6 Ensure that the movement of earth moving machinery is limited to the work area. CEnv CSCEnv Compliance Site inspections DC: Daily Once a month BOQ Material to be used for the construction of the coffer dams will include silt for core filling, soil material for random filling. 1.7 Ensure that Erosion protection measures are taken, such as retaining wall (if require), avoidance of steep cut 1.8 If agricultural land CEnv CEnv CSCEnv CSCEnv Visible signs of any soil erosion A detailed DC Monthly basis Once after rain DC, AC BOQ BOQ is used as borrowing protocol in Daily area then the land will checklist At completion of be restored by the excavation contractor and follow When required the following steps NESPAK-ABB-DMC 106

123 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor Remove first 15cm top soil and keep it on site to re-spread after completion of the excavation. Excavation of the earth fill be limited to an approximate depth of 90cm. Stabilized the slope during the excavation. 1.9 Ensure that the CEnv CSCEnv Plategraphs DC, AC BOQ borrow area to be record When required levelled as far as possible and top soil restored Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv Records BC, DC BOQ complete At the start of the documentation for the excavation. borrow areas is NESPAK-ABB-DMC 107

124 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor maintained i.e. volume excavated, date, levelling date after completion of excavation 1.11 Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv Compliance DC BOQ regular water sprinkling Daily carry out during When required executing of excavation to mitigate the dust pollution. 2 Construction of New roads will not 2.1 Contractor will CEnv CSCEnv Compliance with BC, DC Direct Cost new Access require providing the furnish the traffic specification When required Road and access to the management plan, Widening of contractor s facilities i.e. according to the Existing Roads batching plant, material recommendations yard, labour camp etc. made in ESIA and must Access roads for the be implemented in approach to the boat order to control the bridge will require. traffic. There is ample IPD land available on site 2.2 Ensure that the temporary rout(s) are CEnv CSCEnv Compliance BC, DC Daily BOQ NESPAK-ABB-DMC 108

125 Sr. No. Project component Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost Monitoring Executor Monitor the suggested layout of the access roads does not require private land acquisition. The general mobility of local community their livestock as well as their business activities and clientele in and around the construction area may be hindered. Unchecked speeding may cause human and livestock injuries and fatalities as a result of highway accidents. adequate for the When required existing traffic plus the site traffic. 2.3 Ensure that regular CEnv CSCEnv System in place DC BOQ water sprinkling is carried out to mitigate the dust pollution. When required 2.4 Ensure that the traffic sign board regarding revised road layout and change in speed limit or new speed breakers are placed at least one Km from the alteration. CEnv CSCEnv Compliance Plategraphs DC Daily When required Direct Cost 2.5 Ensure that the CEnv CSCEnv Compliance BC Direct Cost alternative route is designed on the basis of the traffic survey conducted by the contractor. Once at start of the allied work 2.6 Ensure that mobility CEnv CSCEnv Compliance DC BOQ NESPAK-ABB-DMC 109

126 Sr. Project No. component 3 Site for Disposal of Construction Waste Material Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost Monitoring Executor Monitor It has generally been observed that at completion of construction the waste material is dumped at the site without proper planning. The material from the coffer dams will be in significant quantity and will require proper disposal site. of the men and animal is not hindered due to Social Survey Daily When required the construction activity. 2.7 Any damage to the land, property or existing roads from the contractor s activities will be remediated by the contractor at the earliest possibility. CEnv CSCEnv Record Plategraphs DC Once at the start of the work When required SFA 3.1 Ensure that the CEnv CSCEnv Record BC BOQ selected disposal site is PMOmarked and fenced before starting the work 3.2 Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv Plategraphs BC, DC BOQ Photographs are taken record Once before start of the area before and When required after dumping the waste 3.3 Ensure that all CEnv CSCEnv System in Place BC, DC BOQ trucks used for the Once at the start of NESPAK-ABB-DMC 110

127 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor transportation of waste work construction material When required are covers and watertight 3.4 Ensure contractor s CEnv CSCEnv Compliance DC BOQ obligations define in Daily contract document are followed. 3.5 Ensure that the CEnv CSCEnv System in Place DC BOQ movement of lifting Daily machinery and vehicles When required is limited to the disposal site. 3.6 Ensure that waste CEnv CSCEnv Compliance DC BOQ properly disposed off, Daily compacted and cover After every rain fall in a manner that does When required not affect the natural drainage. 3.7 Ensure dumping CEnv CSCEnv Follow Contract DC BOQ and levelling on site Documents and Daily only as agreed per complete SFA When required NESPAK-ABB-DMC 111

128 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor contract agreement and SFA (in case private land used) 4 Installation of Land Requirement: 4.1 Ensure that no CEnv CSCEnv Compliance BC SFA Batching Plant Ample waste land is private land is used to Once at the time of available near barrage establish the Batching installation of to establish batching plant. Contractor needs Batching Plant plant. to get approval from CSCEnv and if he/she uses any private land for this Land Contamination purpose. Contractor will Dumping of waste fresh pay for the private land. concrete may contaminate the land Raw material: Raw material for the construction work mainly include cement, sand, aggregate, steel, water lubricants, fuel and additives. The 4.2 Ensure that the location of the batching plant is at least 500 m from the villages (main settlement) and out of the prevailing wind. If the selected location is less than 500m from the living area than it CEnv CSCEnv Compliance with specification BC Once before installation of Batching Plant SFA NESPAK-ABB-DMC 112

129 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor material will be stock has to be zero pilled at the area emission plant. provided by IPD near the batching plant. Wind direction While installing the batching plant the direction of the wind should be consider. 4.3 Ensure that land contamination from the batching plant, during transportation and dumping of the wasted fresh concrete is controlled through CEnv CSCEnv System in place DC Daily When required SFA careful working of the Contractor s crews to avoid spillage of concrete and dumping of waste concrete on private land. Carry fresh concrete in mobile concrete drums 4.4 If the selected CEnv CSCEnv Design and BC BOQ location is next to the prepare the At the stage of control water body i.e. Batching Plant establishing Sutlej River or active area by a batching plant canal then the area for competent DC NESPAK-ABB-DMC 113

130 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor batching plant should person. Weekly inspection be bunded with an Plategraphs When required impermeable layer to record stop contaminating the river or canal water from the surface run off in case of rain or otherwise. The area should be maintained on regular basis. 4.5 Ensure that leak / CEnv CSCEnv Compliance DC BOQ spill record is Daily maintained for each When requiredd incident of spill or damaged vehicles. Damaged/defected vehicles will not be operated unless repaired. 4.6 Ensure that the CEnv CSCEnv Compliance with BC/DC BOQ material is stocked specification At the time of pilled at the designated establishment of NESPAK-ABB-DMC 114

131 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor area provided by IPD Batching Plant near the construction site. 4.7 Ensure that surface CEnv CSCEnv System in place DC BOQ drainage is not blocked Daily due to the pilling of the Once a month after raw material. each rain. 4.8 Ensure that the CEnv CSCEnv Compliance BC BOQ location of the batching Once at the time of plant is such that the installation of wind direction may be Batching Plant. away from the settlement 5 Contractor s Land Requirement: 5.1 Ensure that no CEnv CSCEnv Compliance BC BOQ Camp Location There is ample IPD private land is used to Once at the Time and Workshop. land available around construct the contractor of camp the project area for the camp and workshop. establishment contractor s camp, officer hostel, work shop etc. So no private land will be acquired for the construction of 5.2 Ensure that the location of the labour camp will be at a distance of 500m from the major local CEnv CSCEnv Measured distance BC Once before the establishment of the camp. BOQ NESPAK-ABB-DMC 115

132 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor these facilities. IPD will settlement. arrange land for the labour camp construction and batching plant. Disposal of Waste water. The unmanaged disposal of wastewater, generated from labour camp & vehicle washing area, will contaminate land. The contractor can use the existing disposal system (for offices and official residence) after making necessary renovation / expansion of the system. However the existing disposal system can not cope with the wastewater 5.3 IPD will provide space near the barrage to establish contractor s camp and workshop. 5.4 Ensure that Photographs of adjacent area of camp site and other features are taken prior to any activity which will be used as a reference when restoring of site 5.5 Ensure that room size is as per standard specification. 5.6 Ensue that domestic washing areas are demarcated and water from washing areas and kitchen is released in CEnv CEnv CEnv CEnv CSCEnv CSCEnv CSCEnv CSCEnv Compliance Plategraph records Compliance per specification System in places BC Once before the establishment of the camp BC: Once before construction activity BC: During camp design phase DC Daily When required BOQ BOQ BOQ BOQ NESPAK-ABB-DMC 116

133 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor generated from labour sumps camp. 5.7 Ensure septic tank CEnv CSCEnv System in BC, DC BOQ Utilities: Contractor will share with IPD for the facilities of water supply, telephone lines and electricity on payment basis. Disposal of solid waste. Unmanaged disposal of waste will contaminate land. Existing disposal arrangement can be used after making necessary renovation / expansion of the system by the contractor. of appropriate design are used for sewage treatment and outlets released into sumps, further treatment system or used for agriculture. 5.8 Ensure that latrines, septic tanks, and sumps are built at a safe distance from water hole (tube wells or hand pump), stream, or dry streambed and the bottom of the sump is above the ground water level. 5.9 Ensure that Sumps CEnv CEnv CSCEnv CSCEnv places Compliance Compliance per Once before start of work When required BC During design phase of camp set up and waste treatment system BC BOQ BOQ are: specification Once at the Time In absorbent of camp NESPAK-ABB-DMC 117

134 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor soil establishment Down slope and away from the camp Downstream from the camp water source and above the high watermark of any nearby water body (if any) Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv System in place BC BOQ effective drainage Once at the start of system is in place at work site 5.11 Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv System analysis DC BOQ existing wastewater On-going Monthly basis disposal system is not consultation with overstressed, if used. local authorities Contractor make CEnv CSCEnv System in place DC Direct Cost assessment and carry When requiredd NESPAK-ABB-DMC 118

135 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor out renovation / expansion works of existing facilities in consultation with IPD. IPD to assist the contractor in this regard 5.14 Ensure the CEnv CSCEnv Implementation BC, DC BOQ application of Solid of Waste Once before Waste Management Disposal Plan establishing Plan, as described in Contractor s Camp ESIA: - Material suitable for CSCEnv Daily during recycling, collect Construction Phase separately in three bin system and sold When required - Combustible waste burnt at burn pit only - Non- combustible, non recyclable garbage sent to the designated landfill NESPAK-ABB-DMC 119

136 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor site in an area. - Medical waste Direct Cost transported to any hospital incineration plant - Solid residue from the septic tank will be transported to municipal sewage facilities at the nearest place - Contaminated soil sent to burn pit or landfill. 6 Relocation of Land Requirement: 6.1 If happened CEnv CSCEnv Compliance with BC SFA Camps, Material The recommended contractor obligations SFA When requiredd Storage area, locations for Batching defined as per Contract Batching Plant Plant, Labour Camp documents and SFA and Special site and contractor s agreement Approaches Routes and Roads. camp are approachable through provincial roads. Therefore no 6.2 If the contractor selects different location for the CEnv CSCEnv Compliance BC At the set up of the Batching Plant, BOQ NESPAK-ABB-DMC 120

137 Sr. No. Project component Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Monitoring Executor Monitor private land will require for access roads. 7 Access Tracks Damage paths roads and linear fixtures crossed/damaged by moving machinery moving to and from the construction site: Heavy traffic may damage the existing roads or private property. Contractor will carry out necessary repair work. Batching Plant, labour camp etc from the recommended locations than the contractor will develop base line data for the new location on his own cost, resources and get approval from the CSCEnv and PMO. 7.1 No specific action is CEnv CSCEnv Compliance with required except that the map contractor has to Site inspections remain vigilant that the moving machinery should remain within the boundary of I&P Department land 7.2 After completion of CEnv CSCEnv Compliance construction work all PMOthe damaged roads will be restored by the Frequency Labour Camp etc DC Daily Once a month AC When requiredd Cost BOQ NESPAK-ABB-DMC 121

138 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor contractor, as it is involved in contractor s obligations. 7.3 Ensure that gravel CEnv CSCEnv Compliance to DC BOQ is dumped only on civil drawing Once at the start of locations allowed by Site Inspections work the Consultants and On monthly basis dumping of gravel does not result in blocking of traffic or damaging vegetation. 7.4 Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv Compliance DC BOQ construction corridors Daily along the access road Monthly basis are marked 7.5 Ensure that the CEnv CSCEnv Control in place DC BOQ access roads do not Once at the start of block the natural work drainage and culverts 7.6 Ensure that surface CEnv CSCEnv Control in place DC BOQ run-off controls are Once after every installed and rain storm NESPAK-ABB-DMC 122

139 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor maintained so as to minimize soil erosion and ponding of area with rain water 7.7 Ensure adherence CEnv CSCEnv Compliance DC BOQ to the speed limit of 40 When requiredd km/hr at the access roads 7.8 Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv System in Place DC BOQ construction corridor is Daily monitored and repairs When requiredd are undertaken when required 7.9 Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv Compliance with DC BOQ vegetation clearing will EIA/EMMP When requiredd be minimized and no Once a month tree will uprooted without prior permission of consultant Ensure that the CEnv CSCEnv Site Inspections DC BOQ disposal of cleared Implementation Daily NESPAK-ABB-DMC 123

140 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor vegetation is not in a of Waste Once a month manner that may affect Disposal Plan the blockage of natural drainage 8 Waste Disposal This component 8.1 Ensure that the CEnv CSCEnv Compliance BC/DC BOQ Management describes the waste selected construction When required disposal plan that will waste disposal site is be employed during the demarked before construction and starting the work restoration period. The main types of waste to be disposed of will be: Fuel, oils, and chemicals (empty drums, contaminated soil etc); Sewage; Campsite waste; Medical waste; Demolition waste; and Packing waste, Excess construction material. 8.2 Ensure that Photographs of the area of the nominated waste disposal site are collected to restore the site at the completion of the construction phase 8.3 Ensure that all the waste generated from different locations must be disposed off CEnv CEnv CSCEnv CSCEnv Plategraphs record System in Place BC/DC Once at the start of work When required Once a month DC As and When required BOQ BOQ Direct Cost according to the waste NESPAK-ABB-DMC 124

141 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor Disposal Plan. 8.4 Ensure that all CEnv CSCEnv System in Place DC BOQ trucks used for the When required transportation of waste construction material must be covered and watertight 8.5 It is a contractor s CEnv CSCEnv SFA DC SFA contractual obligation Environmental Once a week When to complete and follow Audit required the SFA if any private land damage due to disposal of waste generated from the construction activities 8.6 Ensure that the CEnv CSCEnv Compliance DC BOQ movement of lifting Daily machinery and vehicles When required is limited to the work area. 8.7 Ensure that soils CEnv CSCEnv Site Inspections DC BOQ properly disposed of in As and When NESPAK-ABB-DMC 125

142 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor a manner that does not required affect the natural drainage 9 Land The construction 9.1 Ensure that the CEnv CSCEnv Compliance DC BOQ contamination machinery includes maintenance of vehicle System in place Daily due to spill of cranes, trucks, loaders/ and other plant takes As and When lubricants, fuel, dumber and batching place only in required chemicals and plants will be used designated areas other waste during the construction underlined with material period. There are concrete slabs and a chances of system to catch surface contaminating of the runoff. land due to release of contaminated effluents, accidental spill, leaks, run of from the material storage yard etc. 9.2 Ensure effluents from rig washing and other potentially contaminated effluents are released in mud pit CEnv CSCEnv System in place DC When required BOQ 9.3 Ensure that fuels, CEnv CSCEnv System in Place DC BOQ oils, and other Once in week When hazardous substances required are handled and stored according to standard NESPAK-ABB-DMC 126

143 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor safety practices such as secondary containment bunded area. Fuel tanks should be labeled accordingly 9.4 Ensure that fuels, CEnv CSCEnv System in place DC BOQ oils, and chemical are Once every 15- stored in areas lined by days an impermeable base Once a month and containing dykes. 9.5 Ensure spills are CEnv CSCEnv System in place DC BOQ avoided during fuel and Daily oil transfer operations. Arrangements in When required Appropriate place arrangements, such as minimize carrying around site, if require carry in proper container or vehicles. 9.6 Keep spillage kit CEnv CSCEnv System in place DC BOQ including shovels, Daily plastic bags, absorbent Once a month NESPAK-ABB-DMC 127

144 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor materials and sand bags are kept available near fuel and oil storage areas. 9.7 Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv Work Planning DC BOQ refueling of vehicles is Daily planned on daily basis to minimize travel and chances of spill 9.8 Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv Compliance DC BOQ operating vehicles are Daily checked for any fuel, When required oil, or battery fluid leakage regularly 9.9 Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv System in place DC BOQ incidents of leak / spill Daily record is maintained for each vehicle and Maintain Record When required repairs affected vehicles at the earliest opportunity. Leaking vehicles will not be NESPAK-ABB-DMC 128

145 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor operated unless repaired Soil contaminated CEnv CSCEnv Compliance DC BOQ by minor spill (covering When required an area up to 0.1 m² and 75 mm deep) will be collected and disposed at burn pit Ensure that soil CEnv CSCEnv Compliance DC BOQ contaminated by When required moderate spills or leaks Once a month (up to 200 lifters) is contained using shovels, sand and soil. The contaminated soil will be removed from the site and send it to landfill site or burn pit as require. Major spills of volume exceeding 200liters will be handled and controlled NESPAK-ABB-DMC 129

146 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor by a specialized contractor as suggested in Waste Disposal Plan 10 Agricultural It is envisage that no 10.1 Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv Implementation DC SFA land and crop agricultural land is destruction of of Contractor s Daily destruction. involved for the agricultural land is contractual When required establishing of the avoided by controlling obligation contractor s facilities i.e. the work activities and batching plant, labour vehicles movement by camp, contractor s the trained banksman. camp, material yard, workshop etc. Accidental damage to the crop or agricultural land may happen due to mistake of contractor s vehicle driver or labour If it is absolutely unavoidable and private land or crop damage from the contractor s activities then the affecties will be compensated and SFA completed by the CEnv CSCEnv Compliance SFA DC When required SFA contractor 11 Any discharge No graveyard / 11.1 If during CEnv CSCEnv Site Inspections DC Direct Cost or diversion of archeological site are construction such sites Daily NESPAK-ABB-DMC 130

147 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor water to a found in the project are found and When required graveyard or area so no such discharge or diversion archeological situation may occur in of water likely to site. the area. damage the site then it is a contractor s obligation not to let it happen Solve the problem CEnv CSCEnv Compliance SFA DC SFA by collaboration with When required the communities as per SFA. 12 Electric & Renovation of electric No action is required Mechanical and mechanical Works. installations of the existing barrage will be carried out in situ so there will be no impact on the land resources due to this activity. 13 Extended Canal The construction Ensure that the CEnv CSCEnv Compliance of DC BOQ Closure. activities require canal extended canal closure Work Plan When required closure will be is avoided by planning Once a month NESPAK-ABB-DMC 131

148 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor scheduled in such a the work activities. way that it must be finished within normal canal closure period and avoided extended canal closure. If require construct cofferdam or temporary structure to maintain routine discharge into the all three canals 13.2 In case of emergency avoid full closure of canal by setting up cofferdam Cofferdams or temporary diverted routes of canals will be constructed by a competent staff or subcontractor to keep CEnv CEnv CSCEnv CSCEnv Compliance Site Inspections Appointment process DC When required DC When requiredd Direct Cost BOQ running the canals during work activities, if required. B- WATER RESOURCES 14 Construction of Contamination: 14.1 Ensure that soil CEnv CSCEnv Compliance with DC, AC BOQ Coffer Dams. Contamination of the material used for the method During river water from soil construction/dismantlin statement construction/disma- material during g of the coffer dam Site Inspections ntling of the coffer construction and should not contaminate dam NESPAK-ABB-DMC 132

149 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor removal of the coffer the river water in terms dams may of suspended solids, Once a month consequently affecting ph, oil based material the aquatic life, to impact adversely on particularly downstream the aquatic life, fisheries. particularly downstream fisheries by adopting good engineering practice Carry out water CEnv CSCEnv Laboratory DC Direct Cost testing to ensure the based and on Monthly basis of on setting up /dismantling site Water site testing and operation of the testing of control cofferdam do not water Quarterly basis of adversely impacting of laboratory base control water bodies testing (river, canals) The Contractor CEnv CSCEnv Compliance BC/DC BOQ will consult with the At the set up and environmentalist from dismantling the supervising Cofferdam consultant to get the NESPAK-ABB-DMC 133

150 Sr. No. Project component Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Monitoring Executor Monitor approval of construction/dismantlin g process and location of the cofferdam. 15 Batching Plant Use of water: Preparation of concrete at the batching plant would need water free from sediments and high salt concentrations, particularly sulphates. Ground water in vicinity of the river will meet this requirement. Therefore, the contractor will install tube well at the site to meet this requirement. Water may also be needed for curing the concrete. For this the 15.1 Ensure that pumping of the ground water will not affect the private or public tube well in the near vicinity CEnv CSCEnv Compliance 15.2 Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv Compliance contractor use the PMOwater free from sediments and high salt concentration for the preparation of concrete at the batching plant Ensure that wastewater or surface runoff generating during rain from the batching plant should not enter in to the river CEnv CSCEnv Site Inspections Frequency BC Before establishing new tube well DC When required Daily DC Daily When required Cost BOQ BOQ BOQ NESPAK-ABB-DMC 134

151 Sr. Project No. component 16 Drinking Water Supply & Wastewater Generated from Contractor s Camp & Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost Monitoring Executor Monitor contractor will use river water. Disposal of waste water: Waste water generated from the batching plant will be loaded with cement and fine aggregate. Disposal of this water into the river will affect the water quality and consequently affecting the aquatic life. The suitable site for the batching plant is indicated on figure 3.1. Water Consumption: The contractor will require arranging water supply at the camp for consumptive as well as for the use at work DC BOQ When required Monthly basis without treatment Ensure the effluent meet the NEQS level through CEnv CSCEnv Compliance with contractual obligation. impounding or other Effluent testing type of treatment (if generated) before this is disposed off in to the river Ensure that Engineer to oversee that the contract clauses are complied by the contractor. CEnv CSCEnv Compliance DC Daily BOQ 16.1 Ensure water source for domestic use i.e. camp site tab(s) or extraction well will be monitored. CEnv CSCEnv System in place Water testing DC Direct Cost Quarterly basis 16.2 Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv Compliance with DC BOQ NESPAK-ABB-DMC 135

152 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor Workshop shop for washing and drinking water standard WHO drinking Quarterly testing Direct Cost otherwise. This may be should be maintained water standards required from the while supplying water existing water resource to the labour camp and available with IPD for also regular water the use at the colony or testing and monitoring install a new tube well. should be done. The arrangement will be made in consultation with Consultant and PMO. Disposal of Waste water and other waste effluents: The contractor s camp will generate wastewater from two sources, viz., residential area and workshop. Both the wastewaters will have different types of contaminants, i.e Ensure that local water supplier is compensated for the water if extracted from the existing water supply system for the community the contractor will provide wastewater treatment facilities separately for both types of wastewater (domestic wastewater & construction wastewater) CEnv CEnv CSCEnv CSCEnv Compliance Compliance with contractual obligation DC When required DC Daily When required BOQ BOQ NESPAK-ABB-DMC 136

153 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor domestic wastewater 16.5 Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv Compliance of BC, DC BOQ contains human excreta sewage and other contractual At the design stage while the latter will have waste effluents are obligation of waste treatment oil and grease. handled properly to system Disposal of untreated avoid contaminating Effluents testing Quarterly Basis wastewater in to the the control water river may pollute river bodies. water and affect the aquatic life. 17 Electrical & Renovation of electrical 17.1 Ensure good CEnv CSCEnv Site inspection DC BOQ Mechanical and mechanical house keeping to avoid by the technical When requiredd Work installations of the any accidental spill or staff Daily existing barrage will be leakage into the river. carried out in situ. Accidental spill or leakage of chemicals or oil based material could contaminates the river water and adversely affect the aquatic life The contractor will provide suitable working platform e.g. scaffolding or mobile working tower, if require to avoid accidental spill. CEnv CSCEnv Compliance Site inspection DC When Daily required BOQ C- AIR QUALITY NESPAK-ABB-DMC 137

154 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor AND NOISE POLLUTION 18 Dust, smoke A vast variety of 18.1 Ensure that all CEnv CSCEnv Monitoring DC BOQ and other construction plant and equipment, generator gaseous Quarterly basis potential machinery including but and vehicles used emission rates Noise level When pollutants from not limited to during the project are from generator required Plants & bulldozers, dumpers properly tuned and and other key equipments generators, Batching maintained in good equipment Plant and vehicles will working condition, in be used during the order to minimize the construction phase. exhaust emissions These construction activities will generate dust, smoke and other potential pollutants in the air If the selected site for batching plant is closer than 500m from the build-up area than ensure that zero CEnv CSCEnv System in place BC Once at start of the work BOQ emission plant is installed Ensure that dust CEnv CSCEnv Visible dust: DC BOQ emissions due to Visible Daily vehicular traffic are observation of During peak minimized by reducing size of dust Construction NESPAK-ABB-DMC 138

155 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor speed, vehicular traffic clouds Period. minimized through Surprise visit good journey Once a week management and water sprinkling on nonmettle road When required Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv Compliance DC Direct Cost periodic Ambient air Quarterly basis quality is monitoring to assess the concentration of Carbon Monoxide ( CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ), Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2 ) and Particulate Matter / (PM10) in the atmosphere. 19 Smoke from It is a Contractor s 19.1 Contractor s CEnv CSCEnv Compliance BC BOQ burning of responsibility to provide obligations to provide contractual Once at the start of waste material clean source of fuel i.e. gas to the labour and obligations work NESPAK-ABB-DMC 139

156 Sr. Project No. component or burning of firewood in the labour camp 20 Noise Pollution from Construction Activities Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost Monitoring Executor Monitor sui gas such that the site worker do not burn wood as fuel. Burning special waste (clinical waste, packing waste etc) may emit poisoness or hazardous emission. The use of old/outdated machinery may raise the noise level during the construction phase. The contractor will use not allow them to use wood as fuel. DC Once a week 19.2 Ensure that all the CEnv CSCEnv System in place DC BOQ combustible nonhazardous waste material should be burnt in the burn pit. Daily When required 19.3 Ensure that the CEnv CSCEnv Maintain record DC BOQ quantity of waste burnt at one time is managed so as to minimize smoke emission When required 19.4 control fuel consumption and minimize its waste or leakage by regular monitoring CEnv CSCEnv Maintain record DC When required BOQ 20.1 Contractor s CEnv CSCEnv Compliance with DC BOQ obligation is to use the contract Daily appropriate and fit for When required purpose machinery 20.2 Ensure the CEnv CSCEnv Compliance DC BOQ NESPAK-ABB-DMC 140

157 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor the appropriate minimum use of vehicle Daily machinery to carry out horns particularly When required the work. during embankments strengthening work along the pond area 20.3 Ensure the CEnv CSCEnv Compliance DC BOQ implementation of the Daily 20km/h speed limit on When required site Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv Noise Monitoring DC Direct Cost periodic noise Monthly basis monitoring is When required undertaken to access the noise pollution during working hours. D- BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 21 Damage to The pond area at the 21.1 When aligning the CEnv CSCEnv Compliance BC BOQ biological upstream of the access road ensure Once at the time of resources barrage consists on that the chosen route aligning of access during wetland and provide require minimum road construction. habitat of wildlife vegetation loss and no NESPAK-ABB-DMC 141

158 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor including water fowl, tree cutting otters and soft-shell turtles. Al-most all the work activities are outside the Barrage pond area Ensure wood and shrubs are not used as fuel during construction phase 21.3 Ensure that there CEnv CEnv CSCEnv CSCEnv Compliance with EIA/EMMP Compliance with DC Daily Once a month DC BOQ BOQ For other project activities contractor may require to clear vegetation from the areas to be used for: - Borrowing soil material - Establishing Construction Camp - Erecting Batching Plant - Haulage Tracks Including Guide banks is no open defecating in the vicinity of camps or construction site Ensure that no fire arms are carried out by any of the employees or labour, except designated security staff if require Ensure that safe driving practices is observed so that the accidental killing of reptiles or small CEnv CEnv CSCEnv CSCEnv Waste Disposal Plan Compliance Site inspection Compliance with EIA/EMMP Endorse speed limit Daily When required DC Daily When required DC Daily When required BOQ BOQ Bela trimming / partial animals crossing the road could be avoided NESPAK-ABB-DMC 142

159 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor removal may adversely 21.6 Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv Compliance with BC/DC BOQ impact the wildlife of damage to the natural Environmental Daily the area due to noise topography and protection Act When required and heavy machinery landscape is kept movements minimum as possible 21.7 Ensure that no- CEnv CSCEnv Compliance with BC/DC BOQ hunting, trapping and wildlife Daily or harassing wildlife. protection rules The wildlife policy will & regulation be strictly observed. When required 21.8 Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv Compliance with DC BOQ fishing in the river by Fishery roles & Daily the project staff is regulation When required prohibited 21.9 Ensure that the CEnv CSCEnv Compliance with DC Direct Cost general awareness of Environmental Daily the crew is enhanced and Wildlife regarding the wildlife, Protection laws through environmental When required training and notice boards. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 143

160 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor Ensure that no CEnv CSCEnv Site inspections DC BOQ project vehicle or staff Fenced the Daily is allowed to access in contractor s When required the restricted areas due facilities to security and wildlife habitat Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv Consultation with DC BOQ shouting permit should Wildlife When required not be given by the Department Wildlife Department for the shooting in Barrage pond area during the construction phase Ensure that site CEnv CSCEnv Compliance with DC BOQ workers are protected mitigation Daily from harmful species of measures as When required animals. explain in EIA Ensure that river CEnv CSCEnv Include a BC BOQ ecology is monitored specialize At the preparation prior to the start of the ecologist in the of EIA project, during environmental DC construction and post team Quarterly basis NESPAK-ABB-DMC 144

161 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor construction Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv Site inspection DC BOQ excavating activities for and work When required the bela trimming planning purpose are carried out preferably during fish non-breading season (April to June). Monitor turbidity on regular basis during excavating activities. E- SOCIO- ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL ISSUES 22 Health & Safety Population at Risk: 22.1 The contractor will CEnv CSCEnv As per contract BC/DC Direct Cost Impacts on Site The main settlement impart to the training to When required Work Force and being located far from the workers on safety Local the project site, matter. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 145

162 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor Population therefore it is unlikely to 22.2 Ensure Compliant CEnv CSCEnv Maintain Record DC BOQ emplace any health & Management Register Compliance Daily safety hazards for the and Accident Record When required local population due to Register is maintained the project activities. at Camp site office. However there will be safety and health hazards for the work force, particularly for the people working on the repair/ renovation of gates and hoists and installing electric equipments under a condition of full impoundment of the barrage pond Ensure no machinery is left unattended at working site 22.4 Ensure PMO representative visits monthly to gather complaints from Social/Environment CEnv CSCEnv CSCEnv PMO Maintain plants log sheet Site inspections Maintain Complain Management Register DC Daily When required Once a month DC Daily Monthly basis BOQ BOQ Complaints Management Register and provide feedback to the community on the status of the NESPAK-ABB-DMC 146

163 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor previous complaints to the community elders Ensure the use of CEnv CSCEnv Display sign DC BOQ horns is prohibited, boards Daily except when necessary Compliance When required 22.6 Ensure all entry CEnv CSCEnv Compliance DC BOQ points in to the Provision of 24h Daily construction area are to security When required be staffed 24 hours a day Ensure that safe CEnv CSCEnv Implementation DC BOQ driving practices are of traffic Daily adopted, particularly management When required while passing close to plan settlements. This includes a speed limit of 40km/h within build up (residential area) and 20km/h on site. 23 Existing service Social consultation will 23.1 Service facilities CEnv CSCEnv Contractor s DC SFA facilities like be done and all impacts may be leagalized obligation Daily NESPAK-ABB-DMC 147

164 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor education, influencing the through SFA. defined in When required health, communities will be contract data electricity, defined and all these Compliance of drinking water factors will be added SFA supply and public gathering, religious congregations etc and incorporated in the contract document of the contractor and SFA of the communities 23.2 Ensure that women of the area consulted and their point of view incorporated regarding the project activities CEnv CSCEnv Gender Analysis BC, At the preparation of EIA DC Quarterly basis BOQ and community development projects 23.3 Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv Public BC BOQ religious congregations Consultation At the preparation must be observed of EIA carefully in order to DC avoid conflicts with When required tribal leaders and local communities Contractor s camp CEnv CSCEnv Contractor s BC BOQ should include but not Contractual At preparation of limited to the following Obligation. contract document NESPAK-ABB-DMC 148

165 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor facilities Mosque, Restaurant Leisure centre, Health & Safety centre and Welfare facilities. 24 Tribal tension Just one month before 24.1 Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv Public BC BOQ local rivalries the start of the polices with direct consultation Once at the start of on running construction work social bearing on project Compliance of work canals and use frame work agreement activities are culturally SFA DC of aquatic life will be done between sensitive, in order to When required the community avoid conflicts with members and the tribal leaders and local resident engineer. In communities and to order to avoid conflicts offset any impact on with tribal leaders and the local social local communities structure. mutual consents will be discussed in SFA Ensure women are informed through CEnv CSCEnv Compliance Gender Analysis BC, At the preparation BOQ traditional means of of EIA communication of the DC presence of foreign When required men (migrated labour NESPAK-ABB-DMC 149

166 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor etc) in their area 24.3 Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv Compliance of BC SFA individuals holding titles SFA & Land Act Once at the start of to private property used the work in the project (if any) DC are compensated in When required accordance with the market rates and all payment are recorded 24.4 Focus on water CEnv CSCEnv Group meetings, BC/DC BOQ related issues related Public When required to project consultation implementation in regular group meeting with local community 25 Adverse effects No important cultural 25.1 If any CEnv CSCEnv Compliance with BC Direct Cost on and archaeological site archaeological, law indicated in At the completion of archaeological has been found or historical, cultural, chapter 2 of EIA EIA sites any grave reported in the area, religious or grave yard DC yards and burial found during the project Daily sites implementation then When required NESPAK-ABB-DMC 150

167 Sr. Project No. component 26 Public Health & Safety services at construction site. Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Monitoring Executor Monitor the contractor will ensure that no damage to any such sites is caused due to the project activities. However no such site is indicated in the project area currently Ensure that if any CEnv CSCEnv Compliance DC such sites are found Daily during the construction stage informed to the site office immediately. Due precautions shall 26.1 Ensure that a CEnv CSCEnv Compliance DC be taken by the proper Ambulance Daily contractor, and at his (preferably a fourwheel When required own cost, to ensure the drive vehicle) is safety of his staff and available on site on a labour and, in 24-hour basis during collaboration with and construction phase. to the requirement of 26.2 Ensuring that all CEnv CSCEnv Compliance BC/DC the local health materials, gears and Once at the start of Cost BOQ BOQ BOQ NESPAK-ABB-DMC 151

168 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor authority,to ensure that equipment (including work medical staff headed by personal protective DC qualified medical equipment) require Daily doctor, first add carrying out the work equipment and stores safely are provided to,sick bay and suitable the staff. ambulance service are available at the campus, housing, and on the site at all times through out the period of the contract and that suitable arrangements are made for the prevention of epidemics and for all necessary well fare and hygiene requirements Ensure that employees must have access to running potable water at their place of work and also shaded area is provided for rest during working shift Ensure use of horns is prohibited, except when necessary CEnv CEnv CSCEnv CSCEnv. System in place Compliance DC Daily When required DC Daily When required BOQ BOQ 26.5 Ensure that safe CEnv CSCEnv Compliance DC BOQ driving practices are Traffic Daily adopted, particularly Management When required while passing close to Plan NESPAK-ABB-DMC 152

169 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor settlements. This includes a speed limit of 40km/h within builtup area and 20km/h max. speed limit on site. 27 Employment The project will open 27.1 Ensure maximum CEnv CSCEnv Compliance with BC BOQ opportunities new jobs opportunities (upto 100%) unskilled labour laws in At the stage of which the local and possible semi contract employment population could avail. skilled and skilled jobs documents DC IPD may request the are to be provided to When required contractor to hire labour people from local from the local communities, provided community the suitable competent It is believed that person with required substantial amount of qualifications/experienc unskilled work force for e is available. construction could be recruited from the local population near the project site. Therefore Barrage construction will have a positive 27.2 Ensure project staff interaction with local community is minimized CEnv CSCEnv Land selection for labour camp should be at least 500m away, physical barrier between BC During preparation of EIA DC When required BOQ NESPAK-ABB-DMC 153

170 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor impact on the socio- work area and economic fabric of the public places local society. The Contractor will evaluate the available manpower taking into consideration the level (skilled or unskilled) and numbers of the workers who could be inducted in the labour/ work force of the Project. The Contractor will give preference to employing suitable personnel living close to the Project area on the conditions which will be in accordance with the National Law ensuring that the working conditions for 27.3 Ensure that inter tribal balance is maintained when giving employment to the local population. Preference to be given to the people directly affected by the project Ensure that guidelines are prepared and implemented to sensitize non-local labour to local norms and customs in order to minimize cultural tensions 27.5 Ensure that field crew is medically screened before employed CEnv CEnv CEnv CSCEnv CSCEnv CSCEnv Public Consultation Public Consultation Compliance with PHS Act BC At the stage of employment DC When required BC at the stage of employment DC Quarterly BC At the stage of employment BOQ BOQ BOQ NESPAK-ABB-DMC 154

171 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor the labour / work force at the site take due care of the health, safety and ambient conditions conducive to appropriate working/living standards applicable to a work site. 28 Communicable The labour camp, their 28.1 Ensure that CEnv CSCEnv Compliance with DC Direct Cost Diseases. interaction with truck periodic awareness PHS Acts, health Quarterly drivers and alike campaign for HIV/AIDS & safety When required personnel are potential are undertaken for the awareness places for spread of project staff courses Communicable Diseases if the incidence exists. Almost 100% of the people of project area and the potential labour are not aware of the source, mode of 28.2 Ensure that a risk assessment of the spread of HIV/AIDS is undertaken in the project area on the basis of data from the Punjab HIV/AIDS program. CEnv CSCEnv Medical testing of site worker BC At the employment DC Quarterly basis BOQ NESPAK-ABB-DMC 155

172 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor communication or 28.3 The medical staff CEnv CSCEnv Medical Testing DC BOQ consequences of ensure periodical When required Hepatitis, HIV/AIDS. checks of the cooking. Although their religious staff and cooking and cultural value practice particularly for system, to a large symptoms of hepatitis extent excludes the A. outbreak or rapid communication of HIV/AIDS, yet its occurrence in such a situation cannot be precluded. It is necessary that along with other communicable diseases like Cholera, Typhoid and Tuberculosis, awareness and preventive campaigns are run from time to NESPAK-ABB-DMC 156

173 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor time in the labour camps and the field offices of the project on HIV/AIDS. 29 Restoration/reh It will be the 29.1 Ensure that all CEnv CSCEnv Compliance After completion of BOQ abilitation requirement of the barrow sites are Plategraph excavating work contract that restoration remediate as per record of borrow areas will be contract requirements done at completion of the work. All borrow areas will be levelled as far as possible, graded and brought in a level form resembling to natural condition prior extraction / borrowing. Campsite and temporary facilities will be restored in accordance with contractual obligations and requirements. All 29.2 Camp site is restored and changed to tourist resort if possible and agreed by the I&P Department 29.3 All extra products / material, solid and liquid will be disposed off in accordance with the requirement of the EIA / EPA and contract document All fencing and access gates relevant CEnv CEnv CEnv CSCEnv CSCEnv CSCEnv Compliance Compliance with Waste Disposal- Plan Compliance with restoration After completion of work After completion of work After completion of work BOQ BOQ NESPAK-ABB-DMC 157

174 Sr. No. Project component Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost Monitoring Executor Monitor the community roads to construction guidelines and bridge roads which were under contractor use will be restored to activities will be removed 29.5 All pits (including CEnv CSCEnv Compliance At completion of BOQ its original shape or better. burn pits, sumps and depression) will be backfilled unless agreed with the CSCEnv work 29.6 The portion of the access track likely to be of no use for other activities will be restored by removing culverts and gravel topping CEnv CSCEnv Compliance After completion of BOQ work 29.7 While abandoning CEnv CSCEnv Compliance with After completion of BOQ sumps the extra cap of soil will be placed over them to allow for compaction. restoration guidelines work 29.8 Ensure that no CEnv CSCEnv Compliance with After completion of SFA NESPAK-ABB-DMC 158

175 Sr. Project Description Measures / Actions Responsibility Parameters for Frequency Cost No. component Monitoring Executor Monitor potential conflicts SFA work should emerged with landowners during the restoration of the borrow areas. BC - Before Construction; DC - During costruction; CEnv - Contractor s Environmentalist - Project Management Office- Environmental Unit; CSCEnv - Construction Supervision Consultants Environmentalis NESPAK-ABB-DMC 159

176 7.5 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT Management Responsibilities Overall responsibility for environmental management will rest on Head PMO of the Irrigation and Power Department, Government of the Punjab. i. The Executing Agency : PMO of Irrigation and Power Department (IPD) ii. Supervising and Monitoring Agency : Environmental Unit of PMO. iii. General Assistance to all : Head PMO/The Project Director, I & P above agencies in their Department will facilitate communications, respective tasks logistics and data collection as and when required. iv. Logistic Support : Head PMO/The Project Director, I & P Department shall provide the logistic support and shall be the focal point for the construction activity. (i) Project Management Office (PMO) The overall responsibility for the implementation of Environmental Management/Monitoring Plan rests with the Project Management Office (PMO) along with the assistance of Environmental Unit () of PMO. The consists of Director Environment & Sociology, Deputy Director Environment and Deputy Director Sociology. PMO will assume overall responsibility for ensuring: That while executing the contract and undertaking the construction all environmental norms, regulations and requirements promulgated by Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC), Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (PEPA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Punjab and environmental safeguard policies of Asian Development Bank, with respect to the work site and adjacent areas are fully respected and implemented. Overall responsibility for implementation of EMP. PMO will ensure that Contractor and Construction Supervision Consultants appoint a dedicated environmental officer and allied staff. PMO will also ensure that all NESPAK-ABB-DMC 160

177 environmental personnel are authorized to implement the socio- environmental policies and requirements of the EMMP. PMO will also coordinate with relevant government departments and stakeholders on concerned socio-environmental issues. PMO will inspect and monitor residual impacts of the rehabilitation work and observe documentation of the impacts during the construction phase. PMO will also inspect the significance of impact in case of unanticipated change in the project. Construction Supervision Consultants will assist and advise PMO in implementation of EMP. (ii) Environment Unit () of PMO - The Environmental Unit () within PMO will monitor Project performance. - The will function in coordination with the Construction Supervision Consultants and will receive reports from them on behalf of PMO. - will prepare and submit periodical Progress and Monitoring Reports to all stakeholders as per their schedules. In this task they will seek assistance/ guidance from Construction Supervision Consultants as and when required. (iii) Head PMO/The Project Director The Project Director shall provide or arrange the logistics including communication, transport and accommodation to all visiting persons/teams experts from any of the above monitoring units and shall coordinate with the contractor(s) to facilitate the visits/inspections. For all Monitoring and Evaluation activities in the field the Engineer s Representative shall act as a focal point. (iv) Contractor The contractor will be responsible for the implementation of the project EMP. The contractor will ensure that EMP for the project is implemented fully and must be integrated into the Project implementation and make integral part of the contract document. For any default damages so caused will be remediated by the contractor at his own cost and expenses. In case the contractor fails to rectify the damage the employer will do the need full at risk and cost of the contractor. The amount will be determined by the Construction Supervision Consultants which will be adjusted from amount due to the contractor. The contractor will also be responsible for communicating with and training of his staff in environmental aspects and implementation of the EMP. The contractor will develop and get approved Health, Safety NESPAK-ABB-DMC 161

178 & Environment (HSE) Plan from Construction Supervision Consultants before the commencement of the Physical works on site. (v) Construction Supervision Consultants The construction supervision consultants will be responsible to ensure quality of work and fulfilment of contractual obligations. Environmental Specialist of the construction supervision consultants will ensure that all the environmental and social provisions comply with the applicable standards. He / She will confirm that the day-to-day construction activities are carried out in environment friendly manner and organize periodic environmental training programmes and workshops for the consultant s and contractor s staff. Project Organizational Structure The organizational structure for the environment management / monitoring implementation is shown below. The role of the organization are described in exhibit 1. Secretary to Government of Punjab Irrigation and Power Department Head Project Management Office Environment Unit Construction Supervision Consultants Contractor Director Social / Environment Environmental Specialist & Sociologist Environmental officer / Team Deputy Director Environment Deputy Director Sociology Organization Chart for Environment Management / Monitoring Implementation Exhibit 1 - Responsibilities of PMO Environmental Unit, Contractors, Monitoring and Environmental Specialist of the Construction Supervision Consultants NESPAK-ABB-DMC 162

179 Organization Designation Responsibilities Operating Documents Project Director Socio Overall in charge of the Contract with I&P Management / Environment environmental unit. Department Office (PMO) Oversee the works of Relevant Asian Bank environmental and social documents on aspects related to the environmental and project(s) for Punjab other laws discussed barrages rehabilitation. in EIA of Sulemanki Provide environmental Barrage and social guidance to EIA for the Sulemanki environmental staff in Barrage project preparation and The present EMMP of approval / sanctions, Sulemanki Barrage constructions, Social Framework implementation, to attain Agreement (SFA). optimum efficiency and Consultant s success in the Environmental management and Reports operation of the project. Comply with Assist Project Director in National, International active inter-action with and Punjab Public donors, consultant, Health and Safety contractors and other (PHS) Acts stake holders on monthly review, progress of the project or any other situation required immediate action. Time management for successful completion of the project and its scheduling according to approved budget. Preparation of all necessary reports required to be submitted to Govt. or donor agency. Ensure compliance and implementation of rules and regulations issued by NESPAK-ABB-DMC 163

180 Organization Designation Responsibilities Operating Documents the Federal Agencies especially regarding social and environmental aspects. Project planning, monitoring and evaluation specifically in environmentally & social related matters in the project. Project Deputy Assist Director Socio, Contract with I&P Management Director environment in office Department Office (PMO) Environment assignment and field as Relevant Asian Bank well. documents on Full fill the obligation as environmental and laid out in his/her contract other laws discussed with I&P department. in EIA. of Sulemanki Ensures environmental Barrage protection during the EIA for the Sulemanki project implementation Barrage according to The present EMMP of Environmental laws, Sulemanki Barrage policies guidelines and Social Framework technical standards Agreement (SFA). Liaison with contractor Consultants and consultants Environmental environmental team Reports Conduct site visits to Comply with ensure compliance with National, International EIA and EMMP and Punjab Public Coordinate with Health and Safety stakeholders, including (PHS) Acts general community, EPA, WWF, Asian Bank, contractor, consultants and others Support DD Sociology in NESPAK-ABB-DMC 164

181 Organization Designation Responsibilities Operating Documents fullfillment of his/her responsibilities Project Deputy Assist Director Socio, Contract with I&P Management Director environment in office Department Office Sociologist assignment and field as Relevant Asian Bank well. documents on social Carried out the aspects and other responsibilities of official laws discussed in EIA spokesperson of the of Sulemanki PMO. Barrage. Deals with social Socio-economic survy mobilization and emerging as a baseline for EIA socio-economic issues. of Sulemanki Coordinate with Barrage stakeholders, including The present EMMP of general community, EPA, Sulemanki Barrage WWF, Asian Bank, PHS Acts contractor, consultants Social Framework and others. Agreement (SFA). Review all socioenvironmental Consultant s Socioensure reports and implementation of Environmental Reports corrective measures, if Documentation any received from the Conduct site visits to field ensure compliance with Comply with HSE EIA and EMMP Acts Support DD Environment Social Framework in fulfilment of his/her Agreement (SFA responsibilities Construction Environmental Ensure the implementation Contract with PMO Supervision Specialist of the mitigation EIA for Sulemanki Consultant measures suggested in Barrage the EMMP The EMMP of Monitor construction Sulemanki Barrage activities as per the Comply with HSE NESPAK-ABB-DMC 165

182 Organization Designation Responsibilities Operating Documents compliance monitoring Plan program Monitor the impacts of the project activities (effects monitoring, discussed later in this document) Liaison with environmental officers and HSE officer Manage and implement environmental mitigation measures, as well as I&P Department and contractor s health and safety Policies Manage operation of the contractor s environmental management staff Train the staff as required Contractor Environmental Manage and implement Contract with I&P officer / HSE environmental mitigation Department officer measures contractor s EIA for Sulemanki health and safety Policies Barrage Liaison with consultant EMMP of Sulemanki supervision consultant s Barrage environmental specialist. Comply with PHS Manage operation of the Acts field environmental staff Consultant s Train the staff as required environmental reports. Implementation of EMMP Social Framework Cause and effects, and Agreement (SFA) compliance monitoring. 7.6 CHANGE MANAGEMENT An environmental assessment of the proposed project has been made during the preparation of EIA. However it is possible that change in project design may be required NESPAK-ABB-DMC 166

183 when the project is implemented. This section describes the mechanism to handle Changes that might affect the project environmental impact. The changes in the project design may be: First Order Change is one that leads to a significant departure from the project described in the EIA such as change in location, project design. The change management statement (CMS) will be submitted to EPA for approval with a copy to the Asian Bank. Second Order Change is one that is not significantly different from those described in the EIA such as; Increase in project personnel by 25% Changes in the documentation and communication, stakeholders consultation program The change management statement (CMS) will be submitted to EPA for information with a copy to the Asian Bank. Third Order Change is one that is of little consequence to the EIA findings, such as; Re-aligning a particular section of road to avoid cutting tree The assessment report will be compiled and recorded. 7.7 COMMUNICATION AND DOCUMENTATION Communication and documentation is an essential feature of EMMP. The key features of such mechanism are: Data Recording and Maintenance All forms to be used for recording information during the environmental monitoring will follow a standard format which will correspond to the data base in to which all the gathered information will be placed. Check boxes will be used as much as possible to facilitate data entry. Tracking system will be developed for each form Storage of Information The database may include the following information Training programs; Staff deployment; Non-compliance; Corrective actions List of environmental data and List of environmental data to be maintained: NESPAK-ABB-DMC 167

184 Soil and land pollution Disposal of excavated silt and earth Disposal of waste Water resource Quality Quantity Fuel oil and chemical spills Vegetation record Record of wildlife Noise pollution Air and dust pollution Socio-economic data Meetings The following environmental meetings during the project will take place Primary meeting for setting out the requisite end frame sounding for the regular meetings. Scheduled meetings between Contractor and Supervising Consultant. Progress review meeting among of PMO, Environmental Specialist and Environment Officer. The purpose of the meeting will be to discuss the conduct of the operation, non compliances noted by the consultant s environmental team and measures for their remedy. The meeting will be recorded in the form of a daily/monthly environmental report Reports The Environmental Specialist of the Supervision Consultant shall produce periodical reports as well as inspection notes based upon the visits to the Project site. This information shall make a basis for for their further reporting or visiting the site. All reports shall be location and activity specific. The reports shall especially identify areas of contractor s noncompliance with the EMP and provide guiding remarks on actions to be taken. The significance of the non-compliance shall also be noted. Copies of these reports shall be sent to the Resident Engineer (RE) who shall forward them to the Team Leader, Head PMO, Irrigation & Power Department and the Contractor for their action(s). The RE will include in his routine reports a summary status of activities relating to the EMP. Supplemental reports on issues should also be prepared as and when required. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 168

185 The consultant s environmental team will produce daily,monthly, and annually reports, as well as a final report of the project based on the information collected. The list of distribution reports is given in Exhibit-2. Exhibit-2 Periodic Reports Report Prepared by Reviewed by Distribution Daily Contractor s Reviewed by Resident HSE officers contractor environmental Engineer officer and the Consultant s Environmental Specialists Monthly Environmental team of the Construction Supervision Consultants Reviewed by of PMO. Resident Engineer PMO I&P Department Asian Bank EPA Annually Environmental team of the Construction Supervision Consultants Reviewed by of PMO. Resident Engineer PMO I&P Department EPA Asian Bank Effects Monitoring Environmental team of the Construction Supervision Consultants Reviewed by & of PMO and Punjab EPA Resident Engineer PMO I&P Department EPA Asian Bank NESPAK-ABB-DMC 169

186 Report Prepared by Reviewed by Distribution Change Management Environmental team of the Construction Supervision Consultants Reviewed by of PMO. EPA Resident Engineer PMO I&P Department EPD World Bank Final Environmental team of the Construction Supervision Consultants Reviewed by of PMO. Resident Engineer PMO I&P Department EPA Asian Bank Plategraphic Record of the Project Area This will include: Identifying key locations for taking Plategraphs Using digital camera to Plategraph of the project area before the construction start and Recording the following information for each shot on a form Shot number Name of Plategraph Date Time Featured Plategraph Other observations Repeating the above after completion of all activities for selected location Social Complaints Register The consultant s environmental team will maintain a social complaint register at camp site office to document all complaints received from the local communities. The register will also record the measures taken to mitigate these concerns. The final report will be communicated to Environmental section of PMO. The details of Grievance Redress Mechanism are provided in the RAP. The Project Monitoring team shall carry out the monitoring of the implementation of social and environmental mitigation measures as per ADB Safegaurd Policy Statement. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 170

187 7.7.7 Record Register The environmental specialist of the construction supervision consultants will be responsible to maintain and update all environment related data, record and documents. The results from environment monitoring and sampling program should be fully documented and recorded. The results will be available for inspection by the regulator, authorities and Asain Bank on site. The record should provide the following quality assured monitoring and sampling information. Determinants monitored and sampled Specified details of measurements/samples to support analytical and QA requirements e.g. dates, times, location, other relevant parameters Results of measurements/sample analysis, with error limited. Interpretation and review of results against specified trigger level. This will be maintained at a site to document any change in the project design as well. These changes will be handled through the change management mechanism if any. The final report will be communicated to. Environmental issues Tracking Report form will be completed and maintained by the Contractor. 7.8 WASTE DISPOSAL PLAN This component describes the waste disposal plan that will be employed during the construction and restoration period. The main types of waste to be disposed off include Waste generated during construction Fuel, oils, and chemicals; Sewage; Campsite waste; Medical waste; Demolition waste; Packing waste and Excess construction material. Domestic waste and construction waste will be the main type of waste generated from Labour Camp and construction activities. Domestic waste contains high percentage of readily degradable hydrocarbon which gives bad smell on decomposition, especially in hot and humid environment. Construction waste classified as inert waste which could be a problematic to dispose off. It is recommended to collect the domestic waste and construction waste separately. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 171

188 7.8.1 Domestic Waste All the waste generated at Labour Camp should be collected and temporarily stored at the designated bonded area within the labour camp. The area should be prepared, maintained and visually inspected and recorded on regular basis by the Environment Officer of the contractor. The waste storage area should be fenced to stop animal s direct contact with the waste. The site must be decontaminated to keep the building free from foul smells, spreading of diseases and healthy working environment on regular basis. It is a responsibility of Contractor to arrange the waste collection from the Labour Camp with local authority or waste disposed cooperation on regular basis. Waste Chute should be provided within the Labour Camp. Chute will enable the collection of thrown solid in the covered storage site. Bags should be provided to the occupants and resident of the labour camp for collecting their waste. Implement resource conservation and recover recyclable waste e.g. paper, steel cane, glass bottles etc from the collected waste and divert the filtered waste to the area landfill site. A burning pit should be built on site to burn the combustible waste on site. The suggested dimension of the pit in feet is 15 x 12 x 4 (length x width x height) Construction Waste Construction waste could be reused as a fill material or construction material. However the detail testing should be undertaken to confirm the suitability of the waste, if is used as a construction material.. If the construction waste disposed of on site in the form of landfill then once the hole filled with the construction waste the top of the fill should be capped with clayed material and compacted to minimize water infiltration. The waste disposal system is summarized in Exhibit-3 below Exhibit-3 Waste Disposal Plan Types of Description waste Construction Crushed waste Concrete & Excavated soil Construction phase Road Bridge and Barrage structure repair work Disposal methods Dumping and levelling of waste only on site agreed with the Environmental Specialist and as indicated on figure 1.3. Waste will be properly disposed of in a manner that does not disturb the natural drainage. The dumped material will be NESPAK-ABB-DMC 172

189 Types waste of Description Construction phase Disposal methods strengthened by stone pitching. fuel, oils, and chemicals spills contaminated soil or wastewater Contaminated soil or water All phases soil contaminated by minor spills / leakages (defined as leaks from the vehicles, machinery, equipment, or storage containers such that the areas and depth of soil contaminated is less than 1sqft and 3 inches respectively) will be scraped and sent to the burn pit where it will be burned along with other combustible wastes. Contaminated water will be dispersed with pressure. Moderate spills defined as spills of volume less than or equal to 200 litres will be contained and controlled using shovels, sand, and native soil. these materials and equipment will be made available at campsite and construction site during operation. The contaminated soil will be excavated and stored in a bonded area lined with impermeable base. Depending on the volume of the contaminated soil, the disposal may involve of sending to burn pit or by specialized treatment such as bioremediation or solidification/stabilization (s/s) Major spills of volume exceeding 200 litres will require the initiation of PMO emergency response procedures. These spills will be handled and controlled according to the specialized measures and special treatment as suggested by the spills removal experts. The contaminated water should be collected in separate container and sent them to the suitable treatment site after the mutual agreement with environment consultant and PMO. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 173

190 Types waste of Description Construction phase Disposal methods Sewage and gray wastewater Campsite waste Medical waste Workshop waste, and fluid waste Demolition Waste Packing waste Wastewater from kitchen and washing areas, sewage Animal, fruit or vegetable residue, domestic garbage Syringes, glass bottles, soiled bandages, expired drugs, dressing Used oil, ferrous /non ferrous materials, batteries, oil etc Concrete, bricks, other building materials Paper, plastic, textiles, cardboard, rubber, wood, glass, tin, Construction /Operation Phase Construction /Operation Phase Construction /Operation Phase Construction / Operation Phase Construction / Operation Phase Construction / Operation Phase Sewage to be disposed of using septic tanks and soak pits, solid residue to be disposed of in nearby sewage treatment facilities. Wastewater from kitchen and washing areas to be disposed of in soak pits Colour coded waste collection drums will be placed at the appropriate locations to segregate different types of waste. Recyclable waste to be given away for recycling; non recyclable, combustible waste to be burned at burn pit and non combustible waste to be buried in designated landfill as agreed with and Environmental Specialist. Green waste will be disposed off at the composting unit having same dimension as burning pit. To be incinerated at nearby hospital incinerator, if any, or an equivalent facility The collection of waste should be arranged with specialized certified contractor. Reusable material to be given away for use. Remaining waste to be buried in designated landfill or designated construction waste disposal site. Combustible waste to be burned in burn pit, recyclable waste to be handed over to recycling contractors- NESPAK-ABB-DMC 174

191 Types waste Excess construction material of Description cans, aluminum cans Sand, aggregate, cement, bricks, reinforcement steel bars, paints and other construction materials Construction phase Construction / Operation Phase Disposal methods To be sold back or given to the supplier or other users 7.9 ILLUSTRATED TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT Mechanical works at the barrage might require partial or full closure of the road bridge during construction. Therefore traffic management would be required during such time periods spanning long hours in a day. It is a contractor s contractual obligation to prepare a Traffic Management Plan, get its approval from traffic police, XEn Irrigation and HSE Officer and implement on site. The plan should be available for public in local library and published in news paper. The suggestions made in this section should be incorporated by the contractor in preparation of the Traffic Management Plan. The purpose of traffic management plan is to cope with traffic distribution that call for coordinate actions from several services responsible for road/traffic management on a given road or network. Barrage Structure Repair Work There is a single carriage way bridge on top of the main weir at Sulemanki Barrage for public transport. If part of the road needs to be used to undertake the barrage structural repair work then the working area should be clearly marked with separating fence. No unauthorized person should be allowed to enter the working area. Following measures should be taken during the construction of the bridge The adjacent land on both side of the road at the suggested location of the road bridge belongs to IPD, therefore no private land acquisition require Contractor should provide a temporary route during the bridge construction if require. The temporary route should be adequate for the existing traffic plus the site traffic and designed and build by a specialized contractor. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 175

192 The rural roads leading to or passing near the construction site could be used to convey men and materials to the construction sites. It is a Contractor s contractual obligation to use the roads and paths carefully and in case of any damage, repair the damaged roads or paths. Closing one Lane: When closing down the one lane of the road then the traffic light system should be set up and allow only one side traffic at a time. Sign posts about the new traffic light and/or proposed new road layout should be placed at least one km from both sides of the Barrage. Sign boards about the expected delay in traffic and queue build up should be placed in Havali Lakha and Michna Abad (about 45 km from Sulemanki Barrage).. Complete Closure of the Road: There is an active river creek at downstream of the barrage and road bridge will be required for alternative route. A boat bridge could be assembled for temporary alternative route for the traffic during the refurbishment of the existing bridge, the suggested location of the Boat Bridge and access roads (currently are kacha path need to be strengthened for the main traffic) are indicated in figure 7.1. If the road need to be closed completely without provision of alternative route then it is suggested that the closure should not be more than continuous 4 hours. Local traffic police should be informed at-least a week before the closure required. Traffic sign board regarding the closure time and suggestion for alternative routes should be placed at the exit of main city i.e. Pakpattan, Depalpour, and Bahawalnager towards the Sulemanki Barrage. Where possible the closure should be arranged outside the off peak times (consider peak time from 6am to 10am and 3pm to 7pm). The traffic should be stopped before it enters the build up area near the barrage i.e. settlements near the barrage to avoid the distraction of the local community and damage the infrastructure from the accumulated traffic. The following traffic survey conducted over a week provides the estimate of the daily average traffic flow can be used for the preparation of the traffic management plan by the contractor. Table 7.1: Traffic Survey Conducted at Sulemanki Barrage Motorcycle Car/Jeep/ Taxi/Pajero Hiace Wagon Mini Bus/ Coaster Bus Loader Pickups Truck/ Trailer/ tractor * *First Year after Proejct Completion ADT : Average Daily Taffice NESPAK-ABB-DMC 176

193 Strengthening Embankments Works The existing embankments can be used for transporting soil, material and plant and equipment. However the approximate width of the bunds is 20 ft which may not cope with the traffic on both directions (depending upon the type of vehicles use in earth moving). The crossing/waiting bays should be provided, if require along the embankments to avoid any accidental slip of vehicles. The soft barricading fence should be provided at the edges of the path/roads etc OUTLINE OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND CONTINGENCY PLAN If any of the results of the environmental monitoring/sampling exceed specified trigger levels for the determinant, the appropriate actions will be undertaken to prevent hazard to human life, property and the environment outside the operating site bounding control and minimize any immediate risks of pollution of the environments, ensure the immediate initiation of necessary investigation and management actions to identify, mitigate and remediate the cause of the accident. Initiate training and periodic testing/checking when necessary. The probabilities of accident such as oil spills, accidental habitat destruction, water or air pollution, breach in cofferdam and hit with unexpected high flow are very low. However, such accidents can occur and overall environmental emergency response method may be used: Obtain an early warning of the emergency conditions so as to avoid adverse impacts on the environment Safeguard personnel to prevent injuries or loss of life Minimize the impact of such event on the environment and facilities by mitigating the potential for escalation and containing of the hazards Site in charge should have permanent mode of contact (e.g. mobile phone or walki talki) with the HSE officer. Contact name and number of HSE officer should be available in site office and displayed on site office notice board. It is a responsibility of the contractor to provide at least one First Aider during working hours. The First Aid provider will perform the following duties. i. Keeping all necessary first aid medicines and bandages in the first aid box at every time. ii. Replace the medicines before their expiry dates to avoid any health hazard to the people. iii. Provide first aid to the injured at the event of accident. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 177

194 iv. Report any accident / incident to the environmental manager immediately for necessary action. v. Call ambulance in case of any serious emergency. Emergency siren should be installed at the barrage to inform the site worker about any emergency situation. The operation of the siren will be controlled by the HSE officer or his nominated person. The designate assembly area also should be marked and informed to site worker. An outline of a contingency plan for the accidental spill is shown in Exhibit 4 Exhibit-4 Accidental Spill Contingency plan Step Diesel spill Chemical and Oil Spill Alert / Mobilize (by work supervisor) Initial action (by HSE Officer) On-going actions (Site Incharge) Stand Down (Site Incharge / The Engineer) Alert emergency coordinator and team Alert emergency coordinator and team Start log of event Start log of event Determine appropriate Determine appropriate strategy strategy Notify PMO in Lahore Notify PMO in Lahore Notify relevant authority Notify relevant authority If there is a containment If there is a containment breach, use earth moving breach, use earth moving equipment to construct equipment to construct ditch or berm to contain ditch or berm to contain spill. Use pump / absorbent spill. If it contaminates the to recover the product. river use pump / absorbent Handle the recovered pad to recover the product. product according to the Handle the recovered COSHH sheets. product according to the COSHH sheets. Once the incident has Once the incident has ended the emergency team ended the emergency team and authorities will stand and authorities will stand down and commence as full down and commence as full investigation investigation NESPAK-ABB-DMC 178

195 Waste disposal (Contractor) Collect all contaminated soil or absorbing pads and incinerate or treat with bioremediation at a controlled access area. In case of contaminated water the water should be treated and reuse or pump it back in to the river. Incinerate or treat with bioremediation the collected product at a controlled access area at the burn pit. Collect all contaminated soil and incinerate it at the burn pit HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENT (HSE) PLAN It is a contractor s obligations to provide and implement the Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Plan. The Plan should be divided into three main parts Health, safety and environment. Each part should include but not limited to the following elements; SAFETY 1 HSE Responsibilities 2 Site HSE Rules 3 Orientation, Site HSE Induction and Other Training Activities 4 Communication and HSE Meetings 5 Workforce Involvement, Motivation and HSE Incentive 6 Performance Monitoring 7 Hazard Analysis and Risk Management 8 Safe Work Practices 9 Personal Protective Equipment 10 Fire Prevention 11 Emergency Response Plan (ERP) 12 Transportation ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATING AND MOINTORING PLAN (EMMP) 1. HSE Policy 2. Scope and Objectives 3. Mitigation Measures, Implementation Plan & Compliance Monitoring 4. Waste Management 5. Hazardous Material 6. Night Working NESPAK-ABB-DMC 179

196 7. House Keeping 8. Noise HEALTH & HYGIENE 1. Purpose 2. Scope 3. Medical Personnel 4. First Aid (Medical) Facilities 5. Heat Stress 6. First Aid Training 7. Living Camp 8. Welfare of Personnel 9. Use of Narcotics And Drugs 10. Drainage, Sewerage and Septic Tank SITE SECURITY 1. Purpose 2. Scope 3. Method and Responsibilities ATTACHMENTS 1. HSE Policy 2. List of HSE SOP s, MS & Formats 3. Typical Site HSE Organization 4. Injury Statistics for the last four years 5. Honours and Awards 7.12 TREE PLANTATION The Tree Plantation Plan will be prepared and implement by the contractor and verified by The Engineer. In order to construct the flood escape channel about 310 numbers of woody trees are required to be uprooted. All these trees are on the government land. To mitigate this environment loss the only way out is the re-plantation with at least fifteen hundred new trees in the adjacent area of the flood escape channel. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 180

197 To raise the aesthetic value and enhancing positive environmental impacts it is also planned to plant additional 3000 number of woody, fruit and flower plants at the different location of the barrage and along the existing embankments. New plantation will be undertaken as an avenue plantation along the newly built bypass channel and the available locations at the existing embankments, according to the tree plantation plan prepared by the contractor BORROW AREAS RESTORATION Construction of bypass channel will generate sufficient soil material to fulfil the requirement of the fill for strengthening of embankments. If during construction further material is required or contractor need to borrow material from anyother site then the contractor can acquire private land in according to the lease agreement with the land owner. Photographs record will be kept before and after the land use as borrowing area. The contractor will not leave borrowing pit in such a condition that they are unusable and could be filled with rain water and provide breeding place for mosquitoes or cause any health and safety issues. Agriculture land should be restored such that it can be re-use for the agricultural purpose. The restoration of agricultural land includes but not limited to the following steps. Remove of 6 inches of the topsoil and keep it separate on site for its re-spread back on the levelled borrow area Excavate up to maximum 3 feet Level slops as far as possible Place the topsoil back on reasonably levelled area 7.14 LAND ACQUISITION PROCEDURE Land Acquisition Act (LAA) 1894 is the primary law governing land acquisition in Pakistan. The rules and regulation of above law will be followed for the acquisition of private land. It is envisaged that no private land acquisition will require for the project implementation and contractor s facilities set up. However temporary acquisition of private land may require for borrowing material. If the contractor proposed different locations of labour camp, batching plant etc and require any private land then he/she need to follow the LAA 1894 to compensate the land owner. Land valuation will be carried out with the help of district officer and agree with the private land owner. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 181

198 Cut of date will be announced at the day of compensation value agreed and signed with land owner and authorities. The compensation will be paid to the affectee(s) prior to possession of the land being taken by the Government of Punjab RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN The outline of the Risk Management Plan is provided in this section. The detailed and more precise plan should be prepared and implemented by the contractor s Project Manager. The following Plan identify the possible hazards associated with the project activities, consequences of the occurrence, probability of the occurrence and action to reduce the risk to acceptable level i.e. low to medium. Hazards Consequences Probability Risk Action to Manage Residual of occurrence of (L, M, H) the Risk Risk (Severity- occurrence L,M,H) (L, M, H) Oil, Contaminate H H -Select the location L Chemical land and control of material storage Spill water bodies yard away from the (M) water bodies -Store material on bunded area with impermeable layer -Good housekeeping -loading and unloading of material should be manage by a competent person -spill kit should be available to deal with small spills NESPAK-ABB-DMC 182

199 Hazards Consequences Probability Risk Action to Manage Residual of occurrence of (L, M, H) the Risk Risk (Severity- occurrence L,M,H) (L, M, H) Breach in Fatality or M H -The construction L Cofferdam serious injury of and maintenance of the worker cofferdam should Adversely be mange by a impact on competent person aquatic life -Findings of daily (H) inspection should be recorded and analysis -sand bags should be available on site to deal with small damages in the cofferdam -monitor river quality at downstream of the cofferdam on regular basis. Adverse Deteriorate H M -Implementation of L environment natural habitat the control al impacts of pond area measures to on Barrage (L) mitigate impact on pond area biological due to resources construction -Select appropriate activities plant and equipment and enforce the speed limit for site traffic to minimize the noise and dust pollution NESPAK-ABB-DMC 183

200 Hazards Consequences Probability Risk Action to Manage Residual of occurrence of (L, M, H) the Risk Risk (Severity- occurrence L,M,H) (L, M, H) Failure in Fatality or M H -Inspect all the L plant & serious injury equipment equipment (H) including lifting e.g. lifting chains & ropes at gears etc the start of the work -A competent person should mange the work on site. Extended Damage the L M Pakpattan and L Canal crop within the Sadiqia Canals are Closure canal command perennial canals area and close only for (H) canal cleaning work. All the work requires canal closure should be arranged during available canal closure time. If require use cofferdam or construct temporary bypass arrangement to continue canal water supply as routine. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 184

201 Hazards Consequences Probability Risk Action to Manage Residual of occurrence of (L, M, H) the Risk Risk (Severity- occurrence L,M,H) (L, M, H) Batching Deteriorate H H -Select batching L plant ambient air plant location away quality from the living area (M) or construct zero emission plant -should not operate outside working hours i.e. night time or early morning -All the workers working at the plant should wear proper PPE (breathing masks, gloves, eye protection etc) Smoke from Cause M H -Provide smoke L Burning suffocation and free fuel at labour diseases camp respiratory tract -Cutting and (H) burning of trees shall be prohibited Road Casualty, M H -prepared and L accidents serious injury, implement Traffic due to damage to Management Plan construction infrastructure as suggested in work (H) EIA. activities NESPAK-ABB-DMC 185

202 Hazards Consequences of occurrence (Severity- L,M,H) Probability of occurrence (L, M, H) Risk (L, M, H) Action to Manage the Risk Adverse Extra burden on Social existing welfare impacts due facilities. to migrating Can Cause labour from communicable other part of diseases the country (H) L: Low; M: Medium; H: High M H Improve and increase the capacity of available existing service to cope with the requirement of additional users. Run a campaign within the labour camp and local community to make people aware of the cause, mode of transmission and consequences of communicable diseases e.g. HIV/AIDS etc Residual Risk L 7.16 TRAINING MODULE The training will be given to the different professional groups separately such as manager level group, work supervisors, skilled/unskilled labour etc. The training will helps to insure the Project worker understood and followed the EIA and EMP. A Trainging plan of 10 sessions which will be finalized before the commencement of the project is given below NESPAK-ABB-DMC 186

203 Training Plan Trainee Trainer Contents Schedule Selected field staff of PMO and Supervision Consultatnt All site personnel Contractor: Managerial staff, engineers, Environment, social, health and safety staff. Consultants: Managerial staff and engineers Construction crew Drivers Camp staff Specialists; Environmentalist of Supervision Consultatnt Environmentalist of Supervision Consultant Environmentalist of Supervision Consultant and Environmental Officer of Contractor Environmental Officer of Contractor Environmental Officer of Contractor Environmental and social Before aspects, particularly sensitivities of the project; Key finding of the ESIA Social and cultural values of the area; Leadership dynamics. Environmental and social aspects, particularly the sensitivities of the project; Wildlife and vegetation related sensitivities of the project; Key finding of the ESIA; Mitigation measures; Contingency plan; Community issues; Social and cultural values of the area EMMP; Waste disposal plan; HSE plan HSE plan; Road safety; Road restrictions; Vehicle restrictions; Defensive driving; Waste disposal; Social and cultural values of the area. HSE plan; Camp operation Waste disposal Natural resource construction activities Before and during construction stage Before and during construction stage Before and during the construction Before and during the construction NESPAK-ABB-DMC 187

204 Trainee Trainer Contents Schedule conservation Housekeeping Restoration team Environmentalist Waste disposal; Before the of Supervision Site restoration; start of the Consultatnt Leveling and restoration of borrow area restoration activity 7.17 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COST The cost provided in this section is based on the information available at up-dating feasibility level, which may be amended at detail design stage Environmental Monitoring Cost River water should be tested on quarterly basis at the barrage during barrage structure repair, motorization for gate operating system and bela excavation activities. Samples should be collected from upstream and downstream of the barrage during the construction phase. The samples should be tested for all the parameters of WHO drinking water standard, NEQS and FAO water quality standards. The approximate cost of monitoring of river water quality, assuming 3 years of construction phase is Rs. 1500, Dissolve Oxygen, ph and Electric Conductivity (EC) of the river water should be monitored on monthly basis during construction phase the approximate cost of the equipment are EC, TDS, DO & ph meter = Rs. 150, (Modern Technology, Lahore, HANNA Sole distributor) Groundwater should be tested at quarterly basis. Testing is also required at the start of the project before using the groundwater as a source of water supply. The samples should be collected from all the sources of groundwater use by the contractor onsite i.e. hand pumps, tubewell etc. The parameters need to be tested include WHO drinking water standard and FAO agriculture standards. The approximate cost of monitoring the groundwater over 3 years of construction phase at quarterly basis (considering one source only) is Rs. 300, Air quality should be monitored at quarterly basis and When required at work activities. The parameters for air quality monitoring include but not limited to carbon monoxide, NO x, SO x and particulate matter. The approximate cost of Ambient Air Monitoring over 3 years of construction phase is Rs. 300, Noise should be monitored 3 times on each working NESPAK-ABB-DMC 188

205 day at every noise producing activity. The approximate cost of the Noise meter is Rs. 50, The approximate total cost of the monitoring of the physical environmental parameters is Rs.2.3million. The cost includes the man months of environmentalist for analyzing of the results and report writing by an environmentalist. The required environmental monitoring is summarised below in table 7.2. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 189

206 Table 7.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan for the Construction Phase Environmental Quality Air Quality Dust Monitoring PM 10 Noise Monitoring Parameters PM 10, CO, CO 2 NO x, SO x Noise Details of Location At 40m radius of Batching Plant (determine the dominate air direction and carry out monitoring at downstream of air flow) At Borrowing area At the barrage At the Access roads Labour camp At the barrage At Barrage Pond area, approximately 5m from the working site/machinery At the borrowing site (s) Standards / Guidelines Frequency Responsibility Duration USEPA, WHO Quarterly basis Contractor USEPA, WHO Maximum allowable level is 80dB Quarterly When required 3 times over 24 hour (morning, afternoon and evening) at Active Construction site Contractor Contractor - Construction for 24 hours or one full working day Full working day NESPAK-ABB-DMC 190

207 Environmental Quality Surface Quality Water Parameters Full Suite of contaminants given in main report of ESIA (in ch. 4) DO, EC, ph and TDS Details of Location At upstream and downstream of the barrage / Work area and effluent from labour camp wastewater before discharge into the river or other water body At upstream and downstream of the Barrage / work area Standards / Guidelines NEQS & WAPDA Irrigation Standards NEQS WAPDA Irrigation Standards & Frequency Responsibility Duration Quarterly Basis Contractor - Monthly Basis Contractor - Groundwater Groundwater (Suite of Contaminants given in ESIA) All the groundwater extraction points use by the contractor WHO drinking water standard Quarterly Basis Contractor - NESPAK-ABB-DMC 191

208 Training Cost Training is considered to be an important part of environment awareness and all site management and work supervisors should undertake periodic training. The Contractor will arrange to run a proper campaign among the workers to make people aware of the causes, mode of transmission and consequences of HIV/AIDS. Contractor will arrange briefing given to all workers regarding the biological resources and wetland area. It should be cleared to the worker that unnecessary and out of bound activities / movements are strictly prohibited in the barrage pond area. All forest and fisheries laws should be explained to the workers. The approximate cost of training the site staff is Rs. 500,000. The cost includes 10 sessions of environment awareness course each cost Rs. 50, Plantation Cost Strengthening of embankments and construction of flood escape channel and fuse plug will require tree cutting of approximately 310 numbers of woody tree. 5 new trees will be planted of every one tree uprooted on site. Therefore it is proposed that the contractor or hire the services of concern department i.e. Forestry to plant minimum 1550 new plants and look after them until their maturation i.e. arrange watering and install protection grill around new plantation, if require. New plantation should be around the barrage and proposed flood by pass channel. The total estimated cost of the plantation is Rs. 300, Cost of Implementation of Emergency Plan The emergency plan will be prepared and presented in the final EIA report. The plan will be prepared to address any emergency conditions occur due to encounter unexpected flood, breach in cofferdam or accidental spill of oil or chemical. The approximate cost of dealing with unforeseen circumstances during construction phase is half a million rupees Solid Waste Management Cost The approximate daily production of domestic waste at labour camp is estimated at approximately 500kg (1/2 kg per person per day). The cost for disposal of domestic waste for 3 years of construction phase including the preparation and maintenance of the temporary storage area and burn pit on site is included in the contractor s contractual obligations. Specialize contractor should be hired to dispose of the special waste i.e. cement bags, clinical waste, electric batteries etc. The approximate cost of the disposal of special waste is Rs. 500, NESPAK-ABB-DMC 192

209 Water Supply & Wastewater Management Cost It will be one of Contractor s contractual obligations to arrange the supply of running drinking water at appropriate pressure to the site workers. The access of the drinking water should be available to every site worker. The cost of this item is included in the contractor s contractual obligations. Water sample should be collected and tested on quarterly basis to confirm its suitability for drinking purpose. The approximate cost of this item is Rs. 250, It is proposed to treat the domestic wastewater generated from the labour camp, which should be collected with provision of underground sewer system and three chambers Septic Tank connected in series. The capacity of each chamber should have minimum one day waste water discharge from the site facilities. The cost of this item is included in the contractor s contractual obligations. If collected wastewater from site setup i.e. Batching Plant, contractor s camp, effluent collected from waste storage area etc are discharge into the river then it should be tested for NEQS standard and confirmed the levels of the contaminates are within the acceptable level. The allocated cost for this testing is Rs. 250, Site Visits by Authorities & Regulators Inspections by stakeholder and concern bodies for example WWF, Wildlife, Forest or Fishery Officers etc should be facilitated in camps to facilitate a proper implementation of relevant laws. The approximate cost of this item is Rs. 500, Traffic Management Cost The Traffic Management Plan will be prepared by the contractor to manage the site traffic and public traffic during construction phase of the project to minimise the interruption in the flow of traffic. The approximate cost allocated for this item is 10 million rupees. The cost include the provision of boat bridge at down stream of the barrage during the barrage repair work Public Parks The development of existing Public Park is also included in the scope of work of this project. This will raise the aesthetic value and biodiversity of the area. The scope of work includes a development of an artificial lake, plantation of woody, fruit and flower plants, install children fun rides and Construct new canteen and restaurant area. The approximate cost of this item is 10.0 million rupees. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 193

210 Restoration Cost The area being under the use of contractor during construction phase should be restored at the completion of the project to the original level without any additional cost by the contractor. Table 7.3 Environment & Management Cost Activity Cost (millionrs) Cost ($) (1$ = 85Rs) Environment Monitoring Cost ,059 Training Cost 0.5 5,883 Plantation Cost 0.3 3,530 Emergency Plan 0.5 5,883 Waste Management Cost 0.5 5,883 Water Supply & Wastewater Management Cost 0.5 5,883 Site Visits by Regulators & Authorities 0.5 5,883 Traffic Management Cost ,647 Public Park Rehabilitation ,647 Total ,298 The above cost will be covered for the project (as part of the loan money) Contractor s Obligation The following conditions should be included in the Tender Document followed by the Contract Document as essential clauses: Clause regarding disposal of waste construction material The Contractor shall in consultation with the supervising consultant and with the approval of Supervision Consultant of the Project, select and abide by the selection, a site for disposal of waste construction material as well as the material used for construction of coffer dam. Contravention to this clause may tantamount to contravention to contract and the Contractor will be responsible of removing the material dumped on a wrong site, at his own expense as early as possible. In case of delay, the contractor will pay a fine, suggested by the supervision consultant, for his negligence. Clause regarding adjustment with unstable locations appearing during construction especially the foundation In case an unstable location appears during construction, especially the foundation, the contractor shall immediately inform the Supervision Consultant expressly providing full technical details about the problem. The Supervision Consultant will inspect the site; NESPAK-ABB-DMC 194

211 preferably the same day the report is received and will, if necessary, agree to make modifications and changes in the design to stabilize the situation such as change in the depth of foundation. Contractor will not make any changes in the specification without express approval of Supervision Consultant. Contravention to this provision will mean unauthorized construction carried out for which RE will issue dismantling orders. Clause regarding Location of Labour Camps, Material Dumps / Depots, Equipment and Machinery Yards, approach roads and routes Irrigation and Power Department land is available for location of Labour Camps, Material Depots, Equipment and Machinery Yard, link roads or other activities related to these matters and proposed sites have been shown on the environment baseline map. The Contractor will choose particular sites within the overall campus with the consultation with Supervision Consultant and PMO. If the Contractor chooses to locate his facilities on a private land, he will himself be responsible for any compensation, resettlement or rehabilitation process and costs and Supervision Consultant or Irrigation and Power Department shall not be involved in acquiring or using the land in making any payments for doing so. If the contractor selects different location for the Batching Plant, Labour Camp, borrowing area etc then the contractor will develop base line data for the new location on his own cost and resources. Clause regarding Rehabilitation of Construction and Extraction Sites The Contractor shall carry out construction work exactly on the same site and according to the same design as provided in the Tender Documents. Also the camps site, the material depot, the machinery and equipment yard, link roads, borrow areas and coffer dam shall, after the completion of construction, be restored and rehabilitated and brought to at least the same condition, in which these were handed over to the contract. A set of Plategraphs and a video tape film shall be prepared to show the pre-construction sites and post construction rehabilitated sites. Clause Regarding Drainage, Paths, Roads, Linear Fixtures Crossed/Damaged By Machinery Moving to and From the Construction Sites During the construction, if the Contractor s vehicles moving to and from the construction site(s) cause any damage or disruption of services pertaining to drainage systems, paths, roads linear fixtures e.g., transmission lines and fences, the Contractor shall get the damage repaired and services restored within the shortest possible time of the damage, failing which the Supervision Consultant will get an assessment of the damage and losses and debit that amount to Contractors account and the next payment shall be made to Contractor after deducting the debited amount. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 195

212 Clause Regarding Earthen Embankments or Concrete Work Vicinity Scouring on The Protection Bunds or on the Main Sill Structure All such spots where there is a possibility of scouring of earthen embankments or concrete work edge as mentioned in the Tender Document and quality included in this Construction Contract, the Contractor shall protect by protection walls and stone rip-rap work, failing which the payment of the Contractor shall be with-held. Clause regarding discharge spill or dumping on any building, House, graveyard, archaeological site (established or newly Found), unstable slopes, un-compacted embankment or leaking into construction area The Contractor shall be contractually bound to not to allow or cause discharge spill or dumping on any building house, graveyard, archaeological site (established or newly found), unstable slopes, un-compacted embankment or leakage of material/waste into the construction area. Any such failure shall be duly noted by Supervision Consultant during site inspections and contractor shall immediately remedy the situation failing which the payment of the contractor shall be with-held and the damage so caused shall be debited to contractor s account under the contractual provisions. Clause regarding Diesel and other fluids spilling over to River water from Construction Machinery The Contractor shall ensure that his construction machinery is always in first class working order and no spilling of Diesel or any other fluids into the River, is caused by the defective machinery of the Contractor. For any such spill the Contractor shall pay the environmental compensation to be assessed by Supervision Consultant and the said amount shall be debited towards the payment of the Contractor. Clause Regarding Protection of Construction Work From Floods The Contractor shall, throughout the construction work, manage to keep an eye on the flood position of the barrage and shall remain in touch with Flood Control Centre and remain equipped with means and equipment for taking protective measures to protect the works under construction. Irrigation and Power Department shall not be responsible for any damage caused by floods and any works washed away shall be reconstructed by the Contractor at his own cost within the tenure of the contract. Clause regarding providing proper diversion of water from downstream The Contractor shall, in consultation with Supervision Consultant provide proper diversion to water flowing downstream and by requesting the Barrage Management opening and closing the main barrage gates and by collaboration with local communities especially the Fishermen community as per SFA and preparing them for any such diversions or closures. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 196

213 Losses caused to construction work due poor or mismanaged river flow diversion shall be considered as negligence on the part of contractor any damages or losses caused due to this negligence shall be borne by the contractor. Clause regarding control on air quality by not allowing Machinery to cause dust, smoke or noise pollution The Contractor shall not cause deterioration of air quality by using old or ill maintained machinery which raise excessive dust, produce excessive smoke or cause excessive noise pollution. The Contractor shall follow strict standards of maintenance of machinery, provide qualified and trained drivers and operations for the vehicles. The Contractor shall also sprinkle water on kacha roads to be used as link roads, and sites where the earth is to be dumped. The Contractor shall provide protective masks to his work force. Failure to do so shall be taken as serious contravention of the contract and shall cause the payment to be deferred till the correction of the situation. Clause regarding control of dust or other pollutants from Stored materials, material depots or spoil heaps The Contractor shall:- (a) locate his material depots and spoil dump as far away from the villages/community Deras as possible. (b) keep all such materials covered for effective control of the fugitive dust. Failing to do the Contractor will bear the cost which may have to be incurred on arranging remedy to defaults. Clause regarding use of outdated machinery The Contractor shall obtain a certificate from Vehicle Examiner working under the Supervision Consultant but paid by the Contractor, that all the machinery employed is either new or in first class fitness condition so as not to cause smoke or oil leakages. Supervision Consultant will not allow the use of any outdated machinery. Clause to Protect the Biological Resources The Contract will ensure that:- a) Unnecessary and out of bound activities/movements are not done outside the campus allotted to him for setting-up the labour camp, material depots and machinery yard etc. b) No fire arms are carried by any of the employees or labour. c) All Forest, Wildlife and Fisheries Laws are fully respected and abided by the Contractor and his work force. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 197

214 d) The Biodiversity is respected and saved on its terrestrial, aquatic and aerial habitats. e) Necessary sign boards indicating boundaries of the barrage pond area are displayed to make labour, visitors and members of public to remind them of their obligations towards Biota. f) Inspections by Wildlife, Forest and Fisheries Officers are facilitated in camps to facilitate a proper implementation of relevant Laws. g) Communities are given awareness and are involved in proper protection of the Biota inside and around the Project site. Clause regarding respect for Socio-economic and Cultural Values and heritage The Contractor shall be bound to:- (a) Ensure that no damage or disruption is caused to the social infrastructure or public services being provided to the people e.g., education, health, electricity supply, drinking water supply facilities for public gathering or religious congregations. (b) Ensure the Contractor or his employees remain above the local Tribal tensions especially the disputes over distribution of canal water and use of aquatic life. (c) Ensure that existing ownership of land around the Project is respected. (d) Ensure that if some construction material has to be procured from or through a member of local community, it must be by a proper Social Framework Agreement signed by all the parties. e) Ensure that no damage or adverse effect is caused to archaeological sites (in case find on site) graveyards and burial places. Clause regarding Public Safety, Health and Safety at Construct Site, including measures against HIV/AID and Life insurance. The Contractor shall:- a. Put up temporary but prominent sign boards in all of the project activity area warning people against likely hazards which can be caused due to certain activities. (Also to be reflected in SFA). b. Arrange to run a proper campaign in the labour camp, to make people aware of the causes, mode of transmission and consequences of HIV/AIDS. c. Strengthen the existing Basic Health Unit (BHU) for the benefit of the labour as well as the surrounding villages. d. Ensure proper cleanliness and hygienic conditions at labour camps by ensuring a clean mess, proper drainage and suitable disposal of solid waste. Inoculation against Cholera will be arranged at intervals as recommended by Health Department. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 198

215 e. Keep all the camps, offices, material depots, machinery yards and work site open for the inspection of health and safety measures, and related documents and include in the contract document the text regarding accessibility to the camps etc. f. Provide proper overall, helmet and field boots and earplugs to work as a precaution against any mishap, and interlink various parts of the construction complex with local wireless telephones also fitted the vehicles. g. Provide a group insurance cover to the workers and labour on study on site or in the camp, against accidents, mishaps or loss of life on duty. Clause regarding employment of Locals in the construction work The Contractor as an obligation of the Contract will employ, subject to availability and work ability, maximum number of local labour for construction work. Clause regarding impact due to material and waste left behind when construction or dismantling Cofferdam(s) A careful planning of construction and dismantling is the Contractor s contractual obligation. It is his further obligation to remove all left over material and construction waste. The contractor shall ensure that turbidity / dissolved oxygen will not exceed from the acceptable levels during construction or dismantling of cofferdam(s). Contractor will consult with the environmentalist from the supervising consultant to get approval of the process of constructing / dismantling of cofferdam(s). It is also obligation of the contractor to remove at least 70% of the cofferdam construction. Furthermore, all removable sheet piles, if any, will be completely removed or at least underwater cut at river bed level after completing the construction activities. Failure to complete the task will liable the contractor to deduct total cost of the sheet pile left, as well as the cost of the construction of cofferdam left behind lesser than 70%. Disposal site(s) for the dismantled cofferdam(s) will be finalized by RE and CONCLUSION The potential impacts of the project are associated with only the construction phase of the project and all of these impacts are temporary and reversible in nature. These impacts can be mitigated through the proper implementation of the EMP. Therefore it is concluded that the project is environmentally friendly, financially viable, economically sustainable, genderally neutral and pro-poverty alleviation. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 199

216 Figure 7.1 Proposed Traffic Management Map NESPAK-ABB-DMC 200

217 CHAPTER 8: PUBLIC CONSULTATION 8.1 GENERAL Timely and broad-based stakeholder involvement is an essential element for an effective environmental assessment, as it is linked with Project Planning, appraisal and development in general. Public involvement during Environmental impact Assessment (EIA) have a tendency to improve project design environmental soundness and social acceptability. Contrary, EIAs that fail to be inclusive lean to have less influence over planning and implementation and resulted in high environmental and social cost. Considering more stakeholder involvement in EIA process resulted in improving the quality of the environmental assessment (EA). This is due to the prediction of the impacts using EIA often requires many years information and good quality base line data. Environmental Assessment that involves broad-base stakeholder consultation have greater potential to assess wider information resource-base and generation of accumulating knowledge of the local environment. 8.2 LEGAL REQUIREMENT FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION According to the IEE and EIA Review Regulations 2000, public consultation is mandatory for EIA study. It is also mandatory for the projects classified as category B project and AOI include environmental sensitive area under the ADB Environment Policy. 8.3 CONSULTATION METHODOLOGY Stakeholder Identification They are grouped into the following main categories i. Local Communities ii. Government & Local Government Bodies iii. Civil Societies iv. Private Sector Bodies The groups or institutions identified as stakeholder under each category are listed below I. Local Communities a) Local labour (landless) b) Farmers of all land holding categories c) Fishing communities d) Female-head household e) Small business owner NESPAK-ABB-DMC 201

218 II. Government There can be many departments who can be indirectly related to the project but those who have high relevance include; a) Punjab Irrigation Department (including both top and low ranked officers and staff) b) Punjab Forest Department, Wildlife, Fisheries Department c) EPA III. Civil Society Institution that may have relevance to the Project includes various NGO s working in the construction and social development IV. Private sector bodies can be commercial e.g. plantation manager, fishing contractors etc Consultation Process and Technology Public Consultation has been conducted in two phase once during the early stage, reconnaissance survey and once during the preparation of EIA. Consultation with stakeholder will also be carried out throughout the Project cycle and by different member of the team at different stages of the study. Consultation process includes focus group discussion, village meetings and semi-structured interviews and one to one meeting or interviewed in the case of government, private and civil society institutions. During the consultation process, the stakeholders was briefed about the project objectives and scope. Their fears and suggestions was recorded. Women consultations was undertaken, under Gender analysis and explained about the benefits of the project. All meetings and discussion were held during day time on working days to ensure the availability and participation of the group/individual being consultant. The consultation is sensitive to the local language and cultural needs and wherever expatriate staff is involved local interpreters will be used, as the staff observed local norms. Local community and Wildlife and Fishry department has been consulted under phase I public consultation and their point of view and information provided are included in this study. The details of the consultations are summarized in Table OBJECTIVES ACHIEVED WITH THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION 1 Eliminate the scare that the canals will remain closed outside the routine closure period during the construction period. It was clarified that due measures will be taken that canals would run as per usual program and canal closure will take place only under the notified canal closure program as follow. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 202

219 Name of Canal Status of Canal Periods when canal would close Pakpattan Canal Perennial 31-Dec to 16-Jan Fordwah Canal Non-Perennial 15 Oct to 15 April Sadiqia Canal Perennial 31-Dec to 16-Jan 2 No change would ordinarily be made in existing capacity of canals during construction phase, so no impact is anticipated on the canal command area. It was explained that project aimed at rehabilitating the Sulemanki Barrage and increase the capacity of the barrage by strengthening embankments, Barrage structure and dredging the silt within the pond area of the barrage. The local community was informed about the surface water quality and the water quality of the existing hand pump is not fit for drinking purpose without any treatment as identified in the baseline study. 3 Resettlement Plan (RP) will be prepared to facilitate the affecties and submitted to the authorities under different cover. 4 Eliminate the fears that the large number of workers and labour will be brought by the contractor from outside the project area and ensure them that an opportunity of employment generated by the project shall be availed by the people of the area. 5 It was clarified that no access roads or public paths damage or alter for the contractor(s) activities i.e. labour camp, material depot, machinery yard etc. 6 It has been ensured to the local community that maximum employment will be offered to the local labour/workers. They were given the following illustrative numbers of skilled and unskilled labour that will be required for the project. Table 8.1: Employment Opportunity at Suleimanki Barrage Rehabilitation Work Approximate Total No. Minimum Percentage of Local Skilled Worker 75 As much as possible Semi Skilled Labour Unskilled Labour 325 As much as possible 600 As much as possible i. Fishermen of the community believe that the construction activities would not put adverse effects on fishing industry as most of the Project activities schedule within half kilometer of upstream and downstream of the barrage structure which is a prohibited area for fishing. However the strengthening of the embankments work will NESPAK-ABB-DMC 203

220 ii. iii. iv. raise the noise level of the surrounding area and could effect the fishing activities next to the embankments. Question was passed by the community that presence of some 1000 male members of labour from general locality of project will not only restrict the chances of women employment, but also cause moral and social problems for the free movement of local women folk in the area. It was clarified that strict discipline would be exercised on the labour force by providing stringent clauses in the contract document. To cut out the possibility of any moral issues or Communicable diseases spread, a well organized campaign shall be run. Road and kacha paths within the project areas would expose to the heavy traffic due to Project activities. This could raise the road accident and deterioration rate of the roads. It was clarified that due sinology and traffic management plan would be put into operation to minimize the impacts. With arrival of about 1000 additional persons, the price of accommodation in project area and Sulemanki Barrage markets would go up, and price index would go unfriendly for the local villagers. It was clarified that a Labour Camp will be constructed to accommodate for workers. It was also explained to the local community by some trade oriented people that instead of rise in price those would fall because larger market activities reduce the profit margin and price. More economical activities and better employment opportunities will be available for local community due to the rehabilitation of the barrage. This will help in lowering the poverty line in the area. The following points came up in open acceptance of the project. a) Greater employment opportunity was most welcome. b) Greater economic activity will alleviate poverty. c) Sulemanki barrage will be saved and given longer base of life and thus the dependent agriculture. d) Present level of services i.e. electricity, communication, schooling, water supply etc. is likely to improve. e) Wildlife Public Parks will attract visitors and tourism in the area and put positive effects on the local economy. 8.5 CONSULTATION AND DISCUSSION DURING IMPLEMENTATION Public Hearing This public hearing paragraph is a dummy to indicate the type of text required in the report. This will be replaced by actual text when EPA Punjab holds hearing. The public hearings will provide a forum for the post submission consultation on the EIA. The Punjab EPA within 10 NESPAK-ABB-DMC 204

221 days of the submission of the EIA will publish a public notice in any English or Urdu national newspaper and in a local news paper for general circulation of the area affected by the project. The EPA will fix the date (not be earlier than 30 days from the date of publication of the public notice) and venue for the public hearing. The circulation of the EIA report, gathering of comments on the EIA and ensuring public participation during public hearing will be the responsibilities of the Punjab EPA. The public hearing will preferably be held at the town/city nearest to the project area with representative from the government agencies, academic and prominent NGOs attending. During the project implementation the consultation of the local community will occur at many forum by different members of the project. These consultations will be done during construction & operational phase of the project, for capacity building and implementing agricultural extension. These consultations will be provided the forum continuously gathering concerns of the local communities during project implementation. A Social Frame Work Agreement (SFA) will be signed through mutual open consent between the local village leaders and designated official of I&P Department. An outline of SFA is given below Epa Approval The EIA report duly reconciled with PMO has been submitted to EPA Punjab for obtaining No Objection Certificate (NOC). A cheque of Rs. 30, has been also deposited along with the report by the consultant to EPA through PMO for conducting a Public Hearing. The approval from EPA (NOC-No Objection Certificate) for the Project is mandatory requirement before its commencement. Social Framework Agreement 1. This is a Draft Social Framework Agreement between an official representing the Irrigation and Power Department (I&P Department), Government of Punjab and the villagers Committee, whose names have been inscribed below in their presence and full consent. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 205

222 Sr. No. Name (Two from each of Village Father s Name Village) Village We the committee of village leader/elders have agreed unanimously to nominate S/O as our Chairman and authorize him to enter into an SFA with I&P on our behalf. We understand and pledge that this SFA will be a binding on us and I&P throughout the currency of the construction work as well as the operational phase. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 206

223 Signatures or Thumb Impression (TI) of the Chairman and the Members of the Villagers Committee. Sr. No. 1 Name Signatures/TI By mutual consent it is agreed that I&P Department i) Shall not occupy any agriculture land or acquire any other land during the construction of the project. ii) Shall not cause any damage or reduction in the water supply in the canals during the construction period of the project, except in case of force majeure e.g. high floods, strong storms or any other act of God iii) Shall not cause any disturbance to the wildlife, wetland, archeological heritage or a place of worship iv) Shall not interfere in the social political or tribal balance of the area. v) Shall wherever possible, facilitate better services and supplies to the area e.g. schooling, health, awareness on epidemic and communicable diseases, electricity and road/rail communication. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 207

224 4. Also, by mutual consent it is agreed that all the villagers residing in the area influencing project (name of the villages listed in para 1 above), collectively and severally: i) Shall not interfere in the location of labour camps, material depots, equipment yards and all the approach roads to be used during project construction phase, all of which will be located on the lands of I&P department ii) Shall not interfere if the I&P department decides to shift the construction of works elsewhere on a more suitable site as long as the activity remains on I&P department s own land iii) Shall not receive any discharge of water slurry or oil spills to any graveyard or archaeological site iv) Shall not cause any damage to wildlife or forest resources of any wildlife reserve and no villagers will be involved in killing, poaching or illegal hunting v) Shall not allow reduction or official interference in our existing services and facilities e.g. education, health, electricity, water supply, religious and social congregations vi) Agree that in case the contractor wishes to obtain some material from the private lands or wishes to make use of any piece of land outside the I&P department land that would invoke a new agreement between the villagers and the contractor and I&P department or Govt. of the Punjab shall not be involved in that in any way vii) Agree to respect and observe the cautions on the sign boards displayed by project authorities and shall not remove or cause to be removed any signboards or installations put up by I&P or their representatives (Add more conditions if required as per the prevailing circumstances). This SFA has been signed this day of, at NESPAK-ABB-DMC 208

225 Signatures Signatures Resident Engineer (Full name and address) Chairman Villagers Committee (Name and Address) Counter signed Signature Designated Official of I&P, Punjab (full name and address) NESPAK-ABB-DMC 209

226 Table 8.2: Public Consultation Sr. No Meeting Place Date No. of Participants Main Concern Replies The benefits from the project to the local community Arriving of possibly 1000 labour from other part of the country may Protection from flood, Leakage of water through the gates will be minimize and so there will be more water in canals adversely impact the social life and Job opportunities to the local 1 At the Barrage (in the restaurant 11/7/09 10 the local women movement in the community area area) It was clarified that strict discipline would be exercised on the labour force to restrict the possibility of any moral issues or spread of communicable diseases. 2 Local Fishing Department office 11/7/09 8 Wildlife habitat adversely impacted due to the construction activities and illegally fishing by the outside labour It has been ensured to the local community that maximum employment will be offered to the local community All fishing, wildlife and forest laws are fully respected and abide by the contractor and his work force NESPAK-ABB-DMC 210

227 3 Wildlife Department Office Suleimanki Barrage at 11/7/09 6 Wildlife habitat adversely impacted due to the construction activities It was explained that all the wildlife, forestry & fishry laws will be implemented on site to avoid adversely affecting the wildlife and flora of the area Extra burden on existing services It was explained that due sinology e.g. health facility, education, and traffic management plan would electricity etc be put into operation to minimise Worries were expressed by the local the disruption of traffic. Regular community regarding the extended spraying of water would be canal closure during construction undertaken to minimize the dust phase. pollution. 4 Chak Abdalka Union Council Jhindhka 16/11/09 10 Project s heavy traffic may damage the roads and kacha paths of the area It was clarified that due measures will be taken that canal will run as per usual programme with no effect on the discharge volume and will Possible impact of water logging close only during routine annual due to alteration in water level in closure result of project activities It was explained that there will be no change in pond water level, therefore inundation or water NESPAK-ABB-DMC 211

228 logging will not be the issue due to implementation of the project The spillway channel area fall in The idea of developing the length public park and wetland of the spillway fall in wildlife public park area as a lake was appreciated very much and agreed that this will enhance the bio- Head Office diversity of the area by the Wildlife 5 Wildlife Departmen at 19/02/10 4 Department. Lahore It was ensured that the wildlife, Forestry & fishery rules & laws will be implemented during design and construction phase of the project to minimize the adverse impacts on the ecology of the area. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 212

229 Appendices NESPAK-ABB-DMC

230 APPENDIX-2.1 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS NESPAK-ABB-DMC

231 Appendix 2.1 National Environemntal Quality Standards Determinant Limit Temperature ph BOD Chemcial Oxygen Demand (COD) Total Suspended Solid (TSS) Total Dissolved solids Grease and Oil An-ionic detergents (as MBAS) Ammonia Chlorine Chloride Sulphate Manganese (Mn) Chromium (Cr) Copper (Cu) Lead (Pb) Mercury (Hg) Selenium (Se) Nickel (Ni) Silver (Ag) Zinc (Zn) Barium (Ba) Iron (Fe) Chlorine Phenol Compounds Cyanide (Cn) Cadmium (Cd) Arsenic (As) Total Toxic Metal Boron 40 deg Centigrade 6 and <10 ph 80 mg/l 150 mg/l 200 mg/l 3500 mg/l 10 mg/l 20 mg/l 40 mg/l 1.00 mg/l 1000 mg/l 600 mg/l 1.50 mg/l 1.00 mg/l 1.00 mg/l 0.50 mg/l 0.01 mg/l 0.50 mg/l 1.00 mg/l 1.00 mg/l 5.00 mg/l 1.50 mg/l 8.00 mg/l 1.00 mg/l 0.1mg/l 1.0mg/l 0.1mg/l 1.0mg/l 2.0mg/l 6.00mg/l NESPAK-ABB-DMC 213

232 APPENDIX-3.1 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE NESPAK-ABB-DMC

233 Appendix 3.1 Construction Schedule NESPAK-ABB-DMC 214

234 APPENDIX-4.1 SAMPLING PROCEDURE AND TEST RESULTS NESPAK-ABB-DMC

235 Monitoring Report Environmental Assessment at Sulemanki Barrage Our Ref.: Env-Lhr-435/09 Monitoring Date: November 10 to November 11, 2009 For Environmental Services SGS Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd. NESPAK-ABB-DMC

236 List of Contents 1. Introduction 1.1. Sampling Location 1.2. Study Objectives 1.3. Scope of Services Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Noise Level Monitoring Water Sampling Analysis Parameters: 1.4. Work Plan 2. Methodology 2.1. Ambient Air Quality Sampling and Analysis of Particulate Matter 2.2. Meteorological Conditions 2.3. Noise Level Monitoring 2.4. Sampling of Ground and Surface Water Sample Preservation Sample Identification and Chain of Custody Analysis Methods 3. Results and Discussion NESPAK-ABB-DMC 215

237 List of Tables: Table 1: Ground Water Table 2: Surface Water Table 3: Work Plan Table 4: Methodology of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Table 5: Summary of Special Handling Requirements for Ground / Surface Water Samples Table 6: Methods Used for Analysis Table 7: Average Obtained Concentrations of Priority Pollutants NESPAK-ABB-DMC 216

238 List of Figures: Figure 1: Project Location Figure 2: Sampling Location Figure 3: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Figure 4: Noise Level Monitoring at Irrigation Figure 5: Noise Level Monitoring at Sulamanki Barrage Figure 6: Ground Water Sampling from Haveli Lakha Figure 7: Surface Water Sampling from Right Under Sluice NESPAK-ABB-DMC 217

239 List of Annexes: Annexure I Annexure II Annexure III Annexure IV Annexure V Annexure VI Meteorological Data Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data Noise Level Monitoring Data Ground Water Analysis Report Surface Water Analsyis Report Standards NESPAK-ABB-DMC 218

240 1. Introduction National Engineering Services Pakistan (Pvt) Limited (NESPAK) is one of the leading engineering consultancies of the Pakistan. NESPAK is conducting project for rehabilitation and up gradation of Sulemanki barrage funded by Asian Development Bank. Services of SGS Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd were engaged to develop baseline of the project site and surroundings. This report is prepared on the basis of field survey carried out from November 10 to 11, 2009 for ambient air quality, weather conditions, noise level monitoring, ground and surface water sampling from advised locations Sampling Location The project location for Sulemanki barrage rehabilitation and up gradation is given as Figure 1. The site selected for ambient air quality and noise level monitoring was at Sulemanki Barrage. The monitoring was carried out at the selected sites for the duration of 24 hrs. Water samples were collected from advised sampling locations in order to determine the water quality of the area. Three surface water samples were collected from right under sluice, left under sluice and BS link fall into the Sutlj River respectively. Ground water sample was collected from the village located in the vicinity of the project site. The photographs of the sampling is given in Figure 6 and 7. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 219

241 Figure:1 Project Location NESPAK-ABB-DMC 220

242 Figure:2 Sampling Location NESPAK-ABB-DMC 221

243 1.2. Study Objectives The main objective of the study was to monitor ambient air quality, recording sound level and analyze the ground and surface water samples to examine the environmental conditions and water quality of the project site and its surroundings. The obtained data is compared with standards attached as Annexure- VI of the report Scope of Services Scope of services covered following main components: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Weather Conditions Noise Level Monitoring Ground Water Sampling and Analysis Surface Water Sampling and Analysis Ambient Air Quality Monitoring In accordance to USEPA National Ambient Air Quality standards the following priority pollutants would be monitored in the ambient air of the study area: Carbon Monoxide (CO) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Particulate Matter (PM10) In addition to above mentioned parameters, the weather conditions were also monitored in order to interpret ambient air quality. For the purpose following parameters would be monitored: Ambient Temperature Relative Humidity Barometric Pressure Wind Direction Wind Velocity NESPAK-ABB-DMC 222

244 Noise Level Monitoring Noise level using portable digital sound meter was monitored at following advised sites: At Barrage Irrigation Colony Water Sampling Water samples were collected from advised sampling points and were submitted to SGS chemical and microbiological labs for analysis according to parameters as per contract Analysis Parameters: The collected water samples were analyzed for following list of parameters according to US EPA and APHA approved methods. Table 1: Ground Water Test Type Physical Chemical Biological Parameter Odor Color Taste Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Ca Hardness Mg Hardness Nitrate Electrical Conductivity (EC) Chloride (Cl) Sulphate Turbidity Fluoride Nickel Manganese Zinc Copper Chromium Mercury Lead Silver Selenium Barium Magnesium Iron Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) Total Colonial Count Total Coliforms Fecal E. Coli Fecal Enterococci NESPAK-ABB-DMC 223

245 Table 2: Surface Water Test Type Physical Chemical Biological Parameter Odor Color Taste Electrical Conductivity (EC) Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Nitrate Grease & Oil Chloride (Cl) Sulphate Turbidity Fluoride Magnesium Iron Nickel Manganese Zinc Copper Chromium Mercury Lead Silver Selenium Barium BODs COD Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) Total Colonial Count Total Coliforms Fecal E. Coli Fecal Enterococci NESPAK-ABB-DMC 224

246 1.4. Work Plan In order to cover the above scope of work, following schedule was planned and followed: Table 3: Work Plan Sr.# Intervention Date Activity Sulemanki Barrage Irrigation Colony Monitoring Haveli Lakha and Sampling Location Right Under Sluice Left Under Sluice Just After the BS Link Fall into Sutlj River 1 Nov.10 to Nov.11, Nov.10 to Nov.11, Nov.10 to Nov.11,2009 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Weather Conditions Noise Level Monitoring Environmental Assessment at Sulemanki Barrage 4 Nov.11,2009 Ground Water Sampling 5 Nov.11,2009 Surface Water NESPAK-ABB-DMC 225

247 2. Methodology Following is the brief description of methodology adapted for this environmental assessment: 2.1. Ambient Air Quality Ambient air quality was monitored with the help of Mobile Air Quality Station equipped with the state of the art ambient air analyzers. Figure 3: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring at Suleimanki Barrage Selection of sampling points was made considering the wind direction at the advised sampling sites. The methodology adopted for ambient air quality monitoring is as follows: NESPAK-ABB-DMC 226

248 Air Pollutant Carbon Monoxide (CO) Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Table 4: Methodology of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Monitoring Technique Gas Filter Correlation CO Analyzer Pulsed Fluorescent Analyzer Chemiluminescent Analyzer Method USEPA Designated Method RFCA USEPA Designated Method EQSA USEPA Designated Method RFNA Measurement Range Lowest Detection Limit ppm 0 50 ppb ppm 0 50 ppb ppm 1 ppb 1 ppb Particulate Matter (PM1 0) High Volume Sampler 40 CFR 50, App. B (US-EPA) g/m 3 2 g/m Sampling and Analysis of Particulate Matter Particulate matter concentration in terms of PM10 was monitored in the ambient air with the help of high Volume PM10 Sampler. Reference method used for PM10 determination in ambient air is 40 CFR 50, Appendix J (USEPA). Air sample for detection of PM10 concentration was drawn on fiberglass filter paper and then the collected sample was preserved in protective holder which was transported to SGS lab for further analysis under standard environmental conditions Meteorological Conditions In addition to the advised parameters for ambient air quality, weather conditions were also monitored continuously for 24 hours with the help of mobile weather station. Selection of sampling points was made considering the wind direction at the advised sampling site. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 227

249 2.3. Noise Level Monitoring Noise level was monitored at the advised sampling points for 24 hours with interval of 1 second and hourly average data is reported. The sound level was monitored with the help of potable Digital sound meter (RION, Model NL 31, IEC60051 TYPE 1 IE60804 TYPE 1 JIS C 1505). Figure4: Noise Level Monitoring at Irrigation Colony Figure5:Noise Level Monitoring at Sulemanki Barrage Noise level measurement was performed according to standard operating procedures Sampling of Ground and Surface Water One ground and three surface water samples were collected from advised sampling points in the surroundings of the project site. Water samples were collected according to the SOP based on the recognized methods of United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and American Public Health Administration (APHA) for water sampling and analysis. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 228

250 Sample Preservation The collected water samples were preserved in appropriate containers as per APHA guidelines. A shipping container (Ice box with eutectic cold packs instead of ice) with maintained temperature of 4 C ±5 C was used for transporting the samples from the collection site to the analytical laboratory. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 229

251 Table 5: Summary of Special Handling Requirements for Ground / Surface Water Samples Determination Container Minimum Sample Preservation Maximum Storage Recommended / Size (ml) Regulatory BOD5 P, G oc 06 HRS / 48 DAYS COD P, G oc ANALYZE ASAP OR ADD H2SO4 TO ph <2 07 DAYS / 28 DAYS CHLORINE, Residual P, G 500 ANALYZE IMMEDIATELY 0.5 HR / 02 HRS COLOR P, G 500 REFRIGERATE 48 HRS / 48 HRS CONDUCTIVITY P, G 500 REFRIGERATE 28 DAYS / 28 DAYS FLUORIDE P 300 NONE REQUIRED 28 DAYS / 28 DAYS GREASE & OIL G, wide mouth calibrated 1000 ADD H2SO4 TO ph < 2, REFRIGERATE 28 DAYS / 28 DAYS HARDNESS P, G 100 ADD HNO3 TO ph < 2 06 MON / 06 MON METALS, General P (A), G (A) - FOR DISSOLVED METALS FILTER IMMEDIATELY 06 MON / 06 MON Mercury P (A), G (A) 500 ADD HNO3 TO ph < 2.4 C 28 DAYS / 28 DAYS Nitrogen Ammonia P, G 500 ANALYZE ASAP OR ADD H2SO4 TO ph < 2, REFRIGERATE 07 DAYS / 28 DAYS ANALYZE ASAP OR Nitrate P, G 100 REFRIGERATE, OR FREEZE AT 20 C 48 HRS / 48 HRS Nitrate + Nitrite P, G 200 Nitrite P, G 100 ADD H2SO4 TO ph < 2, REFRIGERATE ANALYZE ASAP OR REFRIGERATE, OR FREEZE AT 20 C NONE / 28 DAYS NONE / 48 HRS NESPAK-ABB-DMC 230

252 Minimum Maximum Storage Determination Container Sample Preservation Recommended / Size (ml) Regulatory Odor G 500 ANALYZE ASAP, REFRIGERATE 06 HRS ph P, G - ANALYZE IMMEDIATELY 02 HRS / 02 HRS Solids P, G - REFRIGERATE 07 DAYS / DAYS Sulfate P, G - REFRIGERATE 28 DAYS / 28 DAYS Sulfide P, G 100 REFRIGERATE, ADD 4 DROPS 2N ZINC ACETATE 28 DAYS / 28 DAYS Temperature P, G - ANALYZE IMMEDIATELY - / - Turbidity P, G - ANALYZE SAME DAY, STORE IN DARK UP TO 24 HRS 48 HRS / 48 HRS P : Plastic Container G : Glass Bottle Sample Identification and Chain of Custody The collected water samples were labeled and assigned a unique sample identification number, sampling date and time of collection to collected samples. All the relevant information (sampling location, time of collection, sample identification, temperature, ph, collected by, preservation techniques etc) was recorded immediately on the Chain of Custody form signed by SGS field Analyst. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 231

253 2.4.3 Analysis Methods The collected ground and surface water samples were analyzed according to following methods: Table 6: Methods Used for Analysis Sr.# Parameter Method / Technique Reference Method 1 Temperature Thermometer - 2 ph ph meter with 2 point calibration USEPA, APHA 3 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Wet chemistry APHA 4 Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) Wet chemistry / Incubation ASTM 5 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Wet chemistry/air oven ASTM 6 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Wet chemistry/digital determinator USEPA, APHA 7 Grease & Oil Solvent extraction ASTM 8 Phenolic Compounds (as phenol) Colourimetry USEPA, APHA 9 Chloride Wet chemistry USEPA, APHA 10 Fluoride Ion selective/colourimetry USEPA, APHA 11 Cyanide Ion selective / colourimetry USEPA, APHA 12 Anionic detergents Colourimetry USEPA, APHA 13 Sulphate Wet chemistry APHA 14 Sulphide Wet chemistry ASTM 15 Ammonia Wet chemistry / Ion Selective ASTM 16 Cadmium AAS USEPA, APHA 17 Chromium AAS USEPA, APHA 18 Copper AAS USEPA, APHA 19 Lead AAS USEPA, APHA 20 Mercury AAS USEPA, APHA 21 Nickel AAS USEPA, APHA 22 Silver AAS USEPA, APHA 23 Zinc AAS APHA 24 Arsenic AAS (Hydride generation) ASTM 25 Iron AAS ASTM 26 Manganese AAS USEPA, APHA 27 Nitrates Ion Selective USEPA, APHA 28 Turbidity Spectrophotometer USEPA, APHA 29 Dissolved Oxygen Titrimitery USEPA, APHA 30 Chlorine Wet chemistry APHA APHA= American Public Health Association ASTM=American Society for Testing and Materials USEPA=United State Environmental Protection Agency NESPAK-ABB-DMC 232

254 3. Results and Discussion Monitoring of ambient air quality, weather, noise level and water quality was carried out at advised sampling points. The monitoring results are given in Annexure I to V. The results of ambient air quality monitored for 24 hrs are given in Annexure II of the report. USEPA (United State Environmental Protection Agency) and Draft National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) of Pak EPA for ambient air quality were used for comparison. The copy of USEPA and Pak-EPA ambient air quality standards is attached as Annexure VI of the report. The average concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) for 8 hrs according to the USEPA standard should not exceed from 9ppm while for Pak EPA 5 mg/m 3. The levels obtained at monitoring site for 24 hrs averages were 3.19 ppm and 3.98 mg/m 3 which lie well within the limits specified in both the standards for CO. Similarly average concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide was found at 8.48 ppb (29.18 µg/m 3 ) and 5.15ppb (14.72 µg/m 3 ) respectively which are well within the limits defined in USEPA and Pak-EPA standards. The 24 hrs average particulate matter PM10 was found to be µg/m 3 against standards value of 150 µg/m 3 for USEPA and 250 µg/m 3 for Pak-EPA standard. Table 7: Average Obtained Concentrations of Priority Pollutants Average Average Parameter Unit Obtained Unit Obtained Duration Concentration Concentration Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2 ) ppb 8.48 µg/m Hours Sulfur Dioxide (SO2 ) ppb 5.15 µg/m Hours Carbon Monoxide (CO) ppm 3.19 mg/m Hours Particulate Matter (PM1 0) µg/m µg/m Hours Noise level monitoring was conducted at sulamanki barrage and irrigation colony. Results were attached as Annexure III of the report. The noise level was found in range of db (Le q.). NESPAK-ABB-DMC 233

255 One ground water and three surface water samples were collected from advised sampling points. The water samples were analyzed for chemical and microbiological parameters. The WHO drinking water guidelines are given in Annexure VI of the report. Microbiological analysis results of both ground and surface water samples show rich microbial contamination which makes them unfit for human consumption. The results of ground water analysis were attached as Annexure-IV while that of surface water are attached Annexure V. All the parameters of ground water sample lie within the limits specified in WHO guidelines except turbidity, lead and iron content which shows higher concentrations than the values defined in WHO limits for drinking water. However, it is anticipated that the concentration of turbidity and iron are high due to assimilation of soil in ground water. Surface water samples were analyzed according to NEQS parameters. All the parameters lie within the limits specified in NEQS for surface water. Results were attached as Annexure-V of the report. NESPAK-ABB-DMC 234

256 Annexure I Meteorological Data NESPAK-ABB-DMC

257 Meteorological Data Client : NESPAK (Pvt) Ltd. Sampling Point : Sulemanki Barrage Date of Intervention : November 10 11, 2009 Time Temp Wind Speed Hum Wind Dir OC m/s % Pressure 13:00 26 E :00 25 SW :00 23 N :00 23 NW :00 19 S :00 17 SW :00 15 SW :00 14 SW :00 14 SW :00 14 SW :00 13 SW :00 13 SW :00 13 SW :00 13 SW :00 11 SW :00 10 SW :00 9 SW :00 9 SW :00 8 E :00 12 SE :00 16 SE :00 22 SW :00 23 SW :00 25 SW NESPAK-ABB-DMC 235

258 Annexure II Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data NESPAK-ABB-DMC

259 Ambient Air Quality Client : NESPAK (Pvt) Ltd. Sampling Point : Sulemanki Barrage Date of Intervention : November , 2009 S r. # T ime CO (ppm) NO (ppb) NO2 (ppb) NOX (ppb) SO2 (ppb) 1 13: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : NESPAK-ABB-DMC 236

260 Ambient Air Quality Client : NESPAK (Pvt) Ltd. Sampling Point : Sulemanki Barrage Date of Intervention : November 10 27, 2009 Parameter Unit Duration LDL Average Obtained Concentration Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) ppb 24Hours Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) ppb 24 Hours Carbon Monoxide (CO) ppm 24 Hours Particulate Matter (PM10) µg/m 3 24 Hours µg/m 3 : micrograms per cubic meter ppm: ppb: LDL: parts per million parts Per billion Lowest Detection Limit NESPAK-ABB-DMC 237

261 Ambient Air Quality Client : NESPAK (Pvt) Ltd. Sampling Point : Sulemanki Barrage Date of Intervention : November 10 28, 2009 Sr. # Time CO (mg/m 3 ) NO (µg/m 3 ) NO2 (µg/m 3 ) NOx (µg/m 3 ) SO2 (µg/m 3 ) 1 13: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : NESPAK-ABB-DMC 238

262 Ambient Air Quality Client : NESPAK (Pvt) Ltd. Sampling Point : Sulemanki Barrage Date of Intervention : November 10 29, 2009 Parameter Unit Duration Average Concentration Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) µg/m 3 24 Hours Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) µg/m 3 24 Hours Carbon Monoxide (CO) mg/m 3 24 Hours 3.98 PM 10 µg/m 3 24 Hours µg/m 3 : micrograms per cubic meter mg/m 3 : milligrams per cubic meter LDL: Lowest Detection Limit NESPAK-ABB-DMC 239

263 Annexure III Noise Level Monitoring Data NESPAK-ABB-DMC

264 Noise Level Monitoring Client : NESPAK (Pvt) Ltd. Sampling Point : Sulemanki Barrage Date of Intervention : November 10 11, 2009 Sr. # Time Leq(dB) Lmax(dB) Lmin(dB) 1 13: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : NESPAK-ABB-DMC 240

265 Noise Level Monitoring Client : NESPAK (Pvt) Ltd. Graph 1: - Variation of Noise with Time NESPAK-ABB-DMC 241