NATIONAL POWER TRANSMISSION CORPORATION REPORT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (FINAL)

Transcription

1 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized NATIONAL POWER TRANSMISSION CORPORATION SOUTHERN VIETNAM POWER PROJECT MANAGEMENT BOARD REPORT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (FINAL) REHABILITATION and UPGRADING PHU LAM CAI LAY 2 220KV TRANSMISSION LINE Ho Chi Minh city, March 2014

2 NATIONAL POWER TRANSMISSION CORPORATION SOUTHERN VIETNAM POWER PROJECT MANAGEMENT BOARD REPORT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (FINAL) REHABILITATION and UPGRADING PHU LAM CAI LAY 2 220KV TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT OWNER SOUTHERN POWER PROJECT MANAGEMENT BOARD DIRECTOR CONSULTANT POWER ENGINEERING & CONSULTING J.S.C No.2 GENERAL DIRECTOR Ho Chi Minh city, March 2014

3 LIST OF CONTENTS ABBREAVIATION... IV LIST OF TABLE... V OVERVIEW PROJECT S ORIGIN LEGAL AND TECHNICAL BASIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Legal basis for EIA Legal basis of the Project National Technical Regulations applied Document and data used for EIA APPROACHES APPLIED DURING EIA IMPLEMENTATION Approaches used for EIA Other approaches ORGANIZATIONS APPLY EIA... 8 CHAPTER PROJECT DESCRIPTION PROJECT S NAME PROJECT OWNER PROJECT LOCATION STATUS OF POWER GRID IN THE PROJECT S AREA Project s purpose Scope and scale of the Project Description of Measures, Volume of Construction Works of The Project Electrical engineering mesures Measures to protect transmission line Tower Technology Requirements Solution of foundation design Organization of construction activities Production and Operation Technologies List of equiment and machineries Materials (input) and type of product (output) of the project The Project s planned schedule Project s investment cost Management and Operation Organizations CHAPTER PHYSICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Topography Geology Climate Meteorological Conditions Air temperature Rainfall Hours of sunlight Hydrologic Conditions Present Physical Environmental Qualities Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page i

4 AMBIENT AIR AND NOISE QUALITY SURFACE WATER QUALITY Existing Biological Resource TERRESTRIAL BIOTA ALONG THE ROUTE AQUATIC BIOTA ALONG THE ROUTE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS Common economic condition in project area HO CHI MINH CITY LONG AN PROVINCE TIEN GIANG PROVINCE Social conditions HO CHI MINH CITY LONG AN PROVINCE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF PROJECT AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS CHAPTER ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT Impact Assessment in Preparation Phase Impact Assessment in Construction Phase Impact Assessment in Operation Phase TABLE 3.21: ELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITY AND WORKING HOURS ALLOWED IN 1 DAY (24HOURS) Impacts of Risks and Incidents Overall impact assessment COMMENTS ON GRANULARITY AND REALIBILITY OF ASSESSMENTS CHAPTER MEASURES FOR MITIGATING NEGATIVE IMPACTS AND PREVENTING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS MEASUREMENTS FOR PREVENTION AND MITIGATION PROJECT S NEGATIVE IMPACT The Preparation Phase The construction phase Methods to organize and execute the project construction Minimizing the air pollution Minimizing negative impacts on water environment Methods of management, collection and treatment of SW, HW Minimizing negative impacts on land and groundwater Minimizing eboulement and soil erosion Minimizing the impacts on traffic in the surrounding area Plan to de-energize for construction Minimizing impacts of stringing conductor Minimizing impacts of worker concentration The other methods to minimize the impacts on social economics The Operation Phase Methods to protect safety of power grid Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page ii

5 4.2. MEASUREMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, PREVENTION AND RESPONSE TO RISKS, INCIDENTS The Preparation Phase The Construction Phase The Operation Phase MINIMIZING RISKS OF ELECTRIC SHOCK CHAPTER ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT PLAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM Legal basis Implementation Organizations Environmental Management Plan The equipments and technologies used in environment management and monitoring program Disclosure of project information ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN Monitoring in construction phase Monitoring in Operational Phase CHAPTER PUBLIC CONSULTATION OPINIONS OF PEOPLE S COMMITTEE FEEDBAKCS OF THE PROJECT OWNER CONCLUSION, PROPOSALS AND COMMITMENT CONCLUSION PROPOSALS COMMITMENT REFERENCE Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page iii

6 BOD COD DO EIA FFC HW ABBREAVIATION : Biochemical Oxygen Demand : Chemical Oxygen Demand : Dissolved Oxygen : Environmental Impact Assessment : Fatherland Front Committee : Hazardous waste LEAIII-SRHC : Laboratory for Environmental Analysis region III Southern Regional Hydrometeorological Center PECC2 : Power Engineering Consultant Company 2 PC QCVN ROW SPPMB SW TEP TL VESDEC WB WHO : People s Committee : National Technical Regulation : Right of way : Southern Power Project Management Board : Solid waste : Transmission Efficiency Project : Transmission line : Environmental Protection Center - Vietnam s Environmental Science and Development Institute : World Bank : World Health Organization Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page iv

7 LIST OF TABLE Table 1.1: Forecast of load demand in Ho Chi Minh City Table 1.2: Forecast of load demand in Long An Province Table 1.3 : Forecast of load demand in Tien Giang Province Table 1.4: Topography to erect tower Table 1.5: Towers used in the Project Table 1.6: Size and quantity of foundations used in the Project Table 1.7: Area of construction warehouse Table 1.8: The amount of domestic sewage in the construction phase Table 1.9: Source of equipment and materials Table 1.11: Expectation of main vehicles and machineries Table 1.12: Volume of main construction and erection Figure 1.3: Stringing conductor passing roads Table 1.13: List of equiment and machineries Table Construction schedule of the subproject Table 1.15: Project s investment cost Table 1.16: Cost for environment activities Table 1.17: Machinery and equipment used in the operation, management and repair of the TL Table 1.18: Vehicles and digital communication equipments for the operation, management and repair of the TL Table 1.19: Safety equipments used for operation, management and repair Table 1.20: Spare materials used for operation, management and repair Table 1.21: Demand on fuel Table 2.2: Statistic of extreme weather from 1962 to Table 2.3: Average air temperature in three recent years in Ho Chi Minh City (Tan Hoa Son weather station) Table 2.4: Average air temperature in three recent years in Long An Province (Tan An weather station) Table 2.5: Average tempurature in three recent years in Tien Giang province Table 2.6: Rainfall in Ho Chi Minh city (Tan Son Hoa weather station) Table 2.7: Rainfall in Long An province (Tan An weather substation) Table 2.8: Rainfall in Tien Giang Province Table 2.9: Hours of sunlight in Ho Chi Minh city (Tan Son Hoa weather station) Table 2.10: Hours of sunlight in Long An province (Tan An weather station) Table 2.11: Hours of sunlight in Tien Giang province Table 2.12: Air humidity in Ho Chi Minh city (Tan Son Hoa weather station) Table 2.13: Air humidity in Long An province (Tan An weather substation) Table 2.14: Air humidity in Tien Giang province Table 2.15: Ambient air, microclimate and noise sampling positions Table 2.16: Monitoring results of microclimate and ambient air quality Table 2.17: Monitoring result of noise Table 2.18: Surface water sampling positions Table 2.19: Kết quả phân tích chât lượng nguồn nước mặt tại khu vực dự án Table 2.20: Underground water sampling positions Table 2.21: Monitoring result of underground water environment Table 2.22: Species structural component of phytoplankton Table 2.23: Species structural component of zooplankton Table 2.24: Species structural component of large-size invertebrate in the bottom Table 2.25: Current status of land use in Long An province Table 2.26: Grain crop Table 2.27: Area and production of some cultivated plant of Long An Province Table 2.28: Area and production of some annual industrial plant Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page v

8 Table 2.29: Quantities of cattle and poultry of Long An province in Table 2.30: Area and production of some crops of Ben Luc district in Table 2.31: Area and production of some crops of Thu Thua pistrict in Table 2.32: Area and production of some crops of Tan An city in Table 2.33: Current status of land use in Tien Giang province Table 3.1: Total area of permanent affected land Table 3.2: Total area affected land within the ROW Table 3.3: Affected houses/ structures within the ROW Table 3.4: Quantities of cutting down crops and trees Table 3.5: Potential impacts during construction phase Table 3.6: The amount of diffuse dust at each foundation position Table 3.7: Dust load generates on transit roads Table 3.8: Diesel s exhaust gas generation coefficient Table 3.9: Pollutants load from means of construction Table 3.10: Emission of construction machines and equipments Table 3.11: Pollutants load in sewage water (unprocessed) Table 3.12: Sewage water generating in Project s construction phase Table 3.13: Concentration of pollutants in domestic wastewater in construction phase Table 3.14: Capacity of construction waste water Table 3.15: Domestic waste generated in Project s construction phase Table 3.16: Quantity of debris generates from dismalting existing foundations Table 3.17: Noise levels of construction equipments Table 3.18: Noise level of machineries and equipment depend on distance to source (dba) Table 3.19: Objects and scale of impacts in the construction phase Table 3.20: Sources of environmental impacts in operational phase Table 3.21: Electric field intensity and Working hours allowed in 1 day (24hours) Table 3.22: Objects and scale of impacts in operation phase Table 3.23: Overall Project s environmental and socio-economic impacts Table 3.24: The reability of assessment methods Table 4.1: Implementation of compensention plan Table 5.1: Implementation Arrangement Table 5.2: Environmental Management Plan of the project Table 5.3: Estimated cost of monitoring environmental quality in construction phase Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page vi

9 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: The Project s tower models: Suspension (left) and tension (right) Figure 1.2: Stringing conductor crossing rivers Figure 1.4: Stringing conductor passing high voltage of information TL Figure 2.1: Photos of ROW Figure 2.1: The lowest position of the sagging wire, concrete tower has to be inserted to raise it up Figure 1.2: Location of natural reserves in the subproject area Figure 3.1: Diagram of dust concentration along wind axis at foundation MB8-24x Figure 3.2: Diagram of dust concentration along wind axis at each construction site Figure 3.3: Diagram of EMF distribution under 220kV TL (double circuit, positive phase) Figure 3.4: Diagram of EMF distribution under 220kV TL (double circuit, reverse phase) Figure 3.5: Diagram of EMF distribution under mixed three circuit of 500kV and 220kV TL Figure 3.6: Diagram of EMF distribution under intersection of 220kV and 110kV TL Figure 4.1: Mobile toilet and composite septic tank Figure 4.2: Figure of sewage treatment of construction Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page vii

10 0.1. PROJECT S ORIGIN OVERVIEW The Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV transmission line was built in 1977 (that time, it was one part of Thu Duc - Can Tho 220kV transmission line designed by CGEE ALSTHOM - France). This transmission line was commissioned at 220kV level in This TL goes parallel with Phu Lam - Cai Lay 1 220kV TL which was designed by Power Engineering and Investigation company No.2 in 1994 and built in These transmission lines are single circuit with total length of 71km passing Ho Chi Minh City, Long An and Tien Giang provinces which play an important role in supplying power to the Mekong Delta provinces through Cai Lay 220/110kV substation. Through more than 23 years of operation, conductor deflection has increased greatly in comparison with the original status. On the other hand, Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV transmission line was designed according to the old standards and technical regulations (1977) which are no longer consistent with the current regulations (2011) resulting in a lot of difficulties for the operation management and grid safety. Along with the development of power transmission grid in the region in period, the rehabilitation and upgrading of Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV TL is really necessary because the rehabilitation of this TL can: (i) ensure the immediate safety in operation management; (ii) become one of the main TLs to transmit load from the Southwest Thermal Centres to the National electricity system; (iii) ensure stability and safety of power grid; (iv) enhance the power grid system in the Southwest and Southeast regions in accordance with the National Power Development Plan in period, up to According to Paragraph 1, Article 12 and Point a, Clause 2, Article 18 of Decree No. 29/2011/ND-CP dated 18/04/2011 of the Government on environmental impact assessment strategies, environmental assessment impact, environmental commitment, the Project "Rehabilitation and upgrading of Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV TL " s environmental impact assessment must be prepared and submitted to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment for approval. The Project "Rehabilitation and upgrading of Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV TL " is a new investment project constructed on the existing ROW of the existing Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV TL. The Project is approved by National Power Transmission Corporation. In addtion, the proposed sub-project belongs to component 1 of the Transmission Efficiency Project (TEP) with the donor of the World Bank (WB). Therefore, besides applying environmental policy of the Government of Vietnam, Operational Policy of the WB on Environment Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) and Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) are applied. Thus, the sub-project has been screened on environment and society in accordance with criteria in OP 4.01 and is graded B on environment LEGAL AND TECHNICAL BASIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Legal basis for EIA - Law on Water Resource, 1998; - Law on Fire Preventing and Fighting, 2001; - Law on Land, 2003; Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 1

11 - Law on Electricity, 2004; - Law on Forest Protection and Development, 2004; - Law on Environment Protection, 2005; - Law on Biodiversity, 2008; - Law on Cultural Heritage, 2009; - Law on Water Resource, 2012; - Decree of Government No.149/2004/ND-CP of July 27, 2004 on the issuance of permits for water resource exploration, exploitation and use, or for discharge of sewage into water source; - Decree No.181/2004/NĐ-CP dated 26/11/2004 of the Government on implementation of Land Law; - Decree No.197/2004/ND-CP of December 3, 2004 on compensation, support and resettlement when land is recovered by The State; - Decree No.188/2004/ND-CP dated November 16, 2004 of the Government on methods of determining land prices and assorted-land price brackets; - Decree No.106/2005/NĐ-CP dated 7/8/2005 providing directions and guidances for implementation of some articles of Electricity Law on safety protection of HV power; - Decree No.17/2006/ND-CP amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Decrees guiding the implementation of the Land Law ; - Decree No.84/2007/ND-CP of May 25, 2007 with additional provisions on issuance of land use right certificates; on land recovery; on exercise of land use rights; on order and procedures for compensation, assistance and resettlement when the state recovers land; and on resolution of complaints about land; - Decree No.59/2007/ND-CP dated 09/04/2007 of the Government on management of solid waste; - Decree No.69/2009/ND-CP of August 13, 2009, additionally providing for land use planning, land prices, land recovery, compensation, support and resettlement; - Official Dispatch No.181/DC-CP of October 23, 2009, correcting the Government's Decree No, 69/2009/ND-CP of August 13, 2009, which additionally provides for land use planning, land prices, land recovery, compensation, support and resettlement; - Decree No.81/2009/NĐ-CP dated 12/10/2009 on amending and supplementing a some articles of Decree No.106/2005/NĐ-CP (Decree 81); - Decree No.12/2009/ND-CP of February 12, 2009, on management of investment projects on the construction of works; - Decree No.98/2010/ND-CP dated 21/9/2010 of the Government detailing the implementation of some articles and supplementing a number of articles of the Law on Cultural Heritage; - Decree No.29/2011/ND-CP of April 18, 2011, on strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection commitment; - Circular No.02/2005/TT-BTNMT of June 24, 2005, guiding the implementation of the Government Decree 149/2004/ND-CP regulating the licensing of water resources Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 2

12 exploration, exploitation, utilization and sewage discharge into water sources; - Circular No.01/2005/TT-BTNMT dated April 13, 2005 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment guiding the implementation of a number of articles of the government Decree No.181/2004/ND-CP of October 29, 2004 on implementation of the Land Law; - Circular No.03/2010/TT-BTC of Ministry of Industry and Trade dated 22/01/2010 about some regulations on safety of High voltage grid; - Circular No.57/2010/TT-BTC issued on April 16, 2010 prescribing the estimation, use and settlement of funds for compensation, support and resettlement upon recovery; - Circular No.26/2011/TT-BTNMT of July 18, 2011, detailing a number of articles of the Government's Decree No.29/2011/ND-CP of April 18, 2011, on strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection commitment; - Circular No.12/2011/TT-BTNMT of April 14, 2011, stipulating hazardous waste management; Legal basis of the Project - Decision No.1208/QD-TTg of July 21, 2011, approving the national master plan for power development in the period, with considerations to 2030 (TSĐ VII); - Document No.0116/NPT-QLDT dated 13/01/2011 of National Power Transmission Corporation agreeing plan to renovate and upgrade the Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV TL ; - Document No.747/SCT-QLNL dated 27/06/2011 of Department of Industry and Trade Tien Giang Province agreeing alignment of the Project Rehabilitation and Upgrading the Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV TL section passing Tien Giang Province; - Document No.2071/UBND-CN dated 30/06/2011 of the Long An Province People's Committee agreeing alignment of the Project Rehabilitation and Upgrading the Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV TL section passing Long An Province; - Document No.1355/UBND dated 14/11/2011 of Binh Tan district agreeing alignment of the Project Rehabilitation and Upgrading the Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV TL section passing Binh Tan district; - Document No.1113/CCDTNDPN-KTKH dated 15/12/2011 of Southern Inland Waterway Department supplying the span height specification and installation of signs crossing Vam Co Tay river and Long Dinh canal for the Project Rehabilitation and Upgrading the Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV TL ; - Document No.3081/SGTVT-KH dated 22/12/2011 of Tien Giang Province s Transportation Department about span height crossing rivers in Tien Giang Province of the Project Rehabilitation and Upgrading the Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV TL ; - Document No.922/QSLA-PTM dated 16/12/2011 of Long An Province s Military Command about clearing mines and unexploded ordnance for the Project Rehabilitation and Upgrading the Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV TL ; - Document No.3023/BCH-PTM dated 20/12/2011 of Tien Giang Province s Military Command about clearing mines and unexploded ordnance for the Project Rehabilitation and Upgrading the Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV TL ; Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 3

13 - Document No.117/UBND dated 31/01/2012 of Binh Chanh District People's Committee district agreeing alignment of the Project Rehabilitation and Upgrading the Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV TL section passing Binh Chanh district; - Decision No.1011/QD-EVNNPT dated 14/08/2013 of National Power Transmission Corporation approving Feasibility study of the Project Rehabilitation and Upgrading the Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV TL ; - Document No.4089/EVNNPT-KH-HTQT dated 11/07/2013 of National Power Transmission Corporation transferring management Smart Grid projects under TEP loan WB. World Bank (WB) Safeguard Policies Apply to the Subproject The environmental and social screening according to the criteria described in the Bank s policy on environmental assessment has been carried out, and the result shows that the WB policies on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01) and Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) are triggered for this subproject. The subproject has also to comply with the WB s requirements on public consultation and Policy on Access to Information. The implementation of the policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) is addressed in the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) of the TEP project and the Resettlement Plan (RP) of this subproject. Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01): Environmental Assessment (EA) is an umbrella policy for the Bank s safeguard policies. The overarching objective is to ensure that Bank-financed projects are environmentally sound and sustainable, and that decision-making is improved through appropriate analysis of actions and of their likely environmental impacts. The EA process is intended to identify, avoid and mitigate potential impacts of Bank operations. EA takes into account the natural environment (air, water, and land); human health and safety; social aspects (involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples, and physical cultural resources); and transboundary and global environmental aspects. EA considers natural and social aspects in an integrated way. This subproject triggers OP 4.01 because it involves the rehabilitation, upgrading, and operation of a high-voltage overhead transmission line, requiring the identification, mitigation and monitoring of potential adverse environmental and social impacts. As required by OP 4.01 and the government EA regulation, the subproject has prepared an EIA and an EMP that meet the Government s and the World Bank s safeguards requirements. By the TEP appraisal, the subproject draft EIA and EMP were disclosed locally at the subproject sites and at the Bank s InfoShop on January 24, 2014 as required by OP 4.01 and the Bank s policy on access to information. The final subproject final EIA and EMP were disclosed locally at the subproject sites, at the Bank s InfoShop, and the Vietnam Development Information Center on April 18, Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) The Involuntary Resettlement policy seeks to prevent severe long-term hardship, impoverishment, and environmental damage to the affected peoples during involuntary resettlement. OP 4.12 applies whether or not affected persons must move to another location. The Bank describes all these processes and outcomes as involuntary resettlement, or simply resettlement, even when people are not forced to move. Resettlement is involuntary when the government has the right to expropriate land or other assets and when affected people do not have the option to retain the livelihood situation that they have. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 4

14 This policy is triggered because the subproject would have impacts involving the temporary and permanent involuntary taking of land and the loss of structures and assets associated with the land for the power towers and the right-of-way of the transmission line. By appraisal, the subproject has prepared and disclosed the RP locally at the subproject sites and at the Bank s InfoShop on January 24, The RP includes the measures to ensure that displaced people are: (i) informed about the options regarding resettlement; (ii) consulted and offered alternative resettlement choices; and (iii) provided with effective compensation and livelihood restoration. The final RP was disclosed locally at the subproject sites, at the Bank s InfoShop, and the Vietnam Development Information Center on April 18, World Bank Group Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines World Bank-financed projects should also take into account the World Bank Group Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines 1 (known as the "EHS Guidelines"). The EHS Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry-specific examples of Good International Industry Practice. The EHS Guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are normally acceptable to the World Bank Group and are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities at reasonable costs by existing technology. The environmental assessment process may recommend alternative (higher or lower) levels or measures, which, if acceptable to the World Bank, become project- or site-specific requirements. This subproject should conform the Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution and the General EHS Guidelines National Technical Regulations applied - QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water quality; - QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on underground water quality; - QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on sewage water; - QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT National technical regulation on the allowable limits of heavy metals in the soils; - QCVN 01:2008/BCT National technical codes for safety regulations when working with transmission lines and electrical equipments; - QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT-National technical regulation on ambient air quality; - QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on hazardous substances in ambient air; - QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on Industrial Emission of Inorganic Substances and Dusts; - QCVN 06:2009/BCT National technical codes for operating and maintenance power system facilities; - QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT- National technical regulation on hazardous waste thresholds; - QCVN 07:2009/BCT National technical codes for installation power network; 1 The EHS Guidelines can be consulted at Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 5

15 - QCVN 05:2009/BCT-National technical codes for testing, acceptance test for power facility; - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on noise; - QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on vibration; - QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on Industrial Sewage; - Vietnamese standard about Power technology and safety; - QCVN QTD 08:2010/BCT Low voltage power technical codes; - TCVN 5308:1999 Technical safety regulation for construction; - TCVN 4086:1995 Power safety Standard for construction; - TCVN 3147:1990 Safety regulation on loading and unloading works; - TCVN 2292:1978 General requirement on safety for painting work; - TCVN 4244:1986 Safety technical regulation for lifting equipment; - TCVN 5863:1995 Safety requirement on lifting equipment, steel strand, drum, hoist, chain and sprocket Document and data used for EIA a) Documents and data prepared by Project owner - The investment plan of the Project by - Power Transmission Company 4, 09/2009; - Survey Report of the Project Rehabilitation and upgrading of Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV TL (the Project) by PECC2, 09/2011; - Description of Feasibility study of the Project by PECC2, 12/2011; - Description of Basic Design of the Project by PECC2, 12/2011; - Total cost estimate of the Project by PECC2, 12/2011; - Report on background environment monitoring at the Project area by Environment and science development center, 12/2012; - The results of analysis of air samples, surface water and groundwater samples at the project site in 12/2012 are as follows: + Air sampling location: Cai Lay 220kV substation, Than Binh hamlet, Than Cuu Nghia commune, Chau Thanh district, Tien Giang province; 220kV Long An substation, Binh Cang 1 hamlet, Binh Thanh commune, Thu Thua district, Long An province; hamlet No.6, Thanh Duc commune, Ben Luc district, Long An province; Police status at Tan Tuc town, B2/36 KP2, Tan Tuc town, Binh Chanh district, Long An province; 500kV Phu Lam substation. + Surface water sampling location: Moi hamlet, Long Dinh commune, Chau Thanh district, Tien Giang province; Tan An 2 Bridge (Vam Co Tay River); Ben Luc Bridge (Vam Co Dong River); wharf (Cho Dem canal); Ba Hom Bridge (Nuoc Len canal). + Groundwater Sampling Location: Tran Thanh Du household, 634 Moi hamlet, Long Dinh commune, Chau Thanh district, Tien Giang province; Chien Thang household, 1/7B My Yen, Ben Luc district, Long An province; Thanh Loi household Highway No. 1A, Block 5, Binh Tri Dong ward, Binh Tan district, Ho Chi Minh city. - Current status of biological resources on land and underwater along the line; Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 6

16 - Legal documents of the Project; - A map of the overall transmission line and the Project s designs and drawings. b) References - The statistics on the state of the natural environment, socio-economic conditions in the Project area including: Binh Tan, Binh Chanh - Ho Chi Minh City, Ben Luc, Thu Thua, Tan An - Long An, Chau Thanh, Cai Lay - Tien Giang prepared by PECC2; - The document to the construction, installation and security of power grid; - The EIAs have been prepared in Vietnam recently, especially power transmission projects EIAs; - The documents on measures to manage and minimize the negative environmental impacts from project activities; - Documents on rapid assessment of the World Health Organization (WHO), 1993; - The EIA technical guidelines of the World Bank (WB); - Documents of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency USEPA, 1994; - Documents on Air Pollution, Mc Graw - Hill Kogakuka, APPROACHES APPLIED DURING EIA IMPLEMENTATION Approaches used for EIA 1/ Checklist and matrix The report lists the activities of the project, then identifies and lists the sources of environmental impacts of the project as well as the environmental impact of the project. Results are showed in tables which help to identify and classify the different impacts on the environment and specify the direction of research. 2/ Rapid Assessment This method was introduced by the WHO in In the report, using a number of the WHO s principles, such as diesel s exhaust gas generation coefficient, emission load of transportation means, pollutants load in sewage water to calculate pollutants concentration in sewage water; Using some estimated results to quickly assess the sources of SW and HW generated from the operation of the Project. This method is widely used around the world to list, identify sources of pollution. This method is used in many countries and in Vietnam. However, relying on the WHO s pollution coefficient is not really set in accordance with the conditions of Vietnam. 3/ Modeling The report uses empirical equations, the mathematical model of the authors in the country and abroad to calculate Diffuse dust from grading and excavation; Dust and emission from construction and transportation; Noise level of equipments according to distance to noise; Electric field distributed under 500kV TL. The accuracy of the method depends on many objective conditions, because each region has different conditions. 4/ Remote sensing and GIS Remote sensing approach bases on interpretation of satellite imagery in the project area combining with the use of GIS software (Acview, MapInfo...). This approach can evaluate holistically resources status quo nature, existing vegetation, tree, soil and land use along with Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 7

17 the natural elements and other economic activities. The report uses this approach to determine the current state of the vegetation, the canal system and the Project s location in correlation with natural and other socio-economic objects. 5/ Counseling The assessment is based on the experience of experts with years of work in the field of electrical engineering and the environment so the reliability of this method is relatively high Other approaches 1/ Listing In EIA preparation process it is necessary to use a variety of local statistics data as well as research document from institutions and agencies involved in the natural environment and socio-economic environment fields. These documents are filed in a system from time to time, be corrected and helps to identify the current state of the environment as well as the trend of environmental change in the Project area, as a basis for predicting the environmental impact as well as assessing the impacts level. 2/ Socio economic survey Conduct field surveys at commune, district where the project is going through. Data is collected through a meeting, questions, and direct interviews. Once collected, the statistical data is processed through various approaches such as descriptive statistics, inference statistics, estimation and testing, analysis and processing to investigate environmental factors (water, air...) for the analysis of environmental status and environmental impact assessment. 3/ Site visit and laboratory Implementing sitevisit to collect environmental samples, the data, observe the natural environment, socio-economic status. Use laboratory to analyze quality of collected environmental samples as a basis for assessing the current state of the environment 4/ Comparison The comparison method is applied to evaluate the environmental status in the project area as well as the level of pollution from emission sources basing on the comparison with the QCVN, QCVN about environment issued by the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Natural Resources ORGANIZATIONS APPLY EIA EIA report was prepared by Project owner (National Transmission Power Corporation Southern Vietnam Power Projects Management Board), with the participation of consultant company (Power Engineering Consultant Company 2) and other related agency (Environment and Science Development Center - VESDEC). a. Consultant Company: POWER ENGINEERING CONSULTANT COMPANY 2 - Address : 32 Ngo Thoi Nhiem, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City; - Tel : Fax : ; - General Director: Mr. Nguyen Tai Anh b. Supporting agency (investigate the environment status in Project area) ENVIRONMENT AND SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT CENTER Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 8

18 - Address : 179 Bach Đang, Ward No. 2, Tan Binh Dist., Ho Chi Minh City - Tel : Fax: Director : Mr. Le Trinh The content and the steps preparing EIA report are in compliance with Decree No.29/2011/ND-CP dated 18/4/2011 of the Government on strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment, environment protection commitment and Circular No.26/2011/TT-BTTMT Circular dated 18/7/2011 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment about guidelines and strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environment protection commitment. Staff directly working on EIA: No Name Degree Majority Company Experience Project Owner: Southern Power Project Management Board National Power Transmission 1 Nguyen Cong Toan Engineer Power Technology SPMB over 20 years 2 Phan Van Tranh Environment SPMB Over 9 Bachelor years Consultant company: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 3 Nguyen Trong Nam Engineer Power Technology PECC2 over 20 years 4 Pham Van Thom Engineer Civil work PECC2 over 20 years 5 Phan Duy Trung MBA Environment PECC2 09 years 6 Tran Thi Thuy Duyen Bachelor Environment PECC2 09 years 7 Nguyen Thi Nhu Quynh Engineer Environment PECC2 03 years 8 Le Van Tuu Engineer Environment PECC2 18 years 9 Nguyen Le Minh Trang Bachelor Economy PECC2 02 years Steps to prepare EIA: - Collect, gather document: natural environmental conditions, socio-economic, technical and economic feasibility study and and other documents related to the Project as well as geographic location, the legal documents relating to the implementation of EIA; - Survey the current state of the environmental components by standard approaches including surveys of socio-economic conditions, surveys of surface water quality, groundwater, air quality in the Project area; - On the basis of the above steps, assessing the impact of the project on environmental and socio-economic factors; - Propose solutions for environmental protection, environmental monitoring programs to minimize the negative impacts; Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 9

19 - Compiling EIA report and submitting EIA report to Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment under the current provisions of the Law on Environmental Protection. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 10

20 1.1. PROJECT S NAME Chapter 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION REHALIBITATION AND UPGRADING OF 220KV PHU LAM CAI LAY 2 TRANMISSION LINE 1.2. PROJECT OWNER Investor: National Power Transmission Corporation Headquarters: No. 4, Nguyen Khac Nhu Street, Ba Dinh Dist., Hanoi Tel: (04) Fax: (04) Representative: Director: Address: Southern Power Project Management Board (SPMB) Mr. Nguyen Tien Hai 610 Vo Van Kiet Str., District 1, Ho Chi Minh City Tel: (08) Fax: (08) Location of the project: Ho Chi Minh City, Long An, Tien Giang Provinces 1.3. PROJECT LOCATION Total length of the Project is km including (i) maintaining the existing section (approximately 2,824 m) from Phu Lam 500kV SS to G1, (ii) stringing (approximately 23,627m) on towers G1 - G7 of 500kV Phu Lam - O Mon TL, (iii) upgrading section G7-220kV Cai Lay SS (approximately 45,378m) from single circuit to double circuit. The TL starts from 220kV switchyard of Phu Lam 500kV SS at Block 5 - Tan Tao ward - Tan Binh district - Ho Chi Minh City and ends at 220kV switchyard of 220kV Cai Lay SS. The TL travels through Ho Chi Minh City, Long An and Tien Giang provinces, detail as follows: Ho Chi Minh City: - Tan Tao ward Binh Tan district; - Tan Nhut, Tan Tuc wards Binh Chanh district; Long An Province: - Thanh Phu, Thanh Duc communes Ben Luc district; - Nhi Thanh, Binh Thanh communes Thu Thua district; - Huong Tho Phu commune, ward No.2, 4, 6, Khanh Hau ward Tan An City; Tien Giang Province: - Tan Huong, Tan Ly Tay, Tan Ly Đong, Tan Hiep, Than Cuu Nghia, Tam Hiep, Long Đinh, Nhi Binh, Diem Hy communes Chau Thanh district Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 11

21 - Tan Hoi, Nhi My communes - Cai Lay district The Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV TL passes through densely populated areas of Ho Chi Minh City, Tan An City - Long An province and Tien Giang province. The TL mainly goes on the existing Phu Lam - Cai Lay 1 220kV and Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV TL s ROWs. These existing transmission lines are quite close to Highway No.1A. Economic conditions of people along the ROW are quite diverse, mostly are farmers, small business and handicraft producers. This area s urbanization process is very fast and complex with a lot of factories, industrial factories and residential areas. During the survey to define the Project s alignment, one of the priorities is not being close, not crossing, not affecting on the cultural, religious areas, national parks,... The Project s ROW mainly goes on the existing ROWs passing through rice paddies, orchards and residential areas. The coordinators of the steering angles are shown in Appendix 4. The Project s sections are described as follows: (1) Phu Lam 500kV SS G1: 2,824 m From 220kV switchyard of Phu Lam 500/220/110KV SS to the G1 position (9B tower). Here is the existing section which will be maintained (approximately 2,824 m). The section mainly passes through vacant land and ponds in Tan Tao ward, Binh Tan district, Ho Chi Minh City. This section crosses: - Nha Be Phu Lam 500kV TL : 1 time - 220kV transmission lines : 2 times - Medium and low voltage TLs : 6 times - Information TL : 3 times - Highway No.1A : 1 time - Roads : 5 times - Nuoc Len canal : 1 time (2) G1 G2: 320 m - At G1 the TL turns right to G2 (same alignement with Phu Lam O Mon 500kV TL) in Tan Tao Wward - Binh Tan district - Ho Chi Minh City. This section is located in the new ROW travelling through residential areas and small rice fields. This section crosses: - Medium and low voltage TLs : 2 times (3) G2 - G4: 6,951 m At G2 the TL turns right to G2A. At G2A the TL turns left to G3. At G3 the TL turns left to G4. This section s alignment goes with Phu Lam - O Mon 500kV TL (in construction) travelling through mostly farmland and a few resident areas in Tan Tao ward - Binh Tan district and Tan Nhut, Tan Tuc wards - Binh Chanh district - Ho Chi Minh City. Traffic is rather convenient. This section crosses: - Phu Lam Đuc Hoa 110kV TL : 1 time - Medium and low voltage TLs : 11 times Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 12

22 - Sai Gon Trung Luong Highway : 1 time - Road No.8 : 1 time - Road No.2 : 1 time - Canals : 3 times (4) G4 - G7: 16,354m At G4, the TL turns right position to G7 (between two towers 56 and 57). This section mainly travels through rice fields and residential areas in Tan Tuc - Binh Chanh district - Ho Chi Minh City and Thanh Phu, Duc Thanh communes - Ben Luc district and Nhi Thanh commune - Thu Thua district - Long An Province. Traffic is quite convinient. This section crosses: - Medium and low voltage TLs : 25 times - Sai Gon Trung Luong Highway : 1 time - Road No.8 : 1 time - Pronvial road No.830 : 1 time - Roads : 1 time - Rivers and canals : 3 times (5) G7 - G8 220kV Long An SS: 3,217m At G7, the 500kV TL will turn left and the 220kV TL will go straight (from here the Project will no longer go the same alignment with Phu Lam O Mon 500kV TL) on the ROW of existing Phu Lam - Cai Lay 1 220kV TL to G8 (tower 64A). At G8, the TL turns left to DC1 (tower 121B). At DC1, the TL turns left to the 220kV switchyard of 220kV Long An substation. This section mainly travels through rice fields in Binh Thanh and Nhi Thanh communes - Thu Thua district - Long An Province. This section crosses: - Low voltage TLs : 2 times - Information TL : 1 time - Rivers and canals : 1 time - There are 14 houses in the ROW (12m from the center of the TL to each side). (6) 220kV Long An SS - G9 - G10: 4,058m From 220kV Long An SS, the TL goes to DD2 (tower 122B). At DD2 the TL turns left to G9 (tower 122A). At G9, the TL turns From crossing Vam Co Tay river to G10 (tower 130). From here, the TL will go into the ROW of existing Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV TL. This section mainly travels through rice fields and residential areas in Binh Thanh commune - Thu Thua district, Huong Phu Tho commune, ward No.6 and No.2 - Tan An city - Long An province. This section crosses: - Medium and low voltage TLs : 7 times - Information TL : 2 times - Vam Co Tay river : 1 time - There are 68 houses in the ROW (12m from the center of the TL to each side). (7) G10 - G11:369m Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 13

23 At G10, the TL turns right to G11 (tower 131). This section travels through ward No.2 and No. 4 - Tan An city - Long An province. This section crosses: - Medium and low voltage TLs : 3 times - Highway No.62 : 1 time - Roads : 2 times - There are 17 houses in the ROW (12m from the center of the TL to each side). (8) G11 - G12: 3,838m At G11, the TL turns right to G12 (tower 139). This section mainly travels through residential areas and paddy fields in Khanh Hau and No.4 wards - Tan An city - Long An province. Th traffic is relatively convenient. This section crosses: - Medium and low voltage TLs : 15 times - Highway No.1A : 1 time - Roads : 7 times - There are 85 houses in the ROW (12m from the center of the TL to each side). (9) G12 - G13: 433m At G12 the TL turns left to G13 (tower 140). This section mainly travels through vacant land with flat terrain in Khanh Hau ward - Tan An district - Long An province. This section crosses: There are 02 houses in the ROW (12m from the center of the TL to each side). (10) G13 - G14: 10,230m At G13, the TL turns right position to 04033'32'' to G14 (tower 171). This section mainly passes through rice fields, densely populated areas in Khanh Hau ward - Tan An city - Long An province and Tan Huong, Tan Ly Tay, Tan Ly Dong,Than Cuu Nghia communes, Tan Hiep town - Chau Thanh district - Tien Giang province. This section crosses: - Medium and low voltage TLs : 24 times - Information TL : 3 times - Provincial No.866 : 1 time - Roads : 22 times - Canals : 2 times - There are 161 houses in the ROW (12m from the center of the TL to each side) (11) G14 - G15: 5,462m At G14 the TL turns right to G15 (tower 182) passing through several residential areas, orchards and rice fields at Cuu Nghia, Tam Hiep and Long Dinh communes - Chau Thanh district- Tien Giang province. This section crosses: - Nha Be O Mon 500kV TL : 1 time - Medium and low voltage TLs : 8 times - Information TL : 1 time - Road leading to Sai Gon Trung Luong Highway : 1 time Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 14

24 - Roads : 6 times - Canals : 2 times - There are 71 houses in the ROW (12m from the center of the TL to each side) (12) G15 - G16: 7,552m At G15, the TL turns right to G16 (tower 197) passing through mainly fruit trees and rice fields in Long Dinh, Nhi Binh and Diem Hy communes - Chau Thanh district - Tien Giang province. This section crosses: - Medium and low voltage TLs : 11 times - Inter communal roads : 8 times - Rivers and canals : 2 times - There are 55 houses in the ROW (12m from the center of the TL to each side) (13) G16 - G17: 8,658m At G16 the TL turns left to G17 (tower 215) passing through mainly fruit trees and rice fields of Diem Hy commune - Chau Thanh district, Tan Hoi and Nhi My communes - Cai Lay district - Tien Giang province. This section crosses - Medium and low voltage TLs : 6 times - Inter communal roads : 2 times - Rivers and canals : 6 times - There are 31 houses in the ROW (12m from the center of the TL to each side) (14) G17 - G18: 506m At G17 the TL turns right to G18 (tower 175) mainly passing through rice fields in Nhi My commune - Cai Lay district - Tien Giang Province. This section crosses: - Information TL : 1 time - Inter communal roads : 1 time - Canals : 1 time - There is no house in the ROW. (15) G18 - G19: 331m At G18 the TL turns right to G19 (tower 177) mainly passing through rice fields and fruit trees in Nhi My commune - Cai Lay district - Tien Giang province. This section crosses: - My Tho Cai Lay 110kV TL : 1 time - Medium voltage TL : 1 time - Highway No.1A : 1 time - Canals : 1 time - There are 03 houses in the ROW (12m from the center of the TL to each side) (16) G19 220kV Cai Lay SS: 807m Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 15

25 At G19 the TL turns right to DC2. At DC2 the TL turns left '47'' to busbar of Cai Lay 220kV SS passing through Nhi My commune - Cai Lay district - Tien Giang province. This section crosses: - Inter communal road : 1 time. - There are 03 houses in the ROW (12m from the center of the TL to each side) STATUS OF THE TRANSMISSION LINE BEFORE REHILIBITATION Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV transmission line was built in 1977 (that time, it was one part of Thu Duc - Can Tho 220kV transmission line designed by CGEE ALSTHOM - France). This transmission line was commissioned at 220kV level in This TL goes parallel with Phu Lam - Cai Lay 1 220kV TL which was designed by Power Engineering and Investigation company No. 2 in 1994 and built in These transmission lines are single circuit with total length of 71km passing Ho Chi Minh City, Long An and Tien Giang provinces which play an important role in supplying power to the Mekong Delta provinces through Cai Lay 220/110kV substation. Some images of the transmission line before rehilibitation: Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 16

26 Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV TL (left) and Phu Lam Cai Lay 1 220kV TL (right) The lowest position of the sagging wire, concrete tower has to be inserted to raise it up 1.5 STATUS OF POWER GRID IN THE PROJECT S AREA Forecast of load demand in 3 City/Provinces in the Project area are prepared basing on the Decision approving the planning power development for key economic region in the South by the Ministry of Industry and Trade. In addition, factors such as the growth rate of electricity in recent years, the adjustment of the scale and progress of the region, the industrial zones are also considered in the forecast load demand. a. Ho Chi Minh city: Binh Tan district: In the recent years, the economy of Binh Tan has strongly increased; total productive value of the industries in 2010 is VND 1, billion, increasing VND billion in comparison with 2009, gaining the development speed of %. The current economic structure of Binh Tan district is transferring to the trend of Industry Services - Agriculture. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 17

27 Binh Chanh district: The economic situation of Binh Chanh in recent years has positively changed. The industrial productive value out of the Government is VND 4,585,036 million in The number of state-owned companies is 2,804 in 2011 Table 1.1: Forecast of load demand in Ho Chi Minh City Category Electric Commodities (GWh) 13,810 15,410 28,325 42,930 61,600 Electric received (GWh) 14,665 16,376 30,069 45,530 65,330 Maximum power (MW) 2,362 2,600 4,800 7,270 10,440 b. Long An province: The economic situation of Long An province in 2011 is totaled up with the field of agriculture, forestry and aquaculture, industry, construction; commercial services. The area of agriculture and aquaculture (area I) increases 5.2% exceeding the proposed schedule (1 1.2%) and higher than 2010 (5%), in which agriculture increases 5.7%, forestry increases 1.4% and aquaculture increases 3.4%. Cultivation increases 8% due to good crops, good price, and farmers get benefits, especially from rice; most of production of crop plants increases in comparison with the previous year. Table 1.2: Forecast of load demand in Long An province No Category Electric Commodities (GWh) 1,810 4,160 8,367 13,780 2 Electric received (GWh) 1,900 4,368 8,785 14,469 3 Maximum power (MW) ,397 2,300 c. Tien Giang province The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of quarter I of 2012 is around VND 4,069 billion, increasing 9% in comparison with the quarter I of 2011 (expectation in increasing from %). The area of agriculture, forestry and aquaculture increased 5. 1% in comparison with the quarter I of Table 1.3 : Forecast of load demand in Tien Giang province No Category Electric Commodities (GWh) 1,165 2,306 4,440 7,220 2 Electric received (GWh) 1, , , , Maximum power (MW) ,270 Currently, some power centers in the Southern region such as Vinh Tan, Duyen Hai, Long Phu, and O Mon... are under construction which plays an important role in the power supply for the region. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 18

28 In , Duyen Hai, Long Phu, Song Hau and Kien Luong Power Centers will be put into operation respectively. At this stage, the southeastern region will lack power, while the southwest power center will be accessed. However, totally, one part of southern region s power will be transmitted to the outer region. In the remaining units of Duyen Hai, Long Phu, Song Hau and Kien Luong Power Centers will be put into operation. In this period the power needs of the southeast will be very high, and as a result, from 2023 there may be power shortage in southern region. d. Status and role of the Project Phu Lam Cai Lay 2 220kV TL was built in 1977, the majority of TL passes through the flat fields and unpopulated areas so average distance of tower is quite far (480m) with the wire s lowest deflection to ground 7.0m. Before 2008 (when there were no Ca Mau and O Mon power plants yet), the Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV TL and Phu Lam - Cai Lay 1 220kV TL played an important role in the transmit power from Phu Lam 500/220kV substation to Mekong delta provinces with high load. Currently, after Ca Mau power plant MW and O Mon power plant -330MW have been put into operation which met most of the load demand from southwest region, these TLs still transmit power from Ho Chi Minh city to southwest region. However, the pressure on the transmission lines in normal condition has decreased compared to the previous period. Through a long operation time in state of high load carrying,conductor of the TL had worn out resulting deflection distance from the lowest conductor to ground is only about 6-7m which does not ensure safety in management and operation, especially when transmission line carries high load and passes through residential areas and roads, etc.. To prevent incidents that may occur, operation unit has implemented some measures such as building temporary warning signs, restrict the height of vehicles moving below the TL, insert concrete columns to raise conductor up. Moreover, given that most of the TL s foundations degraded. Although operation unit has repeatedly reinforced, this still affect the long-term operation. These measures do not guarantee absolute safety for persons and vehicles living below the TL, especially in bad weather (wind, storm, rain...). Furthermore, due to rapid urbanization in areas along the TL, to ensure the safe distance between conductors and residential areas according to the current regulations is rather difficult. The Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Phu Lam Cai Lay 2 220kV transmission line is aiming to: - To improve the existing transmission lines which have operated for a long time and have declined safety. - Enhance the transmission capacity, network capability and power system stability for the southwest region in accordance with National Electricity Development Plan in period , referring to This project will create a double circuit transmission line with high load capacity from the Phu Lam 500/220kV substation to the Cai Lay 220kV substation to replace 2 Phu Lam - Cai Lay 1 and 2 220kV transmission lines. After the Thermal Power Centers in southwest are put into operation, this transmission line will transmit load from the southwest to Ho Chi Minh city, releasing the capacity of thermal power centers and enhancing regional capacity for Ho Chi Minh City and surrounding areas MAIN INFORMATION Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 19

29 Project s purpose The Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Phu Lam Cai Lay 2 220kV transmission line is aiming to: - Improve the existing transmission lines which have operated for a long time and decline safety. - Enhance the transmission capacity, network capability and power system stability for the southwest region in accordance with National Electricity Development Plan in period , referring to This project will create a double circuit transmission line with high load capacity from the 500/220kV Phu Lam substation to the Cai Lay 220kV substation to replace 2 Phu Lam - Cai Lay 1 and 2 220kV transmission lines. - After the Thermal Power Centers in southwest are put into operation, this transmission line will transmit load from the southwest to Ho Chi Minh city, releasing the capacity of thermal power centers and enhancing regional capacity for Ho Chi Minh City and surrounding areas Scope and scale of the Project Scope of the Project Scope of the Rehibilitation and upgrading of Phu Lam Cai Lay 2 220kV TL Project is as follows: - Build the new tower No.9B to connect to Phu Lam O Mon 500kV TL. - String double circuit conductor on 3 phase towers in section G1 G4 (7.27km) of Phu Lam O Mon 500/220kV TL. - String single circuit conductor on 3 phase towers in section G4 G7 (16.36km) of Phu Lam O Mon 500/220kV TL. - Upgrade from single to double circuit the conductor 2xACSR 666.6MCM in section G7 ĐC1 Long An 220kV SS (3.22km). - Upgrade from single to double circuit the conductor 3xACSR 666.6MCM in section Long An 220kV SS ĐĐ2 My Tho 220kV SS (34.77km). - Upgrade from single to double circuit the conductor ACSR 795MCM in section My Tho 220kV SS ĐC2 Cai Lay 220kV SS (7.4km). - Upgrade and renovate kV bays connecting to My Tho 500/220kV SS of Long An 220kV SS Project s scale - Voltage level : 220kV. - Number of circuit : 02 - Starting point (SP) : 220kV switchyard of Phu Lam 500kV substation. - End point (EP) : 220kV switchyard of Cai Lay 220kV substation. - Length of transmission line : Apprx. 71,83 km, in which: Section for remaining: 2,82 km. Section for stringing two-circuit conductor: 7,27 km. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 20

30 Section for stringing 1-circuit conductor: 16,36 km. Section for upgrading from 1 circuit to 2 circuits: 45,38 km. - Conductors : Aluminum conductor steel reinforced ACSR 795MCM code name Cuckoo (equivalent to ACSR 400/51) applied to sections: section for stringing three-circuit conductors on 500kV and 220kV mixed towers of Phu Lam O Mon 500kV transmission line and section from My Tho substation End point Cai Lay Substation. : Aluminum conductor steel reinforced 2xACSR 666.6MCM Code name Flamingo (equivalent to ACSR 330/43) applied to section G7 EP Long An substation. : Aluminum conductor steel reinforced 3xACSR 666.6MCM Code name Flamingo applied to Long An substation SP My Tho substation. - Earthwires : Aluminum alloy conductor steel reinforced galvanized AWG 7No16AWG and 1 optical ground wire OPGW 90 (12 optic fibers according to ITU T/G.655) for section G7 Long An substation. : Aluminum alloy conductors steel reinforced galvanized AACSR code name Pastel147.1 and 1 optical ground wire OPGW 120 (12 optic fibers according to ITU T/G.652) for section from Long An SS to Cai Lay SS. - Insulators : 220kV composite insulators for one-circuit and two-circuit sections on three-circuit towers of 500kV Phu Lam O Mon transmission line. : Glass, porcelain insulators applied heavy pollution level with loads of 70kN, 120kN, 160kN and 210kN. - Towers : Two-circuit towers manufactured from hot dip galvanized steel shape towers, connected by bolts - Foundations : Cast-in-place reinforced concrete slad, pier and pile foundation wire. - Earthing : Radial form with galvanized steel wire (Φ12) Description of Measures, Volume of Construction Works of The Project Electrical engineering mesures a) Conductor G1- G7: Using ACSR 795MCM code Cuckoo (equivalent to AC 400/51). G7 Long An 220kV SS: Using 2xACSR 666.6MCM code Flamingo (equivalent to 2xAC 330/43); Long An 220kV SS My Tho 220kV SS: Using 3xACSR 666.6MCM code Flamingo (equivalent to 3xAC 330/43); My Tho 220kV SS Cai Lay 220kV SS: Using ACSR 795MCM code Cuckoo (equivalent to AC 400/51). Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 21

31 b) Earthwires and OPGW: Basing on the results of testing the resistance 1-phase short circuit of a number of wires, combined with the mechanical and physical properties, deflection, selected earthwires are as follows: - G7 Long An: Using two earthwires including one wire AWG 7No16AWG and one OPGW Long An Cai Lay: Using two earthwires including one wire AACSR code Pastel và 1 OPGW 120. c) Insulators and fittings Quality of insulator shall have affection on safety operation for the entire transmission line. Therefore, reasonable selection of insulator shall play an important and active role in order to minimize failures on the transmission line. Otherwise, the reasonable selection shall reduce investment costs for the project due to not only saving of insulators, fittings but also supporting in reasonable selection of insulator distances on towers that shall reduce cost of steel towers, foundations and facilitate the project management and operation. The Project will use four types of insulators : 70kN, 120kN, 160kN and 210kN. ACSR 795MCM: - Type 70kN : For single, double suspension string and jumper. - Type 160kN : For single, double tension string. 2xACSR 666.6MCM: - Type 70kN : For jumper. - Type 120kN : For single, double suspension string. - Type 160kN : For single, double tension string. 3xACSR 666.6MCM: - Type 70kN : For jumper. - Type 120kN : For single, double suspension string. - Type 210kN : For single, double tension string Measures to protect transmission line a) Protecting against atmospheric overvoltage and grounding The popular measure to protect against atmospheric overvoltage is stringing earthwires for the entire line together grounding resistors in order to prevent from reverse discharge through insulator strings and lightning directly striking on conductors in case that lightning strikes on tower top or earthwires. Requirements of earthwires: - Protection angles. - Distances between consuctors and earthwires at mid spans (in order to prevent from discharging between earthwires and grounds when lightning strikes at mid spans). Protecting against lightning: Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 22

32 To protect against lightning, the Project uses 02 earthwires including 1 earthwire al. alloy steel reinforced PHLOX116.2 and 1 optical ground wire OPGW-120. Therefore, all earthwires shall be directly connect to ground at every position of tower on the transmission line. Grounding system: All the towers are grounded, consistent with the earth resistance in the area TL crossing. The earth resistance must meet the current norms (Article II.5.72-e). To avoid corrosion and stolen, earthwire is buried in concrete foundation. So the grounding system must be constructed simultaneously with the foundation. b) Mechanical protection Mechanical protection for the transmission line is to protect against vibration for conductors and earthwires. Popular solution is vibration damper. Vibration damper for conductors and earthwires that is made of aluminum or al. alloy and directly installed on conductors and earthwires. c) Name plate and warning site All towers must have number plate to serve the management and operation, to avoid confusion and warning signs to inform people moving under the transmission line. Name plate and warning signs are made from galvanized steel with thickness of 2mm and directly mounted on towers by bolts. At positions crossing roads (national roads and provincial roads) and rivers, in order to ensure safety for all vehicles, these positions shall be equipped warning signs as regulated by Ministry of Transportation. d) ROW Width of ROW is specified by two vertical planes at two side of the line in parallel with the line, the distance from the outermost conductor is 6m at static condition. In order to ensure safety during operation, there must have measures to remove houses, trees from ROW as Decision No.106/2005/NĐ-CP dated 17/08/2005 of the Prime Minister and Circular No.06/2006/TT-BCN dated 26/09/2006 of Ministry of Trade and Ministry. Houses/structures can be kept in the ROW if they meet the safety requirements Article 6 Decree No.106/2005/NĐ-CP and Circular No.03/2010/TT-BCT dated 22/01/ Tower Technology Requirements a) Selection of tower All towers used in the Project steel tower. Steel towers are made from galvanized steel with hot-dip method. Doubled circuit towers are arranged vertically. The selected kind of tower must meet the requirement of TCN about electrical equipments. Suspension tower A huge amount of tower used transmission line is suspension tower. Using appropriate suspension tower will bring great technical and economical benefits as well as ensure the safety and sustainability of the Project. The expected suspension tower to be used is a double circuit monopole tower, protected by two earthwires. Basing on the requirements of the distance from the lowest point of the conductor to the ground, the tower s lowest arm is 22.5m high. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 23

33 Tension tower Tension tower is subject to the effects of heavy loads. In addition to the effects of wind power on conductor and tower, tension tower also bears conductor s tension depending on steering angle s width. The expected tension tower to be used is a double circuit monopole tower. The lowest arm is 19.5m and this kind of tension tower will be used for angles from 30 to 90. SƠ ĐỒ CỘT ĐỠ 2 MẠCH SƠ ĐỒ CỘT NÉO 2 MẠCH E1 E 2 B1 β B 2 β C 2 C1 C 2 C1 A 2 A1 H 2 H1 Figure 1.1: The Project s tower models: Suspension (left) and tension (right) Table 1.4: Topography to erect tower No Position Type of foundation Type of tower Topography type I Quantity Topography type II Topography type III 66 Ending tension MB x DE x 67 Suspension MB x14 2.DL+9 x 68 Suspension MB x14 2.DL+9 x 69 Suspension MB x14 2.DL+9 x 70 Suspension MB x14 2.DL+9 x 71 Suspension MB x14 2.DL+9 x Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 24

34 No Position Type of foundation Type of tower Topography type I Quantity Topography type II Topography type III 72 Suspension MB x14 2.DL+9 x 73 Suspension MB x14 2.DL+9 x 74 Angle tension MB x18.5A 2.D6 x 75 Ending tension MB x DE x Ending tension Angle tension steel gantries at 220kV LONG AN SS s switchyard MB8-21x23 2.DtE x MB8-24x24 2.Dt6 x 78 Suspension MB6.1-15x DtL+6 x 79 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 80 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 81 Suspension MB x17 2.DtL+9 x Angle tension Angle tension MB9.8-20x22 2.Dt3+6 x MB9.8-20x22 2.Dt3+6 x 84 Suspension MB x21 2.DtL+27 x 85 Suspension MB x21 2.DtL+27 x 86 Angle tension MB9.8-20x22 2.Dt3+6 x 87 Suspension MB6.1-15x DtL+6 x 88 Suspension MB x17 2.DtL+9 x Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 25

35 No Position Type of foundation Type of tower Topography type I Quantity Topography type II Topography type III 89 Suspension MB x18 2.DtL+15 x 90 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 91 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 92 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 93 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x Angle tension Angle tension MB9.8-20x22 2.Dt3+6 x MB9.8-20x22 2.Dt3+6 x 96 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 97 Suspension MB x18 2.DtL+15 x 98 Suspension MB x16 2.DtL+3 x 99 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x Angle suspension Angle suspension MB8.2-17x DtA+15 x MB8.2-17x DtA+15 x 102 Suspension MB x17 2.DtL+9 x 103 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 104 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 105 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 106 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 107 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 108 Suspension MB x17 2.DtL+9 x 109 Suspension MB x17 2.DtL+9 x Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 26

36 No Position Type of foundation Type of tower Topography type I Quantity Topography type II Topography type III 110 Suspension MB x17 2.DtL+9 x 111 Suspension MB x17 2.DtL+9 x 112 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 113 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 114 Suspension MB x17 2.DtL+9 x 115 Suspension MB6.1-15x DtL+6 x 116 Suspension MB6.1-15x DtL+6 x 117 Angle tension MB9.8-20x22 2.Dt3+6 x 118 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 119 Suspension MB x18 2.DtL+15 x 120 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 121 Suspension MB x17 2.DtL+9 x 122 Suspension MB6.1-15x DtL+6 x 123 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 124 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 125 Suspension MB x18 2.DtL+15 x 126 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 127 Suspension MB x18 2.DtL+15 x 128 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 129 Angle tension MB9.8-20x22 2.Dt3+6 x 130 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 131 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 27

37 No Position Type of foundation Type of tower Topography type I Quantity Topography type II Topography type III 132 Suspension MB x18 2.DtL+15 x 133 Suspension MB x18 2.DtL+15 x 134 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 135 Suspension MB x17 2.DtL+9 x 136 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 137 Suspension MB x17 2.DtL+9 x 138 Suspension MB x17 2.DtL+9 x 139 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 140 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 141 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 142 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 143 Suspension MB x16 2.DtL+3 x 144 Angle tension MB8-24x24 2.Dt6 x 145 Suspension MB x17 2.DtL+9 x 146 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 147 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 148 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 149 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 150 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 151 Suspension MB x17 2.DtL+9 x 152 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 153 Angle tension MB9.8-20x22 2.Dt3+6 x Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 28

38 No Position Type of foundation Type of tower Topography type I Quantity Topography type II Topography type III 154 Suspension MB x18 2.DtL+15 x 155 Suspension MB x21 2.DtL+27 x 156 Suspension MB x21 2.DtL+27 x 157 Suspension MB x DtL+18 x 158 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 159 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 160 Suspension MB x17 2.DtL+9 x 161 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 162 Suspension MB x17 2.DtL+9 x 163 Angle tension MB9.8-20x22 2.Dt3+6 x 164 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 165 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 166 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 167 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 168 Suspension MB7-15.5x DtL+12 x 169 Suspension MB6.1-15x DtL+6 x 170 Suspension MB x DL+3 x 171 Suspension MB7-13x DL+12 x 172 Suspension MB x14 2.DL+9 x 173 Suspension MB7-13x DL+12 x 174 Suspension MB x14 2.DL+9 x Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 29

39 No Position Type of foundation Type of tower Topography type I Quantity Topography type II Topography type III 175 Suspension MB7-13x DL+12 x 176 Suspension MB7.9-14x DL+18 x 177 Suspension MB x DL+3 x 178 Suspension MB x DL+3 x 179 Suspension MB x DL+3 x 180 Suspension MB7.9-14x DL+18 x 181 Suspension MB7.9-14x DL+18 x 182 Suspension MB x14 2.DL+9 x 183 Suspension MB7-13x DL+12 x 184 Angle tension MB8.2-14x D3 x 185 Suspension MB x DL+3 x 186 Angle tension MB x D6+6 x 187 Angle tension MB x D6+6 x 188 Suspension MB7.9-14x DL+18 x 189 Ending tension MB x DE x Stringing double circuit conductors (G1-G4) 9 Angle tension MB8.2-14x D3 x Total : Note: Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 30

40 - Topography type I : (acclivity <=15, water flooding at depthness less than <=20cm) - Topography type II :( acclivity 15 35, fresh mud at depthness from 20 50cm) - Topography type III : (acclivity >35, fresh mud at depthness larger than 50cm) b) Tower material Tower is made of shaped steels, plate steels and joined by bolts with the following requirements of technical specifications: - Normal tensile steel (CT38 or equivalent to SS400 according to JIS G3101): yield point fy = 2450daN/cm 2 ; tensile strength fu = 4000daN/cm 2 ; calculated yield point: f=fy/ M = dan/cm 2 ; select f = 2300daN/cm 2. - High tensile steel (SS540 or equivalent according to JIS G3101): yield point fy = 4000daN/cm 2, tensile strength fu = 5400daN/cm 2 ; calculated yield point: f=fy/ M = daN/cm 2 ; select f = 3500daN/cm 2. c) List of towers used in the Project: Table 1.5: Towers used in the Project No Item Unit Quan tity Arm s length Width of ROW 1 220kV double circuit suspension tower kV double circuit suspension tower kV double circuit suspension tower kV double circuit suspension tower kV double circuit 2 phase suspension tower 220kV double circuit 3 phase suspension tower 220kV double circuit 3 phase suspension tower 220kV double circuit 3 phase suspension tower 220kV double circuit 3 phase suspension tower 220kV double circuit 3 phase suspension tower kV double circuit 3 phase suspension Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 31

41 No Item Unit Quan tity Arm s length Width of ROW tower kV double circuit 3 phase suspension tower 220kV double circuit 3 phase angle suspension tower Double circuit angle tension tower (to 30 o ) Double circuit angle tension tower (to 60 o ) Double circuit ending tension tower kV double circuit 2 phase angle tension tower (to 60 o ) 220kV double circuit 2 phase ending tension tower 220kV double circuit 3 phase angle tension tower (to 30 o ) 220kV double circuit 3 phase angle tension tower (to 60 o ) 220kV double circuit 3 phase ending tension tower Average width of the ROW m Total towers on the TL 126 Total length of new construction m 45,378 Average area of the ROW m 2 982, Solution of foundation design The reasonable and popular type of foundation is slad foundation that is a wide base supporting for four tower legs. a) Materials of foundation: - Bedding concrete is concrete M100, foundation casted concrete is concretes M200 or M250. Type of cement is Pooclăng PCB 30 or PCB 40. The concrete protection layer has length a=75mm. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 32

42 - Sand used for foundation casted concrete is yellow sand that shall be transported to location of foundation cast in accordance with the standard TCVN 7570:2006, TCVN 7572: Stone used for foundation casted concrete is crushed-stone or gravel depending on locations of foundation, dimension of stone used for bedding concrete is 4x6 cm, and dimension of stone used for foundation casted concrete is 2x4 cm in accordance with standard TCVN 7570: Mixing concrete is required clean water, no impurities and in accordance with standard TCVN 302:2004. b) Kinds of foundation used in the Project: Table 1.6: Size and quantity of foundations used in the Project No. Foundation Quantity Length Size (m) 1 MB x ,5 1 MB x MB x MB x14 3 MB7-13x MB7-13x MB7.9-14x MB7.9-14x MB x MB x MB x MB x16 7 MB6.1-15x MB6.1-15x MB x MB x17 9 MB7-15.5x MB7-15.5x MB x MB x18 11 MB x MB x MB x MB x21 13 MB8.2-17x MB8.2-17x MB8.2-14x MB8.2-14x MB x MB x MB x MB x MB8.2-18x MB8.2-18x20.5 Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 33

43 No. Foundation Quantity Length Size (m) 18 MB8.2-18x20.5E MB8.2-18x20.5E 19 MB9.8-20x MB9.8-20x22 20 MB8-24x MB8-24x24 21 MB8-21x MB8-21x23 22 MB x18.5A MB x18.5A Organization of construction activities a. Warehouses and temporary camps With total length of 71.83km, the transmission line travels through Ho Chi Minh City, Long An and Tien Giang Provinces. Topography of regions where the line traverses is quite flat, however, the line is divided by rivers and canals, canal for planting fruit trees, fish-pond, shrimp-pond... Thus, transportation is extremely difficult route and mainly based on waterways. Construction period is expected in about 12 months (excluding the time for site clearance and compensation) and it should be organized as follows: There are four (04) construction contractors for the project. Each contractor is in charge of a section of the transmission line. Site location of the contractors is set close to national highways for convenient travel and living. At such locations, there are warehouses and gathering places to store materials, camps for workers, and office for group of site managers, details as follows: Outdoor warehouse: Due to construction period of 12 months, the warehouse is made of bamboo and leaf Gathering places: is fenced by bamboo or net B40 to protect and be drainage ditch. This place is used to store steel materials, conductors and insulators... Indoor warehouses: used to store cements and expensive accessories. Table 1.7: Area of construction warehouse No. Type of warehouse Materials Quantity Unit Total (m2) I. Indoor warehouse Cement 8, ton Valuable materials II. Outdoor warehouse Wood m Steel tower 2, ton Other fittings ton III. Gathering area Steel tower 2, ton 2, Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 34

44 No. Type of warehouse Materials Quantity Unit Total (m2) This storage area is calculated for the entire Project. Insulators and fittings ton Conductors and earthwires 2, ton Temporary fence md The work is divided into four segments (in 2 sections) corresponding to four independent construction sites. Temporary construction site of every segment is located close to residential area and the highways, Provincial roads to facilitate activities and transportation, detailed as follows: - Section I: From Phu Lam 500kV SS to Long An 220kV SS Segment 1.1: from starting point to G5, at Tan Nhut commune, Binh Chanh district, HCM City; Segment 1.2: from G5 to Long An SS, at Thanh Duc commune, Ben Luc district, Long An Province; - Section II: from Long An 220kV SS to Cai Lay 220kV SS Segment 2.1: from Long An SS to G14, at Binh Thanh commune, Thu Thua district, Long An Province; Segment 2.2: from G14 to ending point, at Nhi My commune, Cai Lay district, Tien Giang Province. b. Electricity and water for construction The water source for construction is mainly based on the water of rivers and canals along the route. As for the construction site which is far away from water resources or where the water resource is contaminated, the clean water shall be transported by tank trucks and laborers to each tower foundation. Water used for workers is bought from households along the TL. Total number of workers in the construction phase is 200 divided into four construction units. The water used is 80 liters/person per day (TCXD 33:2006). The estimated amount of sewage accounts for 100% of water used. Construction time for one foundation is about 1 month (26 days). Thus the amount of domestic sewage in the construction phase is calculated as follows: Table 1.8: The amount of domestic sewage in the construction phase No Construction unit Number of workers Amount of sewage (m 3 ) Day Month 1 Each construction unit in Section I Each construction unit in Section II The whole Project Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 35

45 Power supply for construction and living is generated from movable diesel generators or local power grid. c. Construction sites Land for site filling and leveling is determined at average of 0.3m height for 126 positions; these sites are used to store equipment and materials that shall be used in construction and installation of towers. Temporary volume is determined as follows: - Sites for casting foundations and installing towers: m 2 /position (applied to 126 positions). - Sites for stringing conductors: 400m 2 /site (applied to 4 sites). d. Temporary road for construction Transportation of equipment and materials to position of foundation is mainly based on current national highways, provincial roads, communal roads, no need to build new road. e. Sources and transportation of equipment and materials Sources of equipment and materials: - Sands, stones, cements, wood, and bamboo: purchased from local agents. - Reinforcing works, groundings: at local factories. - Steel towers, conductors and fittings: is manufactured in Vietnam, transported from SPMB s warehouse. - Conductors, insulators and fittings: to be imported and transported from SPMB s warehouse. Table 1.9: Source of equipment and materials No. Equipment and materials Sources Gathering places Transportation vehicles Notes 1 Foundation steel Local site Truck Convey to gathering places 2 Steel tower SPMB s warehouse Conductors and earthwires SPMB s warehouse - - Convey to gathering places 4 Insulator strings and fittings SPMB s warehouse - Truck Convey to gathering places 5 Cement PC 30 Local - Truck - 6 Sand Local Construction site Truck Convey to gathering places Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 36

46 No. Equipment and materials Sources Gathering places Transportation vehicles Notes 7 Macadam Local Construction site Truck - Long-way transportation: Long-way transportation is applied to convey equipment and materials stored at SPMB s warehouse such as: steel towers, conductors, insulators, fittings. Transportation vehicles are trucks on national highways, provincial roads with average length of 100km on road type I for the entire line. Details as follows: Long distance transportation from Phu Lam to Cai Lay is around 100km. Section 1: From Starting point - G5, Length (L1) = 17 Km, storage at Tan Nhut commune Binh Chanh district - Ho Chi Minh city. Average distance: 4.56km. Section 2: From G5 - G7, Length (L2) = 11 Km Storage at Thanh Duc commune Ben Luc district, Long An province Average distance 3.07km Section 3: From G7 - G14, Length (L3) = 24 Km, Storage at Binh Thanh commune - Thu Thua district- Long An province Average distance: 6.49km Section 4: From G14 Ending point, Length (L4) = 24 Km Storage at Nhi My commune - Cai Lay district - Tien Giang province Average distance: 6.25km Average distance for the whole route: 2.27km Internal transportation along the line: Internal transportation along the line is calculated from main warehouse at each construction section to positions of tower. This distance is only determined for equipment and material that are provided by SPMB, these equipment and materials need to be appropriately stored and processed prior to convey to the site such as: steel towers, conductors, insulators, fittings, cement, foundation-casted steel, forms. At stage of explanation of construction measures, these distances have to be determined based on location of warehouse at each construction section, topography of the line together with current transportation system of Vietnam at stage of survey. Equipment and materials at warehouse located at site shall be transported to gathering places by trucks, boats on national highways, provincial roads, big canals, rivers and other pathways at local areas with average length of 2.27km. Short-way transportation: Transportation of equipment and materials from gathering places to each position of the tower is mainly performed by manual or semi-manual. At locations parallel with and close to national highways, provincial roads, materials are gathered along the line. The average manual transport distance for the entire route is m. Table 1.10: Volume of transportation of equipment and materials for each segment Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 37

47 No. Equipment and materials Unit (ton) Total ride Construction time (day) Ride/day I Sub-station 1.1 (from ĐD G5) Foundation MB8.2-14x16.5 (Tower No.9) II Sub-station 1.2 (from G5 Long An SS) 1 Average volume for each foundation Foundation MB x18.5 (*) III Sub-station 2.1 (from Long An SS G14) 1 Average volume for each foundation Foundation MB8-24x24 (*) 1, IV Sub-station 2.2 (from G14 ĐC) 1 Average volume for each foundation Foundation MB8-24x24 (*) 1, f) Construction vehicles and machineries Construction vehicles and machinery: In order to perform main works on sites, equipment and vehicles, machinery for construction play very important roles. The main means used for construction and erection of the project are listed in the following table: Table 1.11: Expectation of main vehicles and machineries No Vehicles or machineries Unit Quantity I Phase I 13 1 Vehicle for transportation of steel tower vehicle 1 2 Truck truck 2 3 Dump truck truck 2 4 Vehicle with fuel + water tank vehicle 1 5 Crane pcs 1 Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 38

48 No Vehicles or machineries Unit Quantity 6 Bulldozer + excavators pcs 1 7 Vehicle to convey workers vehicle 1 8 Diesel generator pcs 1 9 Water pump pcs 3 II Phase II 46 1 Vehicle for transportation of steel tower vehicle 4 2 Truck truck 6 3 Dump truck truck 10 4 Vehicle with fuel + water tank vehicle 5 5 Crane pcs 2 6 Bulldozer + excavators pcs 4 7 Vehicle to convey workers vehicle 5 8 Diesel generator pcs 3 9 Water pump pcs 7 Total 59 Notes: Above vehicles and machineries may be replaced with other types of which properties and functions are equivalent to the above ones. Volume of construction: Volume of main construction and erection for the project as prescribed as the following table: Table 1.12: Volume of main construction and erection No. Works Unit Volume I. Preparation of construction Method of construction 1 Clearance m 2 326, Manually + machinery 2 Compensation Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 39

49 No. Works Unit Volume Method of construction - Permanently acquired - Rice m 2 11, Crops m 2 2, Orchards m 2 13, Residential area m 2 6, Weed m Other types of land m 2 4, Temporarily acquired - Rice m 2 51,092 - Crops m 2 12,496 3 Leveling and borrowed land used for construction (foundation executed site, warehouse and gathering yards) m 2 67, Manually + machinery II. Digging and leveling 1 Digging foundation m³ 117, Leveling foundation - 91, Manually + machinery Manually + machinery 3 Additional land m³ 18, Timber and cajuput tree 26,377 5 Bamboo used to avoid erosion m 2 42,203 III. Concrete 1 M100 m³ 4, M200-20, Manually + machinery Manually + machinery IV. Foundation reinforcing Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 40

50 No. Works Unit Volume Method of construction 1 Foundation reinforcing of all kinds ton 1, Bolt ton Digging soil for grounding m³ 1, Manually 4 Grounding of all kinds ton V. Tower erection Steel tower ton 2, Manually VI. 1 Electrical equipment Stringing conductor Km Manually + machinery 2 Earthwire OPGW Km VII. Recapture 1 Recapture conductor and earthwire Conductor km Earthwire km Recapture steel tower ton Recapture foundation M200 m3 1, g) Stringing conductors and earthwires over the rivers, roads, high voltage transmission lines. Stringing conductors and earthwires over the rivers, roads, and high voltage transmission lines is illustrated through these figures below: Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 41

51 Figure 1.2: Stringing conductor crossing rivers Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 42

52 Figure 1.3: Stringing conductor passing roads Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 43

53 Figure 1.4: Stringing conductor passing high voltage of information TL Production and Operation Technologies The Rehabilitation and upgrading of Phu Lam Cai Lay 2 220kV TL is aimed to transmit load from Phu Lam 500/220kV SS to Cai Lay 220kV SS. This is a project concerning investment of electrical engineering infrastructure, not production activities. After completion of the project, the line is put into operation to obtain the above objectives. Stage of operation of the project is mainly management and maintenance. The management and operation of high-voltage lines must comply with provisions of Decree No.106/2005/ND-CP dated 08/17/2005 of the detailed regulations and guidelines for implementation of some articles of the electricity Law on safety of high-voltage grid, Decree No.81/2009/ND-CP dated 12/10/2009 of the Government amending and supplementing a number of articles of Decree No.106/2005/ND-CP and in compliance with processes of operation of national power system (issued together with Decision No.16/2007/QD-BCN dated Date 28/3/2007 of Minister of Industry) List of equiment and machineries Operation of the line is aimed to transmit electricity; some necessary equipment is listed as follows: Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 44

54 Table 1.13: List of equiment and machineries No. Item Code Unit Quantity I. CONDUCTOR AND FITTINGS 1 Conductor (Code name Cuckoo) ACSR 795MCM m 159,496 2 Conductor (Code name Flamingo) ACSR 666,6MCM m 640,788 3 Compression joint ACSR 795MCM set 86 4 Compression joint ACSR 666,6MCM set Repair sleeve ACSR 795MCM set 44 6 Repair sleeve ACSR 666,6MCM set Vibration damper set 3,495 8 Spacer for conductor set 3,198 9 Spacer for jumper set Single suspension string ĐDD.X1-1x16-70 string Double suspension string ĐDD.X1-2x16-70 string Jumper ĐLD.X1-1x16-70 string Single tension string NDD.X1-1x string Double tension string NDD.X1-2x string Single suspension string ĐDD.X3-1x string Double suspension string ĐDD.X3-2x string Jumper ĐLD.X3-1x16-70 string Single tension string NDD.X3-1x string Double tension string NDD.X3-2x string Insulator 70kN U70BS set 5,328 Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 45

55 No. Item Code Unit Quantity 21 Insulator 120kN U120BS set 14, Insulator 160kN U160BS set 2, Insulator 210kN U210BS set 3,900 II. EARTHWIRE PASTEL AND FITTINGS 1 Earthwire PASTEL m 18,634 2 Vibration jumper set Compression joint PASTEL set 10 4 Repair sleeve PASTEL set 5 5 Suspension string ĐCS.NĐ string 38 6 Tension string NCS.NĐ string 34 III. EARTHWIRE PHLOX 94.1 AND FITTINGS 1 Earthwire PHLOX 94.1 m 37,795 2 Vibration jumper set Compression joint ĐDDB.1-P120 set 21 4 Repair sleeve ĐDDB.1-P120 set 10 5 Suspension string ĐCS.NĐ-94.1 string 86 6 Tension string NCS.NĐ-94.1 string 37 IV. OPGW 120 AND FITTINGS 1 OPGW OPGW 120 m 46,770 2 OPGW reel reel 13 3 Vibration jumper string Armour rod string Suspension string for OPGW with amour rod ĐCQ-OP120 string Tension string NCQ-OP120 string 43 Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 46

56 No. Item Code Unit Quantity 7 Clamp for OPGW string Support cleat OPGW on towers string 11 9 Joint box on towers (1 in/ 1 out: 12/12) OPGW/OPGW box Joint box on steel gantries OFC/OPGW box 3 V. OTHER EQUIPMENTS 1 Earthing for steel tower TĐ-B2T TĐ-B2T set Earthing for metal roof (in the ROW) set Earthing for metal roof (out of the ROW 11m - 30m) set Crossing river warning sign (1.2mx1.2m) positions 11 5 Crossing road warning sign set 6 6 Name plate set Circuit distribution sign set Warning site set 124 Note: - These equipments can be replaced by technically equivalent kind if necessary - These equipment are estimated for the whole route. Basing on real conditions, at each sub-section these equipment will be used reasonably Materials (input) and type of product (output) of the project The Rehabilitation and upgrading of Phu Lam Cai Lay 2 220kV TL is aimed to transmit load from Phu Lam 500/220kV SS to Cai Lay 220kV SS. This is a project concerning investment of electrical engineering infrastructure, not production activities. Therefore, during operation of the line, it has no demand of materials and fuels. Input energy of the project is 220kV power source from Phu Lam 500/220kV SS and output product of the project is 220kV power supply for Cai Lay 220 kv SS The Project s planned schedule - Technical design: 9/ Technical design approval: 01/ Prepare Bidding document: 02/ Procurement: 04/ Construction drawings: 04/2014 Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 47

57 - Start construction: Quarter III/ Commissioning: Quarter IV/2015 Table Construction schedule of the subproject Proposed construction schedule will 12 months from the commencement date (Excluding period of clearance and compensation) No Work content 18 months are scheduled for the compensation period I. Preparation work 1 Compensation 2 ROW clearance 3 II. 1 2 III Withdraw of old transmission line Foundation work Leveling and backfilling for foundation casting (m²) Excavation for foundation (m³) Concreting work for foundation 1 Reinforced concrete (ton) 2 IV V VI VII Pouring concrete and backfilling foundation (m³) Erection of tower Stringing for deflection (whole route) Completion work Acceptance and Commissioning Project s investment cost Investment cost Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 48

58 Table 1.15: Project s investment cost (Currency: VNĐ) Items Before VAT VAT Total Construction cost 505,261,828,223 50,526,182, ,788,011,047 Equipment and testing cost 4,223,194, ,140,269 4,622,334,742 Compensation cost 20,885,972,140-20,885,972,140 Project management cost 7,369,700,853-7,369,700,853 Consultation cost 22,710,331,655 2,271,033,166 24,981,364,821 Other cost 189,212,373, ,780, ,715,154,576 Contingency 181,929,365,297 16,066,216, ,995,581,522 Total 931,592,766,411 9,765,353,290 1,001,358,120,000 Cost for environment protection activities Cost for environment protection activities includes cost for hiring consultants to prepare the Project s environment documents in accordance with Government s Law and the provisions of the WB and cost for environment protection activities during construction phase of the Project. Total investment cost for environment protection activities is 1,194,010,000 VND, detailed as follows: Table 1.16: Cost for environment activities No Items Value (VND) 1 Prepare environment documents 466,880, Environment Management Plan (EMP) 234,460, Resettlement Plan (RP) 69,208, Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) 163,212,000 2 Cost for environment protection equipments 20,000,000 3 Cost for environment protection activities 204,000,000 4 Cost for environment monitoring in construction process 36,250,000 Total 1,194,010, Management and Operation Organizations Construction phase Phu Lam Cai Lay 220kV TL with length of 71.83km, 126 new towers and stringing conductors on existing towers. According to norm estimate specialized construction of OHV Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 49

59 No.2005/QD - MPI dated May 09, 1999 issued by Ministry of Industry, construction conditions and realistic plan of EVN, current capabilities of Electrical Construction Companies in Vietnam and expected period of construction for the project of 12 months (excluding time of clearance and compensation), there are 4 contractors specialized construction and installation of transmission line and 04 independent construction sites. Arrangement of staff for a construction unit: - Direct : 60 people. - Indirect : 03 people. - Board of site manager : 02 people. Ancillary units: - Steel tower manufacturing factory - Transportation company. - Reinforcement and form yard Operation phase The organization of transmission line management and operation in general will be performed by National Load Dispatch Centre and regional Power transmission companies. Based on regional management, Power Transmission Company No.4 empowered from National Load Dispatch Centre (A0) and south regional National Load Dispatch Centre (A2) shall take responsibility of management. Power transmission company No.4 is responsible in managing operation of communication systems, relay protection system, remote control, implementation of maintenance and repair works, safety supervision for the line. Machinery and equipment used in the operation, management and repair of the TL Existing machinery and equipment of the Power Transmission Company 4 are used for the management and operation of the TL are equipped basing on norms of labor, production, and business for power under decisions No.957/QD-EVN dated 30/5/2008 of the Board of the Electricity of Vietnam as follows: Table 1.17: Machinery and equipment used in the operation, management and repair of the TL No Item Unit Quantity Origin Condition 1 Chain jack unit 7 Japan Good 2 Mobile conductor press unit 1 Japan Good 3 Perforator unit 01 Japan Good 4 Hydraulic shears unit 01 Japan Good 5 12mm flexible steel cable unit 1000 Viet Nam Good 6 Single metal pulley unit 10 Japan Good Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 50

60 No Item Unit Quantity Origin Condition 7 Double metal pulley unit 04 Japan Good 8 Aluminum pulley unit 10 America Good 9 Strain clamp for conductor unit 08 America Good 10 Strain clamp for earthwire unit 02 America Good 11 Aluminum ladder unit 01 France Good 12 Sawing machine unit 1 Good 13 Spanner ( kg/cm) set 01 England Good 14 Infrared binoculars unit 1 Japan Good 15 Binoculars unit 1 Russia Good 16 Digital camera unit 1 Viet Nam Good 17 Earth resistance meter unit 1 Japan Good 18 Field intensity meter unit 1 America Good 19 Thermometer unit 1 Sweden, America Good 20 Corona discharge meter unit 1 England Good 21 Distance meter unit 1 America Good 22 Dynamo meter unit 1 Viet Nam Good Table 1.18: Vehicles and digital communication equipments for the operation, management and repair of the TL No Item Unit Quantity Origin Condition 1 Vehicle 01 America Good 2 Pickup truck 01 America Good 3 5W walkie-talkie unit 02 Japan Good 4 40W walkie-talkie unit 02 Good Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 51

61 5 Fax unit 01 Malaysia Good 6 Telephone unit 01 Good 7 Computer unit 03 Good Table 1.19: Safety equipments used for operation, management and repair No Item Unit Quantity Origin Condition kV tester + hot stick set 01 France Good 2 Flexible copper ground 35mm 2 set 15 France Good 3 Insulation gloves pair 02 Japan Good 4 Insulation boots pair 02 Japan Good 4 Harness unit 20 Japan Good 5 Harness unit 06 France Good 6 Security helmet unit 26 America Good Table 1.20: Spare materials used for operation, management and repair No Item Unit Quantity 1 Galvanized steel backing kg 1,200 2 Spare ceramic insulators Bát Aluminum steel-reinforced conductor m 1,000 4 Compression joint for conductor set 06 5 Compression joint for earthwire unit 05 Demand for fuel in the operational phase The operation of the transmission line is transmitting power without using fuel or raw materials and chemicals. The Project does not use any materials or fuel banned in Vietnam. The process of maintenance and repair: using gas and oil for cars and equipment for the periodic technical inspection and maintenance process. Fuel used for transmission line check in one month is calculated as follows: 01 car, 06 checks/month (regular, irregular, night checks, technical inspections...), 60km/check, 25 litres/100km. So fuel used in one month is about (6x60) x25/100 = 75 liters and 02 liters of lubricant. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 52

62 Table 1.21: Demand on fuel No Category Unit Quantity of car Volume (liter) 1 Fuel liter/month Lubricant liter/year Number of workers in operation The Project is operated with 07 workers. At tension towers or span, the checking is more often. When there is an incident, the number of workers will be increased to solve the problem. According to Decision No.727/QĐ-EVN dated December 14, 2011 of of the Board of the Electricity of Vietnam on stipulated norms of labor, production, and business for power, in which the rated labor regulated for TL at 220kV in delta region is km/person/year x coefficient (coefficient: 1.1 for double-circuit TL). The sub-project has total length of km will be operated with about 07 labors. At tension and cross-over towers will be enhanced checking more often. When there is a incident, the number of labors will be strengthened to troubleshoot. Management, maintenance and repair of the TL Periodically check the TL in time to detect and solve abnormalities on the TL such as: dirty insulators, corona discharge, and noise, so that they will not affect surrounding people and ecology. Install signs at spans crossing roads and rivers/canals. Strictly obey environment protection regulations of the Government, EVN and EVNNPT. Train operation workers about the environment management and protection. Equip protection clothes for operation workers as regulated. Train and check operation workers health periodically (each 6 month). Prepare plan and practice flood prevention annually. Organization propagates electric safety for people living along the TL. Practice fire prevention and fighting periodically. Equip KEMA system. Periodically check the foundations to prevent the risk of landslides and erosion. Renovate and ground roofs for houses, structures to be kept in the ROW. All towers are mounted warning signs to reduce the risk of electric shock. De-energize transmission lines which the Project crosses when stringing conductors to minimize the accident occurred such as electric shock, fire... Coordinate with road management agency of the roads the Project crosses to manage traffic in the process of stringing... Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 53

63 Chapter 2 PHYSICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 2.1. NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Topography a) Ho Chi Minh city Ho Chi Minh city is located in the transitional zone between the South-Eastern region and the Mekong Delta, which is lower from north to south and from west to east. Uplands are located in the north - northeast and a part of northwest with an average elevation from 10m to 25m. Besides, terrain interspersed some hilly, up to 32m high hill such as Long Binh hill in district 9. In contrast, lowlands are located in the south - southwest and southeast of the city with an average elevation of less than 1 m, and the lowest place is 0.5 m. The downtown areas, a part of Thu Duc district, district 2, the whole Hoc Mon district and district 12 have an average elevation from 5 to 10 meters. b)long An province The topography of Long An Province is mainly flat, characterized of the Mekong Delta, lowland areas account for 66% of natural area. The average altitude is 0.75m and the highest one is 6.5m. The topography tends to low from west to north towards to east and south. Most of the existing residential land areas are non-flooded. However, low points are scattered along the banks of rivers may be flooded in the rainy season. In general, the terrain is relatively low, and it is easy affected while floods or tidal waters of Dong Thap Muoi overflow. c) Tien Giang Province Tien Giang Province has flat terrain with gradient less than 1% and altitude ranges from 0m to 1.6m in comparison with sea level, commonly from 0.8m to 1.1m. Topography is divided into distinct areas: area of south of National highway No.1A adjacent to Tien river has fresh water, fertile alluvial soil, and interlacing rivers and canals, which is suitable for irrigation, and culture. Orchards are alternated with field creating a fertile garden area. Also, this area is concentrated populous. Area of north of National highway No.1A is paddy field area, towards the north soil is shallow and aluminated, traffic ways are difficult to travel, and more sparsely populated. The terrain along the route is described as below: The project area is located in suburb of Ho Chi Minh city and Mekong Delta which has low and flat terrain, crossing Vam Co Dong and Vam Co Tay rivers (width of rivers are less than 300 meters). Flora along the route consists of rice, fruit trees and crops. Section 1: from Phu Lam 500kV Substation to G1-2,824meters length The terrain which the route traverses is flat and mainly unused land and pond land belongs to Tan Tao ward, Binh Tan district, Ho Chi Minh city. Section 2: from G1 to G2 320meters length The terrain which the route traverses is flat and goes across settlement and a part of paddy field belongs to Tan Tao ward, Binh Tan district, Ho Chi Minh city. This section route is new arising corridor. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 54

64 Section 3: from G2 to G4 6,951 meters length The terrain which the route traverses is flat and goes across mainly paddy field and a small part of settlement belongs to Tan Tao ward, Binh Tan district, Ho Chi Minh city and Tan Nhut and Tan Tuc communes, Binh Chanh district, Ho Chi Minh city. Section 4 : from G4 to G7 16,354meters length The terrain which the route traverses is flat and goes across mainly paddy field which is alternated with residental areas of Tan Tuc commune Binh Chanh district Ho Chi Minh city and Thanh Phu, Thanh Duc communes Thu Thua district Long An province. Section 5: from G7 to G8 and Long An 220kV Substation 3,217 meters length This section has flat terrain. The route traverses mainly paddy field belongs to Nhi Thanh and Binh Thanh communes Thu Thua district Long An province. Section 6: from Long An 220kV Substation to G9 and G10 4,058 meters length The route goes across flat terrain which is mainly paddy field xen kẽ with some settlements belongs to Binh Thanh commune, Thu Thua district; and Huong Tho Phu commune, Ward 6 and Ward 2, Tan An city, Long An province. Section 7: from G10 to G meters length The terrain which the route traverses is flat which belongs to Ward 2 and Ward 4, Tan An city, Long An province. Section 8: from G11 to G12 3,838 meters length The terrain which the route traverses is flat and mainly settlement and a little paddy field belongs to Ward 4 and Khanh Hau ward, Tan An city, Long An province. Section 9: from G12 to G meters length The route goes across unused land with flat terrain belongs to Khanh Hau ward, Tan An city, Long An province. Section 10: from G13 to G14 10,230 meters length The terrain which the route traverses is flat with a part of paddy field and focused residential areas of Khanh Hau ward Tan An city Long An province and Tan Huong, Tan Ly Tay, Tan Ly Dong, Than Cuu Nghia communes and Tan Hiep township Chau Thanh district Tien Giang province. Section 11: from G14 to G15 5,462 meters length This section route goes across many settlements, orchards and a little paddy fields. The terrain is flat belongs to Than Cuu Nghia, Tam Hiep and Long Dinh communes, Chau Thanh district, Tien Giang province. Section 12: from G15 to G16 7,552 meters length The terrain which the route traverses is flat and mainly orchard and paddy field belongs to Long Dinh, Nhi Binh and Diem Hy communes, Chau Thanh district, Tien Giang province. Section 13: from G16 to G17 8,658 meters length The terrain which the route traverses is flat and mainly orchard and paddy field belongs to Diem Hy and Tan Hoi communes, Chau Thanh district, and Nhi My commune, Cai Lay district, Tien Giang province. Section 14: from G17 to G meters length Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 55

65 The terrain which the route traverses is flat and mainly paddy field belongs to Nhi My commune, Cai Lay district, Tien Giang province. Section 15: from G18 to G meters length The terrain which the route traverses is mainly paddy field and a little part of orchard belongs to Nhi My commune, Cai Lay district, Tien Giang province. Section 16: from G19 to Cai Lay 220kV substation 807 meters length The terrain which the route traverses is flat belongs to Nhi My commune, Cai Lay district, Tien Giang province. The transmission line crosses with some important objects as below: - Cross the existing Nha Be Phu Lam 500kV TL: 01 time. - Cross the existing Nha Be O Mon 500kV TL: 01time. - Cross the existing 220kV TL: 01 time. - Cross the existing My Tho Cai Lay110kV TL: 01 time. - Cross the existing medium and low voltage TL: 134 times. - Crossing Ho Chi Minh city Trung Luong Highway: 02times; - Crossing National Highway and Provincial highways: 08 times; - Crossing soil roads and communal roads: 57 times; - Crossing medium and large rivers, canals: 28 times; Some photos of the existing Phu Lam Cai Lay No.2 220kV Transmission line: Figure 2.1: Photos of ROW Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 56

66 Figure 2.1: The lowest position of the sagging wire, concrete tower has to be inserted to raise it up Geology Geology of the project area can divide into two regions as below: - High relief region: mmainly components are 1-2 m clay thick, high load capacity 1-2 kg/cm 2. Low groundwater level is favorable for construction development. For small and medium-sized works, surface layer can be used as background. For works have large load, it is should to take measures to transfer load to the below layers. - Low relief region: components mainly silt, sand and gravel; and cover a layer of black soil on the top, with low force capability from 0.3 to 0.5 kg/cm 2. High groundwater level is close to the ground, thus it is difficult for construction development, and construction works must have a high investment ratio Project area has the following soil groups: - Alluvial soil developed on river, sea and river-marsh sediments, which is mainly distributed in the south and a part of the east. This group has long-term stable historic arable land with, this soil has diverged into several categories and has made profound changes due to monoculture rice habit and largely alluvial soil is not sedimented annually. - Alkaline soils: including potential alum and active alum on marine marsh sediments located along the northern of National Highway 1A, provincial road 870 and 866. This is usually flooded and uncultivated long-term area, thus soil has high potential fertility, rich in protein, mostly concentrated in the surface layer. This is also the area containing alum and high toxin levels. - Mound and slopes converge soil: is a small soil group, distributed a narrow corridor between the two above areas, commonly used cultivated vegetation, and is forming specialized farming vegetables. Based on the borehole document fieldwork and laboratory results in physical and mechanical soil in laboratory shows that stratigraphical survey of the TL to depth of 12.0 m to 45.0 m consists of the following soil groups: Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 57

67 - Layer 1a (tqiv): soil for levelling is fine-grained sand, brownish-grey, yellowish-grey, un-compact status. This layer is on topsoil and appeared at borehole at G1 only, depth is 2.1m. - Layer 1 (amqiv): clay; brownish-grey, yellowish-grey, a little blakish-grey; soft plastic status with some hard plastic places. Layer 1 is located in surface and distributed widely at boreholes from T58 to ĐC2, depth of this layer ranges from 1.0 to 2.2 m. - Layer 2 (ambqiv): clay mud, clay cloam mud; blackish-grey, ashy grey, strain and saturation status. This layer is located under layer 1 or layer 1a and distributed widely throughout the survey area, depth of this layer ranging from 1.5 to 28.4m. - Layer 3 (amqi-iii): clay, clay cloam, with brownish-grey, yellowish-grey, greenish-grey, whitenish-grey, soft-plastic to semi-hard plastic. Layer 3 is located under clay mud with discontinuous distribution from boreholes T58 to T127; borehole T171; from boreholes T197 to ĐC2, thickness of this layer has not defined yet because thichness of it is larger than 12- meter designing depth (depth is larger than 4.3m to 8.5m). - Layer 4 (amqi-iii): clay sand, fine-grained to coarse, whitenish-grey, yellowish-grey, soft-plastic status, section from m contains less than 15% of rigid quartz gravel with size less than 2.0cm. Layer 4 is distributed at KG1 borehole and under clay mud layer from 30.5m depth, thickness of the layer is 9.5m. - Layer 5 (amqi-iii): sand, medium to coarse, yellowish-grey, whitenish-grey and some reddish-brown, medium compact to compact status, contains less than 10% of rigid quartz gravel with size less than 2.0cm. Layer 5 is distributed at borehole KG1 only, thichness of this layer has not defined yet because thickness of it is larger than 45-meter designing depth (depth is larger than 5.0m). Table 2.1: Physico-mechanical characteristic of soil along the route Name of layer Layer 1 Clay Physico-mechanical characteristic of soil Layer 2 Clay mud, clay loam mud Layer 3 Clay, clay loam Layer 4 Clay sand Layer 5 Sand Natural humidity (W%) Natural density w (g/cm 3 ) Dry density K (g/cm 3 ) Density (g/cm 3 ) Pore grade n% Pore coefficient o Saturated degree G% Consistency B Compressibility coefficient a 1 2 (cm 2 /kg) (a ) Angle of interior friction o Cohesion C (kg/cm 2 ) Modulus of deformation Eo Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 58

68 Name of layer Physico-mechanical characteristic of soil (kg/cm 2 ) Layer 1 Clay Layer 2 Clay mud, clay loam mud Layer 3 Clay, clay loam Layer 4 Clay sand Layer 5 Sand Standard load pressure Ro (kg/cm 2 ) Source: Southern General Investigation Enterprise (SGIE) Climate Meteorological Conditions Overall the project area climate is quite stable, characterized by the tropical monsoon equatorial climate, with high temperature throughout the year. The climatic factors are divided into two distinct seasons as below: - Rainy season from May to November: weather regime is dominated by the prevailing southwest monsoon. In this season, it is monitored temperature and high humidity, rainfall accounts for 80-90% of the total rainfall in rainy season and in the early rainy season; it is occurred shower rain with thunderstorms, lightning, and enhanced wind. - Dry season from December to April of the following year: weather regime is influenced by the Northeast monsoon with low temperature, rainfall, and humidity. From February, under the influence of the equatorial low pressure, air temperature is increment. The project area has little hurricane and flooding damage, thus it does not affect the life and productive activities of the people. Extreme weather such as storm and tropical depression in project area from 1961 to 2008 is recorded as below: Table 2.2: Statistic of extreme weather from 1962 to 2008 Seaboard Appearance time Name of storm Intensity of storm Binh Thuan - Ca Mau 22/01/2008 Tropical depression Level 6 (39-49 km/h) Binh Thuan - Ca Mau 13/01/2008 Tropical depression Level 6 (39-49 km/h) Binh Thuan - Ca Mau 04/11/2007 Peipah Level 6 (39-49 km/h) Binh Thuan - Ca Mau 02/11/2007 Tropical depression Level 6 (39-49 km/h) Binh Thuan - Ca Mau 24/11/2006 Durian Level 13 ( > 133 km/h) Binh Thuan - Ca Mau 22/10/1999 Tropical depression Level 6 (39-49 km/h) Binh Thuan - Ca Mau 11/11/1998 CHIP (No.4) Level 6 (39-49 km/h) Binh Thuan - Ca Mau 31/10/1997 LINDA (No.5) Level 8 (62-74 km/h) Binh Thuan - Ca Mau 07/11/1996 ERNIE (No.8) Level 6 (39-49 km/h) Binh Thuan - Ca Mau 26/06/1994 Tropical depression Level 6 (39-49 km/h) Binh Thuan - Ca Mau 03/11/1988 TESS (No.10) Level 11 ( km/h) Binh Thuan - Ca Mau 10/10/1985 Tropical depression Level 6 (39-49 km/h) Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 59

69 Seaboard Appearance time Name of storm Intensity of storm Binh Thuan - Ca Mau 14/11/1973 THELMA(No.14) Level 10 ( km/h) Binh Thuan - Ca Mau 18/10/1968 HESTER (No.8) Level 8 (62-74 km/h) Binh Thuan - Ca Mau 28/11/1962 LUCY (No.9) Level 9 (75-88 km/h) Air temperature Average air temperature in three recent years in Ho Chi Minh city (in Tan Son Hoa weather station), Long An province (Tan An city weather station and Moc Hoa weather station), and Tien Giang province. Ho Chi Minh city has regular high annual temperature; its temperature is as below - Average temperature in 2011: C; - The hottest average temperature in 2011: C (in May); - The lowest average temperature in 2011: C (in January). Table 2.3: Average air temperature in three recent years in Ho Chi Minh city (Tan Hoa Son weather station) Month Year Whole year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Unit: 0 C Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec Source: Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Ho Chi Minh city Long An Province is located in the monsoon tropical climate, temperature is high and stable. The feature of temperature in Long An province is as follows: - Average temperature in 2011: C; - The hottest average temperature in 2011: C (in May); - The lowest average temperature in 2011: C (in January) Table 2.4: Average air temperature in three recent years in Long An province (Tan An weather station) Month Year Whole year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Unit: 0 C Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec Source: Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Long An province Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 60

70 Tien Giang province has 02 clearly seasons: dry and rainy. The feature of temperature of Tien Giang is as below: - Average temperature in 2011: C; - The hottest average temperature in 2011: C (in May); - The lowest average temperature in 2011: C (in January). Table 2.5: Average tempurature in three recent years in Tien Giang province Month Year Whole year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Unit: 0 C Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec Source: Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Tien Giang province Rainfall Rain regime will affect the air quality. Rain quality belongs to the atmosphere and environmental quality. Project area has two seasons include rainy season and dry season. Rainy season within project area starts from May to November and there is approximately 70% - 80% of total rain fall occur in these months. Table 2.6: Rainfall in Ho Chi Minh city (Tan Son Hoa weather station) Month Year Total Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Unit: mm Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec , , , Source: Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Ho Chi Minh city Table 2.7: Rainfall in Long An province (Tan An weather substation) Unit: mm Month Year Total Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec , , , Source: Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Long An province Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 61

71 Table 2.8: Rainfall in Tien Giang province Unit: mm Month Year Total Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec , , , Source: Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Tien Giang province Hours of sunlight The following tables are statistic hours of sunlight at weather stations of three city/ provinces that the transmission line traverses: Table 2.9: Hours of sunlight in Ho Chi Minh city (Tan Son Hoa weather station) Month Year Unit: hour Total Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec , , , Source: Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Ho Chi Minh city Table 2.10: Hours of sunlight in Long An province (Tan An weather station) Unit: hour Month Year Total Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec , , , Source: Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Long An province Table 2.11: Hours of sunlight in Tien Giang province Unit: hour Month Year Total Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2, , Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 62

72 2011 2, Source: Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Tien Giang province Air humidity Table 2.12: Air humidity in Ho Chi Minh city (Tan Son Hoa weather station) Unit: % Month Year Total Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec Source: Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Ho Chi Minh city Table 2.13: Air humidity in Long An province (Tan An weather substation) Unit: % Month Year Total Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec , , , Source: Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Long An Province Table 2.14: Air humidity in Tien Giang province Unit: % Month Year Total Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec Source: Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Tien Giang province Hydrologic Conditions In general hydrological characteristics of the project area affected by oscillated semi-diurnal of the East Coast. a) Ho Chi Minh city Located downstream Dong Nai - Sai Gon river systems: Thanks to Rach Chiec canal system, two rivers Dong Nai and Saigon are connected at the expansion interurban city. One more river of Ho Chi Minh city is Nha Be river, formed at the confluence of Dong Nai and Saigon Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 63

73 rivers, which flows into the East Sea by two main estuaries - Soai Rap and Ganh Rai. In which, Ganh Rai branch is the main waterway for ships into the Saigon harbor. In addition to the main river, Ho Chi Minh city also has an interlacing canal systems such as Lang The, Bau Nong, Tra, Ben Cat, An Ha, Tham Luong, Cau Bong, Nhieu Loc - Thi Nghe, Ben Nghe, Lo Gom, Te, Tau Hu, Doi canal, etc. River and canals systems in Ho Chi Minh city help to irrigate, but due to influence of oscillated semi-diurnal of the East sea, the tide has penetrated deeply and caused adverse impact on agricultural production and restrict drainage in urban areas. b) Long An province Long An is influenced by uneven semidiurnal tide of east sea by Soai Rap estuary. Timing for one tide day is 24 hours 50 minutes; a tide cycle is from 13 to 14 days. The most affected areas are districts toward south of National highway 1A, where the salinity influence from 4-6 months of the year. Thu Thua and Bo Bo canal systems are also an important source of water supply for production and people's lives in Thu Thua district. More than 75% of the area towards northern communes including Long Thanh, Long Thuan, Tan Thanh, My Lac, My Thanh, Long Thanh, and Tan Lap of Thu Thua district are located in the valley of Dong Thap Muoi region, frequently flooded. The system of rivers and canals in Tan An city is relatively interlaced nuanced of the Mekong Delta and affected by semi-diurnal regime of the East sea. The maximum tidal range in month from cm, the maximum tide is 150 cm in December. A tidal cycle is about 13 to 14 days. Because of near estuaries, large tidal amplitude, tidal peak in the early northeast monsoon, so rivers are often salinization c) Tien Giang province Tien Giang has an interlacing network of rivers, canals, and coastline which facilitate the exchange of goods with the neighborhood and the environment for the aquaculture and fishing products. Most of rivers and canals in the province are affected by semi-diurnal tide. Especially, estuary area has very strong tidal activity, tidal amplitude in the estuary from 3.5 to 3.6 m, tidal speed 30km per hour (fold 1.5 times that of Hau River and 3 times that of Red River), the flow rate of an average 0.8 to 0.9 m/s, the largest up to 1.2 m/s and the flow rate down to 1.5 to 1.8 m/s. On the Tien River in My Thuan (102km from the estuary) the largest tidal amplitude from cm, at two major flood months (September and October); the smallest tidal amplitude from cm and two months of the dry season (April and May) the largest tidal amplitude is cm. Tide (max) at My Thuan is 196cm (on 17 October, 1978), tide (min) is minus (-)134cm (on 30 April, 1978). Aluming posibility: Alkaline soil is a special soil that centralized mainly in Mekong Delta, and other areas may exist but just have a little bit area. In aluminated soil areas, the existing aluminated material in soil and aluming material would be oxidized when they are digged out. And these oxidized material would become toxins which causing environmental pollutant. When they are cleared out by rainwater, they will flow into field and canals and generate organic acids to make acid soil environment and other toxins such as iron Fe 2+, aluminum Al 3+, magnesium Mg 2+, sulphate SO 4 2- cause water source pollutant and often occurs in the early of rainy season. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 64

74 Ho Chi Minh city: alkaline soil accounts for 27.5% which are reclamated and exploited to cultivate annual crops such as rice, sugar cane, pineapple, and peanut at suburban districts such as Cu Chi, Hoc Mon and Binh Chanh. Other areas are almost not effected. Tien Giang province: alkaline soil is distributed in lowland of Dong Thap Muoi region, which belong to northen area of three district Cai Be, Cai Lay and Tan Phuoc; with an area of 45,298 ha, accounting for 19.4% of natural area of the whole province. Alkaline soil often has high organic content, contains toxins such as SO 3, SO 4 2-, Fe 2+, Fe 3+, and Al 3+ ; and has high acidity. The toxins in the alkaline soil are changed quite clearly up to seasons. In construction phase, excavating and casting foundations where alum can be leaked then construction unit will be calcultated and considered to give out optimal mitigation measures to minimized spreading out the surrounding areas. With maximum construction timing at each foundation is approximately from 15 to 20 days, then effect of alum (if any) is locally at construction site but not spread out other areas. For these positions are likely to be aluminates along the route, it is just casted foundations by concrete with high strength M200, M250 (depending on location) Pooclan cement type PC30, PC40 and concurrently enhancing a protected concrete layer with a 75mm thick to enhance protection for foundations Present Physical Environmental Qualities Ambient Air and Noise Quality To assess air environmental quality in project area, on 26 and 27 of December, 2012 PECC2 combined with Environmental Protection Center - Vietnam s Environmental Science and Development Institute (VESDEC) to sample and analysis air samples at some positions in project area. Analysis results are presented in the following Table 2.16 and Table Sampling positions are described in the following Table Table 2.15: Ambient air, microclimate and noise sampling positions No. Code X Coordinates Sampling positions 1 KK Cai Lay 220kV substation 2 KK KK KK KK Y Than Binh hamlet, Than Cuu Nghia commune, Chau Thanh district, Tien Giang province 220kV Long An substation, Binh Cang 1 hamlet, Binh Thanh commune, Thu Thua district, Long An province Hamlet 6, Thanh Duc commune, Ben Luc district, Long An province Police office of Tan Tuc township, B2/36 KP2, Tan Tuc township, Binh Chanh district, Ho Chi Minh city 6 KK kV Phu Lam substation Source: VESDEC, December, 2012 Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 65

75 Table 2.16: Monitoring results of microclimate and ambient air quality No Source: VESDEC, December, 2012 Table 2.17: Monitoring result of noise No. Sample code Noise result Laeq (dba) Lmax (dba) Lmin (dba) 1 KK KK KK KK KK KK QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT Source: VESDEC, December, Notes: QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT-National technical regulation on ambient air quality QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on noise Remarks: Code Microclimate indicator Tempe rature (oc) Humid ity (%) Wind speed (m/s) TSP (mg/m 3 ) Ambient air parameter SO2 (mg/m 3 ) NO2 (mg/m 3 ) CO (mg/m 3 ) 1 KK KK KK KK KK KK QCVN 05: 2009/BTNMT Dust: concentration of total dust (TSP) at sampling positions along the route range from 0.28mg/m 3 to 0.42mg/m 3. KK1 position has value equal with allowed value of QCVN 05:02009/BTNMT, dust at positions such as KK2, KK4, KK5, KK6 have value exceed allowed limit, because these sampling positions are near traffic roads. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 66

76 Exhausted gas (SO 2, NO 2 and CO): below: Concentrations of exhausted gas are presented as - Concentrations of SO 2 range from 0.04mg/m 3 to mg/m 3, these values are no exceed allowed values as 0.35mg/m 3 ; - Concentrations of NO 2 range from 0.048mg/m 3 to 0.086mg/m3, these values are lower many times in comparison with allowed values as 0.2mg/m 3 ; - Concentrations of CO range from 2.6mg/m 3 to 7.7mg/m 3, these values are lower many times in comparison with allowed values as 30mg/m 3 Noise level: noise level at sampling positions range from 63.2dBA to 76.8dBA. Allowed value at QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT is 70dBA. In 6 sampling locations, three of positions such as KK4, KK5 and KK6 have values exceed allowed value. The highest value is at KK6 (500kV Phu Lam substation, near National highway 1A). Conclusion: Ambient air quality along the route is relatively good. In general, most monitoring parameters are within permissible limits, except dust content at 4 out of 6 positions are out of acceptable level. Three positions have content of dust and SO2 exceeded the permitted level are KK4, KK5 and KK6 because the location is located near traffic roads Surface Water Quality a) Surface water quality To assess surface water quality, on 26 and 27 of December 2012, PECC2 combined with VESDEC to measure and analysis surface water samples at river and canal positions in project area. Sampling positions and analysis results are presented in the following table. Table 2.18: Surface water sampling positions No. Code 1 NM1 X Coordinates Y Sampling positions Moi hamlet, Long Dinh commune, Chau Thanh district, Tien Giang province 2 NM Tan An 2 bridge (Vam Co Tay river) 3 NM Ben Luc bridge (Vam Co Dong river) 4 NM Boat pier (Cho Dem canal) 5 NM Ba Hom bridge (Nuoc Len canal) Source: VESDEC, June, 2012 Table 2.19: Analysis results of surface water quality No Paramete r Unit Sampling result NM1 NM2 NM3 NM4 NM5 QCVN 08:2008/BTN MT Column B1 1 ph Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 67

77 No Paramete r Unit Sampling result NM1 NM2 NM3 NM4 NM5 QCVN 08:2008/BTN MT Column B1 2 DO mgo2/l BOD5 mgo2/l COD mgo2/l TSS mg/l Cl- mg/l N-NH4+ mg/l N-NO3- mg/l N-NO2- mg/l P-PO43- mg/l Fe mg/l As mg/l Pb mg/l Hg mg/l N/D N/D N/D N/D N/D Oil mg/l N/D N/D N/D N/D T.Colifor m MPN/100m l 17 E.Coli MPN/100m l Source: VESDEC and LEAIII-SRHC, December Notes: N/D: not detected Comments: 2,400 11,000 11,000 2, ,000 7, , ph: value of ph at sampling positions range from 6.62 to 7.58 which are within allowed limit at QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT as at column B1 (water used for irrigation or other purposes require the same water quality). DO: concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water at sampling positions range from 0.3 mgo 2 /l to 4.5 mgo 2 /l. In comparison with allowed limit of DO 4 mgo 2 /l at QCVN 08:2008/BTNMTm, these analysis results are quite low which are out of allowed limit, except NM1 position as 4.5 mgo 2 /l meet the requirements as specified in QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT. Organic pollutant: level of organic pollutant in surface water is presented by parameters such as BOD 5 and COD. Concentrations of BOD 5 range from 4.5 mgo 2 /l to 37.0 mgo 2 /l and concentrations of COD range from 14 mgo 2 /l to 60 mgo 2 /l. According to allowed limit at QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT, at sampling positions such as NM1, NM2, NM3, and NM4 contents of organic pollutant are within allowed limits. At NM5 (Ba Hom river at Nuoc Len Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 68

78 canal) surface water is polluted organic at quite high level. Nutrient pollutant: nutrient pollutant is presented by parameters such as N-NH 4 +, N-NO 3 -, N-NO 2 -, and P-PO In general, at five sampling positions, nutrient pollutant is at low level, except NM5 position has high nutrient pollutant. Concentrations of each parameter are presented as below: - Concentrations of N-NH 4 + range from mg/l to mg/l, and acceptable level at QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT is 0.5 mg/l. At sampling positions such as NM1, NM2, NM3, NM4, concentrations are in allowed limits, only at NM5 position it exceeded allowed limits around 18 times. - Concentrations of N-NO 3- range from mg/l to mg/l, and acceptable level at QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT is 10 mg/l. Thus, value at all sampling positions are within allowed limits. - Concentration of N-NO 2- at all sampling positions range from 0,005mg/l to 0,071 mg/l, and acceptable level at QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT is mg/l. Thus, at all five sampling positions, NM1 and NM2 have values exceeded allowed limit and the rest have values within allowed limit. - Concentration of P-PO 4 3- at all sampling positions range from mg/l to mg/l, and acceptable level at QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT is 0.3 mg/l. Thus, there is monitoring result at NM5 position if it exceeds allowed limit (5.906 mg/l). Heavy metal: level of heavy metal pollutant is presented by parameters such as Fe, As, Pb, and Hg. In general, levels of heavy metals pollutant in the project area are negligible. Contents of parameters are respectively as below: - Contents of Fe range from mg/l to mg/l, and acceptable level is 1.5 mg/l; - Contents of As at five sampling positions range from mg/l to mg/l, and acceptable level at QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT (column B) is 0.05 mg/l; - Contents of Pb at sampling positions range from mg/l to mg/l while acceptable level is 0.05 mg/l; - Contents of Hg at five sampling positions are not detected in surface water. Oil pollutant: four out of five sampling positions of the project in December 2012 are not detected oil content. There is only at NM5 position, content of oil as 5 mg/l exceed allowed limit at column B of QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT as 0.1 mg/l. At NM5 position, surface water is contaminated oil quite high. Microbiological pollutant: level of microbiological pollutant in surface water is presented by parameters of T.Coliform and E.Coli. Contents of T.Coliform at five sampling positions range from 2,100 MPN/100ml to 240,000 MPN/100ml which are exceeded allowed limit at column B of QCVN 08:2008 as 7,500 MPN/100ml. Three out of five sampling positions have contents of E.Coli as 40 MPN/100ml (NM1, NM2, and NM4), at NM3 it reaches 150 MPN/100ml and at NM5 it reaches quite high value as 21,000MPN/100ml which is exceeded allowed limit as 100 MPN/100ml. Thus, surface water quality along the route is contaminated at moderate to high level (at NM5). Conclusion: Surface water quality along the survey area in December 2012 has sign of pollution. At the location NM1, NM2, NM3, NM4 have sign of nutrient pollution and microbial contamination in low and medium level. At position NM5 has sign of organic, nutrient, and Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 69

79 oil pollutions, and microbial contamination at moderate and high level. b) Underground water quality To assess surface water quality in project area, on 26 and 27 of December 2012, PECC2 combined with VESDEC and Laboratory for Environmental Analysis region III Southern Regional Hydrometeorological Center (LEAIII-SRHC) to measure and analysis underground water at 3 positions as below: Table 2.20: Underground water sampling positions No Code Coordinate X Y 1 NN NN NN Sampling positions Household Mr.Tran Thanh Du, 634 Moi hamlet, Long Dinh commune, Chau Thanh district, Tien Giang province Chien Thanh cattle slaughtering, 1/7B My Yen, Ben Luc district, Loang An province Thanh Loi mending car tire 1229 National highway 1A, quarter 5, Binh Tri Dong ward, Binh Tan district, Ho Chi Minh city Source: VESDEC, December, 2012 Table 2.21: Monitoring result of underground water environment No Analyzing criteria Unit Sampling code NN1 NN2 NN3 QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT 1 ph Salinity COD mgo2/l TSS mg/l Cl- mg/l N-NH4+ mg/l N-NO3- mg/l N-NO2- mg/l SO42- mg/l T.Fe mg/l Al mg/l Pb mg/l Hg mg/l N/D N/D N/D Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 70

80 No Analyzing criteria Unit Sampling code NN1 NN2 NN3 QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT 14 As mg/l T. Coliform MPN/100ml E.Coli MPN/100ml N/D N/D N/D N/D Source: VESDEC and LEAIII-SRHC. Notes: - QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on underground water quality - N/D: not detected Remarks: From the analysis of groundwater quality along the route through three provinces as Ho Chi Minh city, Long An and Tien Giang provinces in December 2012 can remark as follows: - Underground water at three sampling positions have values of ph are quite stable (range from 6.09 to 6.71) and in allowed limits of QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT as from 5.5 to 8.5; - The level of organic pollution characterized by concentrations of COD in groundwater. In December 2012, concentrations of COD at three sampling positions have values respectively as follows: at NN1 as 4mg O2/liter, at NN2 as 3mg O 2 /liter, and at NN3 as 3mgO 2 /liter. The values of the three positions equal to or lower than allowed limit at QCVN 09:2008/MONRE as 4mg O 2 /liter; - Level of nutritive pollution is showed parameters such as N-NH4+, N-NO3-, and N- NO2-. The specific values in sampling period at three positions as follows: N-NH 4+ range from mg/l to mg/l which are lower than allowed limit as 0.1mg/l; value of N- NO 3- range from mg/l to mg/l which are lower many times than allowed limit at QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT as 15 mg/l; value of N-NO 2- range from mg/l to mg/l, and acceptable value as 1mg/l. Underground water quality at all three sampling positions in December, 2012 have not sign of nutritive pollution yet; - Ions in underground water include Cl- and SO42-, contents of ion in underground water are respectively: content of Cl- at NN2 position as mg/l which is lower many times in comparison with allowed limit, at NN1 position as mg/l and at NN3 positions as mg/l which is higher many times in comparison with allowed limit as 250mg/l, high 2- contents of ion Cl- show that signs of salinity; content of SO 4 range from 7.875mg/l to mg/l which are lower than acceptable level at QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT as 400mg/l; - Contents of heavy metal in underground water are respectively: contents of Fe range from mg/l to mg/l (at NN2), value at NN2 position is exceeded allowed limit at QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT as 5 mg/l; Hg is not detected; As is detected at low level and reached allowed value of national technical regulation on underground water. Thus, contents of heavy metal at sampling positions have low value except at NN2 has high content of Fe; - Level of microbiological pollutant is presented by parameter of total Coliform and E.Coli, specific values as below: T.Coliform at NN1 as 23 MPN/100ml is higher than allowed limit at QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT (3 MPN/100ml), at the rest positions, values are in allowed limits; E.Coli at three sampling positions are not detected. Thus, there is only at NN1 position has sign of microbiological pollutant. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 71

81 Conclusion: According to the analysis results in Table 2.19, groundwater quality in the project area at three sampling monitoring points is quite good. There has no sign of organic and nutrient pollution yet. At NN1 location, content of T.Coliform is high and at NN2 location, content of Fe is higher in comparison with allowed level in QCVN 09:2008/MONRE on groundwater quality Existing Biological Resource Terrestrial biota along the route Along the route, research team surveyed around 14 crossovers among the TL and road routes, detail as below: 1/ Crossover with National Highway No.1A at Phu Lam 500kV substation - Flora: survey area has habitat of conceqcvnated population and alternating grasslands characterized by a high diversity of cultivated plants and exotic ornamental plants. Some cultivated trees such as Cocos nucifera, Terminalia catappa, etc; and ornamental plants such as Chrysalidocarpus lutescens. Component of grass and shrub species consist of Imperata cylindrical, Mimosa pudica, Mimosa diplotricha, and Amaranthus spinosus. - Fauna: popular species are Passer montanus, Rattus flavipectus, Mus musculus, Hemidactylus platyurus, Mabuya longicaudata, Mabuya multifasciata. 2/ Crossover with Hoang Phan Thai street, Binh Chanh district, Ho Chi Minh city - Flora: survey area has sparse populated habitat and alternating grasslands and some small orchards. Cultivated trees are shade trees such as Terminalia catappa; fruit tree consist of Mangifera indica, Musa sp., Artocarpus heterophyllus and some forest trees such as Acacia auriculaeformis. Grass and shrub species are mainly popular ones such as Mimosa pudica, Mimosa diplotricha, Cynodon dactylum, Setaria pallide-fusa, Eupatorium odoratum, Ageratum conyzoides, Amaranthus spinosus, Ipomoea aquatica, Annona glabra, etc. - Fauna: popular species are Passer montanus, Rattus flavipectus, Mus musculus, Hemidactylus platyurus, Mabuya longicaudata, Mabuya multifasciata, Bufo melanostictus, and Hoplobatrachus rugulosus. 3/ Crossover with Nguyen Huu Tri street, Tan Tuc township, Binh Chanh district, Ho Chi Minh city - Flora: survey area has sparse populated habitat and alternating paddy field and some small orchards. Cultivated trees are mainly Oryza sativa; and cultivated shade trees such as Terminalia catappa; fruit trees consist of Cocos nucifera, Musa sp. and some forest trees such as acacia auriculaeformis, Eucalyptus sp.. Grass and shrub species are mainly popular ones such as Mimosa pudica, Mimosa diplotricha, Cynodon dactylum, Imperata cylindrical, Amaranthus spinosus, Ipomoea aquatica, and Annona glabra. - Fauna: consists of Passer montanus, Rattus flavipectus, Mus musculus, Mabuya multifasciata, and Hoplobatrachus rugulosus. 4/ Crossover with Vam Co Dong river at Ben Luc bridge, Ben Luc district, Long An province - Flora: survey area has river habitat with popular vegetable species such as Nipa fruticans, Annona glabra, Cocos nucifera, Polygonum pulchrum, Eichhornia crassipes, Colocasia esculenta, and Panicum repens. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 72

82 - Fauna: popular animal species consist of Passer montanus, Egretta garzetta, Centropus sinensis, Hirundo rustica, Pycnonotus jocosus, Xenochrophis piscato, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, Kaloula pulchra, and Fejervarya limnocharis. 5/ Crossover at Hamlet 6, Thanh Duc commune, Ben Luc district, Long An province - Flora: survey area has paddy field habitat and sparse residential area with small orchard. The diversity of native plants in this habitat is low. Cultivated crops are mainly Oryza sativa) and some fruit trees such as Cocos nucifera, Mangifera indica, Musa sp., Artocarpus heterophyllus; and shade trees such as Flamboyant tree, and Muntingia calabura. Natural vegetation are mainly species that developed following agricultural land such as Commellna difiusa, Ludwidgia adscendens, Ludwidgia octovalvis, Polygonum persicaria and some other species which belongs to Cyperus genus. - Fauna: animal has only Rattus argentiventer and Mus caroli. Popular species are Egretta garzetta, Passer montanus, and Centropus sinensis. A few species of amphibians and reptiles were recorded in the survey such as Bufo melanostictus, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, and Kaloula pulchra. 6/ Crossover with Provincial road No.836, Nhi Thanh commune, Thu Thua district, Long An province - Flora: survey area has paddy field habitat and sparse residential area with small orchards. Cultivated trees are mainly Oryza sativa and some fruit trees such as Cocos nucifera, Carica papaya, Musa sp., and Artocarpus heterophyllus. Component of natural grass and shrub species are mainly popular ones such as Mimosa pudica, Mimosa diplotricha, Amaranthus spinosus, Ipomoea aquatica, Annona glabra, Cymbopogon, and Manihot esculentum. - Fauna: consists of Rattus argentiventer, Mus caroli, Egretta garzetta, Passer montanus, Bufo melanostictus, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, and Kaloula pulchra. 7/ Crossover with National Highway No.1A at Long An 220kV substation - Flora: survey area has grassland habitat, small pond and small orchard. Cultivated trees are mainly Cocos nucifera, Carica papaya, Musa sp., and Artocarpus heterophyllus; some shrub, grass and small fauna species such as Annona glabra, Eichhornia crassipes, Panicum repens, and Ipomoea aquatica. - Fauna: Rattus argentiventer, Mus caroli, Passer montanus, Bufo melanostictus, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, and Kaloula pulchra. 8/ Crossover with National Highway No.62, Tan An city, Long An province - Flora: survey area has concentrated population with vacant land and some fruit trees. Main cultivated trees are fruit tree which consist of Mangifera indica, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Cocos nucifera. Grass and shrub species are mainly popular ones such as Mimosa pudica, Mimosa diplotricha, Setaria pallide-fusa, Eupatorium odoratum, Ageratum conyzoides, and Amaranthus spinosus. - Fauna: Popular species are Passer montanus, Rattus flavipectus, Mus musculus, Hemidactylus platyurus, Mabuya longicaudata, Bufo melanostictus, and Hoplobatrachus rugulosus. 9/ Crossover with Provincial road 866, Tieng Giang province - Flora: survey area has concentrated population habitat with some fruit trees. Cultivated trees are frui trees such as Mangifera indica, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Musa sp. and some grass and shrub species such as Mimosa pudica, and Mimosa diplotricha. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 73

83 - Fauna: Popular species are Passer montanus, Rattus flavipectus, Mus musculus, Bufo melanostictus, and Hoplobatrachus rugulosus. 10/ Crossover with Provincial road 878, Than Cuu Nghia commune, Chau Thanh district, Tien Giang province - Flora: survey area has concentrated population with some fruit trees. Cultivated trees are frui trees such as Mangifera indica, Musa sp., Syzygium semarangense, Cocos nucifera; and some shade trees such as Flamboyant tree and Terminalia catappa; and some grass and shrub species such as Mimosa pudica, Mimosa diplotricha, Amaranthus spinosus, Sida acuta, and Typhonium trilobatum. - Fauna: popular species are Passer montanus, Rattus flavipectus, Mus musculus, Bufo melanostictus, and Hoplobatrachus rugulosus. 11/ Crossover with inter-hamlet road and Xang canal at Long Dinh commune, Chau Thanh district, and Tien Giang province - Flora: survey area has habitat of sparse population with small orchards and canal corridor. Orchards include Mangifera indica, Musa sp., Cocos nucifera, and sugar cane; some shade trees such as Terminalia catappa. Popular vegetation species along Xang canal consist of Acacia auriculaeformis, Eucalyptus sp., Melaleuca cajuputi, Annona glabra, Cocos nucifera, Musa sp., Nipa fruticans, Eichhornia crassipes, Colocasia esculenta, and Panicum repens. - Fauna: popular species are Passer montanus, Rattus flavipectus, Mus musculus, Egretta garzetta, Centropus sinensis, Hirundo rustica, Pycnonotus jocosus, Dicrurus paradiseus, Xenochrophis piscato, Bufo melanostictus, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, Kaloula pulchra, and Fejervarya limnocharis. 12/ Crossover with inter-hamlet road at Nhi My commune, Cai Lay district, Tien Giang province - Flora: survey area has habitat of sparse population with small orchards and fishpond. Orchard included Musa sp., Cocos nucifera, and Artocarpus heterophyllus. Some grass and shrub species such as Mimosa pudica, Mimosa diplotricha, Amaranthus spinosus, and Panicum repens. - Fauna: Popular species are Passer montanus, Rattus flavipectus, Mus musculus, Centropus sinensis, Xenochrophis piscato, Bufo melanostictus, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, Kaloula pulchra, and Fejervarya limnocharis. 13/ Crossover with National Highway No.1A at quarter No.5, Cai Lay district, Tien Giang province - Flora: survey area has habitat of sparse population and garden. Cultivated trees are mainly shade trees such as Terminalia catappa, Mangifera indica, Musa sp., Artocarpus heterophyllus, Syzygium semarangense, Cocos nucifera and some forest trees such as Acacia auriculaeformis, Eucalyptus sp., and Khaya senegalensis. Component of grass and shrub species are mainly popular ones such as Mimosa pudica, Mimosa diplotricha, Cynodon dactylum, Eupatorium odoratum, Ageratum conyzoides, Amaranthus spinosus, and Manihot esculentum. - Fauna: Popular species are Passer montanus, Centropus sinensis, Bufo melanostictus, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, Xenochrophis piscator, Trimeresurus stejnegeri; and Mus musculus. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 74

84 14/ Crossover with National Highway No.1A at Cai Lay 220kV substation - Flora: this area has concentrated residential area habitat and some small orchards. Main cultivated trees are shade trees such as Terminalia catappa, and fruit trees such as Mangifera indica, Musa sp., Cocos nucifera and some forest trees such as Acacia auriculaeformis, Eucalyptus sp., and Khaya senegalensis. Component of grass and shrub species are mainly popular one such as Mimosa diplotricha, Cynodon dactylum, Eupatorium odoratum, Ageratum conyzoides, and Amaranthus spinosus. - Fauna: popular species are Passer montanus, Bufo melanostictus, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, and Mus musculus. Remarks: In general, impact of the project on terrestrial biological resource is not large because of the following reasons - Most of the length of the TL traverse field habitat adjacent to the infrastructure of urban and residential areas, thus natural ecosystem is no longer existed. - Habitats in the study area of the project are mostly artificial habitats such as grassland, rice fields, gardens, forest gardens and residential area. They are not agglomeration that has high value on biological diversity and conservation. The natural habitat is almost no longer existed, only a few remnants of natural vegetation along rivers corridors or on the flooded grassland with narrow area; - In the study area, the large mammal which have conservation value are no longer existed; - Bird populations in the study area contain mostly popular birds, these birds are relatively adapted to the presence of the existing TL and artificial areas; - Groups of amphibians and reptiles in the region remain mostly fairly common species of ecosystem fields and canals corridor Aquatic biota along the route To assess aquatic biota within areas along the route, the research team surveyed aquatic systems at Xang canal, Vam Co Tay river, Vam Co Dong river, Cho Dem canal, and Nuoc Len canal. a) Phytoplankton Species structural component Table 2.22: Species structural component of phytoplankton Algae branches Number of species Percentage (%) Cyanophyt Chrysophyta Chlorophyta Euglenophyta Dinophyta Total Source: VESDEC, December, 2012 Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 75

85 Analysis of species structural components of phytoplankton at canals in the project area shows that Chrysophyta - Bacillariophyceae have up to 43 species, equivalent to half of total collected species (50.6%) characteristics of aquatorium that influenced strongly of the East sea s tide and can divided to three different groups as below: - Group of marine invasive species consists of Melosira islandica, Melosira sulcata, Cyclotella stylorum, Coscinodiscus lacustris, Coscinodiscus subtilis, Leptocylindrus danicus, Gyrosigma littorale, and Nitzschia lorenziana, etc. - Group of indicator species for acid water environment consists of Eunotia robusta, Eunotia tautonensis, Navicula clementis, Navicula palpebralis, Pinnularia divergens, Pinnularia viridis, Closteriopsis longissima, Actinastrum hantzschii, Closterium acutum, Cosmarium botrytis, Staurastrum nanator, and Arthrodesmus triangularis. - Group of indicator species for rich and organic contamination environment includes all Cyanophyta; Euglenophyta; and Bacillariophyceae species consist of Melosira granulate, Melosira islandica, Melosira sulcata, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Cyclotella stylorum, Stephanodiscus sp., Synedra actinastroides, Nitzchia acicularis, Nitzchia longissima, Nitzchia lorenziana, Nitzchia tryblionella, Pleodorina, Eudorina elegans, Pediastrum biradiatum, and Scenedesmus (4 species). Quantity Quantity of phytonplankton is from 34,700 to 183,200 individual per liter, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Eunotia sp. indicate for acid water and organic contamination environment predominate. b) Zooplankton Species structural component Table 2.23: Species structural component of zooplankton Branches Number of species Percentage (%) Rotatoria Cladocera Copepoda Ostracoda Larva Total Source: VESDEC, December 2012 Similarly phytonplankton, species components of zooplankton includes the three following groups: - Group of invasive species from estuary to canal within project area has only Schmackeria bulbosa (Pseudodiaptomidae - Copepoda). - Group of indicator species for acid water environment consist of Lepadella patella, Macrothrix triserialis, Ilyocryptus halyi, Oxyurella singalensis, and Alona davidi. This group is scattered at Vam Co Tay river, Vam Co Dong river and Cho Dem canal. - Group of indicator species for organic contamination environment from average contamination to many contaminations included 6 out of 7 rotatoria species such as Philodina roseola, Rotaria rotaries, Rotaria neptunia, Polyarthra vulgaris, Brachionus urceus, Filinia Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 76

86 longiseta; cladocera species such as Bosminopsis longirostris and Moina dubia; and copepod species such as Mesocyclops leuckarti and Thermocyclops hyalinus. Quantity: Quantity of zooplankton is not large, from 1,600 to 4,000 individual/m 3. Copeposa species such as Schmackeria bulbosa, and Thermocyclops hyalinus; and larva as nauplius copepoda is dominant at Xang canal (Long Dinh commune area), Vam Co Tay river, Vam Co Dong river, and Cho Dem canal. Rotifera belongs to family Philodinidae such as Philodina roseola, Rotaria neptunia indicate for very contamination environment which dominate at Nuoc Len canal. c) Large-size invertebrate in the bottom Species structural component Table 2.24: Species structural component of large-size invertebrate in the bottom Braches Number of species Percentage (%) Polychaeta Oligochaeta Gastropoda Bivalvia Insecta Total Source: VESDEC, 12/2012 Species structural component of large-size invertebrate atxáng canal (Long Dinh area), Vam Co Tay river (Tan An city), Vam Co Dong river (Ben Luc district), Cho Dem canal (Tan Tuc commune), and Nuoc Len canal consist of the three following groups: - Group of marine invasive species consists of two polychaeta species such as Nephthys polybranchia and Namalycastis abiuma; and snail species -Sermyla tornatella. These species may move to completely freshwater aquarium; - Group of indicator species for acid water environment consists of two red mosquito larvae species such as Ablabesmyia sp. and Cryptochironomus sp. which are distributed at Xang canal and Vam Co Dong river; - Group of indicator species for organic contamination environment consists of oligochaete species such as Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Branchiara sowerbyi; mussel- Corbicula tenuis, and snail such as Sermyla tornatella and Melanoides tuberculatus. Quantity Quantity of large-size invertebrate in the bottom is from 0 to 240 individual/m 2. Two sampling positions at Cho Dem canal and Nuoc Len canal are very containmination with rotten black mud, thus there are no large-size invertebrate in the bottom. Oligochaeta - Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri indicates for water environment from average containmination to very containmination, and dominates at all three sampling positions at Xang canal, Vam Co Tay river, and Vam Co Dong river. Conclusion: Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 77

87 Basing on analysis of species structural component of aquatic, indicator species, dominant species at canals where the project passing through, it is identified that water environment within the area are light brackish and aluminated water Natural reserves where the route traverses Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve: Can Gio Biosphere Reserve is a population including terrestrial and aquatic forest flora and fauna, is formed at downstream of Dong Nai Sai Gon river system is located at the South- East gateway of HCMC, around 40km away from HCMC. Can Gio Biosphere Reserve bounded by Dong Nai on the north, East sea on the south, provinces of Tien Giang and Long An on the west and Ba Ria Vung Tau province on the east. Total area of Can Gio mangrove forest biosphere reserve is 75,740 hecta, in which the score area is 4,721 hecta, the buffer zone is 41,139 hecta, and the transitional area is 29,880 hecta. Can Gio mangrove forest has a very special environmental condition; this is an intermediary ecosystem (buffer system) between the underwater ecosystem and the terrestrial ecosystem, the freshwater ecosystem and the salt water ecosystem. Can Gio mangrove forest receives a large amount of sediment from Dong Nai river, along with the influence of the adjacent sea and tide that flora is abundant with over 150 species, becomes a source of food and shelter for many aquatic species, fish and other vertebrate. Dong Thap Muoi medicine reserve: Dong Thap Muoi medicine reserve is located in Binh Phong Thanh commune, Moc Hoa district, Long An province, 110km away from Ho Chi Minh city, 60km away from Tan An town in road, with the area of 1,041 hecta in which 800 hecta is primeval Melaleuca forest, 100 hecta is a wide pond (in dry season). In the reserve region, there are around 21 kinds of vascular plants and the native fauna of Dong Thap Muoi such as stork, heron, painted stork, little cormorant, crane etc. Lang Sen wetland reserve: Lang Sen wetland reserve in Dong Thap Muong, in the area of Vinh Loi and Vinh Dai commune, Tan Hung district, Long An province. Lang Sen has a natural area over 5,000hecta; in which a natural limitation that rather special is a isle with the width of 1,500hecta. This is a diversified ecological area, typically for the flooded wetland area with a wild flora and fauna system, having many species in the red list. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 78

88 Figure 1.2: Location of natural reserves in the subproject area The reserves are located out of the scope affected by activities of the subproject and away from the transmission line. Specifically, Can Gio mangrove biosphere reserve is 30km away from the transmission line towards the South East; Dong Thap Muoi Medicine reserve is 35km away from the transmission towards the North - West; and Lang Sen wetland reserve is around 58km away from the transmission line towards the North-West. Therefore, activities of the subproject completely do not affect the above-mentioned reserves SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS To survey socio-economy of Rehabilitation and Upgrading Phu Lam Cai Lay No.2 220kV TL project, survey team collected socio-economic data of districts within project area. As mentioned above, total length of the transmission line is approximately 71.83km which traverses 23 administrations at commune/ ward levels which belong to districts of three (03) provinces/ city towards South North, detail as below: Ho Chi Minh city: - Tan Tao ward Binh Tan district - Tan Nhut and Tan Tuc communes Binh Chanh district Long An Province: - Thanh Phu and Thanh Duc communes Ben Luc district - Nhi Thanh and Binh Thanh communes Thu Thua district - Huong Tho Phu commune, and ward 2, 4 and Khanh Hau ward Tan An city Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 79

89 Tien Giang province: - Than Cuu Nghia, Long Dinh and Diem Hy communes Chau Thanh district - Tan Hoi and Nhi My communes Cai Lay district Common economic condition in project area Ho Chi Minh city The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Ho Chi Minh city in 2011 reached VND billion, increased 21% in comparison with that of the previous year. Industrial production value accounted for VND billion. In which, extractive industry accounted for 0.5% of GDP; agro-industry accounted for 97.68% and electrical and water producing and distributing industry accounted for 2.07%. Agricultural, forestry and aquacultural production values in 2011 reached VND 11,113,219 billion increased 23.34% in comparison with that of 2010: - Agricultural production value reached VND8,801,492 billion, increased 25.92% in comparison with that of the previous year. In which, farming reached VND 2,755,191 million, breeding reached VND 5,311,764 million, agricultural service reached VND 734,537 million. - Forestry production value reached VND billion, increased 3% in comparison with that of In which, forestation and growing value was VND 9,670 million; exploitation of forest products was VND 99,693 million; and other forestry s was VND 10,555 million. - Aquacultural production value reached VND 2,191,809 billion, increased 15.13% in comparison with that of the previous year. In which, aquaculture was VND1,626,803 million, fishing was VND465,769 million, and fishery service was VND99,237 million. Cultivation area of some crops in 2011 in Ho Chi Minh city as below: - Rice: 22,057 ha; - Maize: 647 ha; - Carbohydrate plant for tuber (manioc, sweet potato, and others): 159 ha; - Vegetation and bean: 9,820 ha; - Annual industrial plant (peanut, tobacco tree, sugar cane, and others): 2,512 ha; - Other annual plants: 4,524 ha Number of cattle and poultry of Ho Chi Minh city: - Buffalo: 5,091; - Beef: 102,343; - Horse: 150; - Pig: 309,704; - Goat: 2,159; - Rabbit: 7,039; - Poultry: 222,276. (Source: Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Ho Chi Minh city) Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 80

90 Binh Tan District: In recent years the economy of Binh Tan district have had high growth rates, the total production value of all branches in 2010 reached VND1, billion, increased VND billion in comparison with that of 2009, reaching % of development speed. The current economic structure of Binh Tan district shifted towards Industry Service Agriculture. Industry Handicraft: Currently there are 03 industrial estates such as Tan Tao Industrial zone, Vinh Loc and Pouyuen and more than 3,500 production bases interspersed in residential areas, with total area is ha, accounting for 15.4% of total district area. The whole district has 24 warehouses which mainly distributed along main traffic roads such as Kinh Duong Vuong street, National Highway No.1A, An Duong Vuong street, etc. These warehouses are located in comfortable positions for flow of goods among the city and provinces of Mekong Delta and Southeast area. Trade Service: Trade and service branch have 3,960 premises, in which trade has 2,690 premises accounting for 67.9%, and service has 1,270 premises accounting for 32.1%. Premises belong to individual households are 3,684 premises accounting for 93.0%, privately-own company: 108 premises (2.7%), limited companies are 154 (3,9%), and 11 joint stock companies (0.3%). Regarding to statistic data in 2011, number of non-state premises is 5,295 premises, in which: - Collective business: 11 business with 779 labors; - Privately-own company: 533 companies with 5,979 labors; - Limited company: 533 companies with 75,522 labors; - Joint stock company with state capital: 7 companies with 1,691 labors; - Joint stock company without state capital: 429 companies with 19,264 labors. The whole district has 21 markets which included 06 planned ones and 15 spontaneous ones. In which, An Lac market is a large one, which functioned as a meat focal market of the city. Besides markets, there is Big C supermarket located in An Lac ward with an area of 2.24ha (total area is 13 ha), Co.op Mart supermarket located in Binh Tri Dong B ward and other commercial services in gross such as retail basis, family services, etc. are also developed, forming an extensive network in residential areas to meet daily keep of the local people. Agriculture Aquaculture: The area of agricultural land reduced sharply due to the impact of urbanization and the development of infrastructure projects, so the value of agricultural - aquacultural production tends to decrease over the years. However, the current total value of agricultural production reached VND billion (2010) increased by VND7.403 billion in comparison with that of in 2009 due to increasing production value of livestock sector. - Farming: in recent years due to the advent of industrial parks and residential areas, agricultural land has decreased significantly. Agricultural land in 2005 was 2,390.5 ha, up to 2010 it has remained 1,571.8 ha. Cultivated area of paddy: 288 ha with a capacity of 33.5 quintal/ha reached production of 966 tonnes; cultivated area of vegetation: 16 ha with a capacity of 250 quintal/ha reached production of 400 tonnes; Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 81

91 - Breeding: mainly livestock household. Currently, there are 6,334 pigs, 1,045 dairy cows, 61,250 poultry, and an area of 60 ha water surface for aquaculture with a capacity of 2.5 tonnes/ha, equivalent with fish capacity of 150 tonnes. And a pig herd over two-months with 5,950 head. (Source: Tan Binh District People s Committee and Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Ho Chi Minh City) Binh Chanh District: The economic situation of Binh Chanh district in recent years has had many positive changes. The industrial production value of the non-state sector in 2011 reached VND 4,585,036 million. Number of non-state premises in 2011 is 2,804 premises, in which: - Collective business: 8 businesses with 109 laborers; - Privately-own company: 436 companies with 5,132 laborers; - Limited company: 2,103 companies with 33,554 laborers; - Joint stock company with state capital: 2 companies with 1,190 laborers; - Joint stock company without state capital: 255 companies with 15,483 laborers. Regarding agricultural production, although it is heavily influenced by the speed of urbanization industrialization, Binh Chanh district is still have the second large area of agricultural production within Ho Chi Minh city (after Cu Chi district). Rice production area of the district was 6,212 hectares Long An Province Economic situation of Long An Province in 2011 was statistics for agriculture, forestry, fisheries, industry, construction, trade and service sectors as below: - Agriculture, forestry, and aquaculture sector (sector I) increased 5.2% which achieved the plan (from 1 to 1.2%) and higher than that of 2010 (5%), in which agriculture increased 5.7%, forestry increased 1.4% and aquaculture increased 3.4%. Farming increased 8% due to bumper crop, bumper price, farmers received benefits, in which, especially rice; most crops production increased in comparison with those of the previous year. Breeding with buffalo and bull herd, poultry and aquaculture all increased in comparison with those of 2010; only pig herd decreased because disease caused severe damage and has recovered very slowly. - Industry and construction sector (sector II) increased 17.5% which not achieved the plan (from 21 to 21.5%); in which, industry increased 17.6% and construction increased 17%. Industrial production value obtained 97.6% of the plan, increased 17.7% in comparison with that of Trade and service sector (sector III) increased 12.1% which not achieved the plan (from 12.5 to 13% and in 2010 increased 12.3%), in which trade increased 11.5% and service increased 12.4%. Total retail sales and service reached 100.3% of plan and increased 26.3% in comparison with that of Export value obtained 114.3% of plan and increased 33.7% in comparison with that of Import value reached 120.5% of plan and increased 21.4% in comparison with that of Domestic market audit and price control; and antismuggling are regularly maintained, handled many cases of violation of the provisions of law. - Pump-priming was reached 34.8% of GDP, which has not reached 42% of plan by domestic investment plunged. Investment in capital construction in 2011 has many positive Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 82

92 changes in administration and implementation tasks of branches and People's Committees at alllevels. By the end of the year, implementation and disbursement quantities at provincial and district level management and state bonds reached 100% of plan. Domestic and foreign investment was increased significant. The review of investment progress, inspection, environmental inspection were carried out by functional agencies to implement regularly. Area of land use across the province: Table 2.25: Current status of land use in Long An province No. Categories of land Area (ha) I Agricultural land 361, Production agricultural land 309, Annual crop land 292, Perennial tree land 17, Forestry land 43, Production forest land 39, Protection forest land 1, Special-use forest land 2,000 3 Aquaculture land 8, Other agricultural land II Non-agricultural land 87, Residential land 23, Urban residential land 3, Rural residential land 20, Specialized land 43, Land for building the province s working offices and non-business works Land for defense and security Land for production purpose and business non-agriculture 10, Land for public purpose 31, Land of religious and belief establishments Land for cemeteries 1, Lake and stream land and land with special-use water surface 19, Other non-agricultural lands Source: Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Long An Province Area of cultivated plant is 543,186 ha, in which: Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 83

93 - Annual tree : 533,026 ha Food plant Industrial plant : 489,140 ha : 24,556 ha - Perennial tree : 10,160 ha Perennial industrial plant Fruit tree : 1,550 ha : 8,564 ha Area, capacity, and production of grain crops: Table 2.26: Grain crop No Categories of crops Area (ha) Capacity (quintal /ha) Production (tonne) 1 Total 489, ,576,532 2 Rice 484, ,550,597 3 Maize 4, ,935 Source: Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Long An Province Table 2.27: Area and production of some cultivated plant of Long An Province No Categories of crops Area (ha) Production (tonne) 1 Rice ~winter-spring harvest 254,014 1,485,970 ~summer-autumn harvest 220,151 1,031,472 season rice 10,046 33,155 2 Maize 4,929 25,935 3 Sweet potato 151 1,197 4 Manioc 1,467 15,448 5 Vegetation and bean 13, ,952 Source: Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Long An Province Table 2.28: Area and production of some annual industrial plant No Categories of crops Area (ha) Production (tonne) 1 Jute 3,330 6,222 2 Papyrus 275 2,089 3 Sugarcane 12, ,195 4 Arachis 6,188 15,051 5 Tobacco plant Sesame 1, Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 84

94 Source: Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Long An province Table 2.29: Quantities of cattle and poultry of Long An province in 2011 No Species Quantity (head) 1 Buffalo 14,923 2 Bull 78,835 3 Pig 266,879 4 Goat 5,032 5 Poultry 12,794 Source: Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Long An province Ben Luc district: Basically, economy of the district is divided into two (02) area as below: - The southern part of the distric with convenient highway and waterway traffic systems has potential advantages of industrial development, trade - service, crowded densely populated, urban areas and many areas industrial clusters, thus it should be able consider as "dynamics geography for development of the district. - The north is primarily agricultural with the main crop is sugarcane, lemon, and pineapple, etc. Recently, with the development of the province, many areas - industrial zones are formed along the provincial road 830 makes many changes for economic situation of this region. Area and production of some cultivated crops of the district in 2011: Table 2.30: Area and production of some crops of Ben Luc district in 2011 No Categories of crops Area (ha) Production (tonne) 1 Rice 10,246 41,768 2 Manioc 365 4,260 3 Vegetation and bean 272 4,798 4 Cyperaceae Sugarcane 8, ,056 6 Pineapple 447 7,506 Number of cattle herd of the district in 2011 as below: - Buffalo: 125; - Bull: 1,291; - Pig: 28,370. (Source: Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Long An Province) Thu Thua District: Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 85

95 In economic geography partition of Long An province, the north of Thu Thua district belongs to sub-partition IV (included Thanh Hoa, north of Thu Thua and a part of Tan Thanh districts). Direction of economic development is mainly agriculture - forestry which is a leading commercial rice producer and Melaleuca leucadendra cultivation. And the south of Thu Thua district belongs to sub-partition V (included Tan Tru district, Chau Thanh district, Tan An city, the south of Thu Thua district, the west of Vam Co Dong of Ben Luc district). The direction of economic development of the south is production high yielding and specialty rice, diversification crops on paddy field, and thriving livestock with species such as pig, industrial chicken, beef cow and dairy cow. Table 2.31: Area and production of some crops of Thu Thua pistrict in 2011 No Categories of crops Area (ha) Production (ton) 1 Rice 32, ,679 2 Manioc 473 7,104 3 Vegetation, bean 562 9,587 4 Sugarcane 2, ,374 5 Pineapple 128 1,120 6 Maize Sweet potato 1 5 Number of cattle herd of the district as below: - Buffalo: 26; - Beef: 801; - Pig: 14,885. Source: Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Long An province Tan An city: Tan An city is the gateway of Ho Chi Minh city to the western provinces, which impact directly on the service sectors of the city. Ho Chi Minh city is where the demand for goods is very large. Thus, it creates powerful impact on production and supply of agricultural products, strong development processing of industrial goods in Tan An city. Economic activity of Tan An city in the past years has been good development, especially in industry, trade and services. Tan An is the motivation for industry of the Long An to develop with a range of premises having foreign investment in the province. The average annual economic growth pace according to GDP in the province was 11.4% in , in which it was 10.7% in and it was 12% in Table 2.32: Area and production of some crops of Tan An city in 2011 No Categories of crops Area (ha) Production (ton) 1 Rice 9,640 45,555 2 Vegetation and bean 247 4,154 Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 86

96 Cattle herd of the city in 2011contains: - Buffalo: 23; - Beef: 3,681; - Pig: 1,484. (Source: Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Long An province) Tien Giang province The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of quarter I of 2012 is around VND 4,069 billion, increasing 9% in comparison with the quarter I of 2011 (expectation in increasing from %). Agriculture, forestry and aquaculture sector: increase 5,1% in comparison with the quarter I of 2011 Industry and Construction sector: increase 14% in comparison with the quarter I of Service: increase 10.3% in comparison with the quarter I of Security - defense are continued to hold strongly. Administrative inspection, and justice, etc. reforms are focused direction and achieve progresses. Current status of land use in 2011 of the province as below: Table 2.33: Current status of land use in Tien Giang province No. Categories of land Area (ha) I Agricultural land 191, Production agricultural land 178, Annual crop land 93, Perennial tree land 84, Forestry land 5, Production forest land 4, Protection forest land 1, Special-use forest land Aquaculture land 7, Other agricultural lands II Non-agricultural land 50, Residential land 9, Urban residential land Rural residential land 8, Specialized land 21, Land for building the province s working offices and non-business works Land for defense and security 2, Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 87

97 No. Categories of land Area (ha) and business non- Land for production agriculture purpose 1, Land for public purpose 17, Land of religious and belief establishments Land for cemeteries Non-agricultural land 2.47 III Unused land 9, Source: Statistic Yearbook in 2011, Tien Giang province Chau Thanh district: Agriculture: is mainly orchard economy with an area of km 2 which cultivates plants such as sapodilla, longan, and other citrus plants with annual production about 135,000 tons. Industry: the district has 709 cottage industrial production and business premises with total capital as VND billion, and supply work for 18,642 labors. Currently, there is Song Thuan industrial zone with an area of 5 ha, and Tam Hiep industrial zone is planned with an area of 80 ha. Trade: the district has 18 markets, in which there is one wholesale market named Vinh Kim. It has very large exchange trading. And the district is calling for expansion investment. Service: service types are relatively diverse and meet requirements of production and consumption. Also, there are historical monuments such as Long Hung hall, Rach Gam - Xoai Mut which have possibility of tourism development associated with traditional education Cai Lay district: Beside rice, Cai Lay has many fruit trees in the garden. Being swelled by the Tien River and irrigation canal system, with abundant fresh water, and fertile land, thus the orchards in this district successive strips into a vast area in the south with famous fruitrees such as durian (in Ngu Hiep isle), orange, tangerine, rambutan, longan, etc. Industrial and cottage industrial sectors in the district focuses on serving agriculture - farmers - country, which is highlighted in milling, food processing, food export, agricultural and fishery machinery mechanic, and handicraft villages, etc. Trade and services sectors are quite developed because the district is located on the National Highway 1A. Cai Lay town is bustling shopping center. In general development plan of the province, Cai Lay district will be upgraded to the western town of Tien Giang province Social conditions Ho Chi Minh city a) Binh Tan district Population, population density and labors: Binh Tan district has total natural area is km 2, and population is 611,170 people. The average population is 11,778 people/km 2. Due to the impact of urbanization process, Binh Tan district's population increased rapidly in recent years are mainly mechanical growth. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 88

98 Total natural area of Binh Tan district is km 2, population is 611,170 people. The average population density in the District is 11,778 people/km 2. The population of Binh Chanh district in 2011 is 465,248 people, The population density is 1,841 people/km 2. Number of immigration labor is increasing, mainly from the Western provinces. Education: In 2009 Binh Tan district finished universalization for secondary education and is implementing universalization for high school education. Currently the district have 38 nursery schools with 524 teachers and 11,242 pupils; 40 trường phổ thông trung học (21 primary schools, 10 secondary schools, and 9 high schools) with 1,766 teachers (of which, 799 primary teachers, 529 secondary teachers, and 438 high school teachers) and 45,572 pupils (of which 26,952 primary pupils, 12,572 secondary pupils, and 6,048 high school pupils). Health care: Currently, there are one medical center in An Lac, a regional clinic at Tan Tao, grassroots clinics and medical health facilities managed by the private sector. In which there is Trieu An private hospital with large-scale. Also, there is a high-tech medical facility with a scale of 42.5ha in Binh Tri Dong ward is under construction. b) Binh Chanh District Population, population density and labors: The population in 2011 is approximately 465,248 people, the population density is 1,841 people/km 2. The number of migrant workers is increasing, mainly from western provinces. Education: The situations of education of the district in recent years are interested, number of children in school-age reaches 100%. Health care: Most communes have medical aid station. The health situation of children and mothers is sufficient interest. Hygiene and food safety at production bases are checked regularly and ensured quality Long An province a) Ben Luc district Population, population density and labors: The population of Ben Luc district is 150,053 people in The population density is distributed uneven, and residents are mainly gathered in the communes in the South (the area bounded by National Highway 1A). The most crowded population density is in Ben Luc town. The average density of the district is 520 people/km 2. Education: All communes have primary school and scale of children in school-age goes to school reaches 100%. Health care: Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 89

99 Ben Luc district has Ben Luc Polyclinics contents: emergency resuscitation, surgery, obstetrics, internal medicine - pediatrics, infectious disease, traditional medicine, pharmacy, scientific laboratory, diagnostic imaging, hygiene and food safety, public health, and disease prevention. Also, the hospital manages 15 medical aid stations of its communes and township. b) Thu Thua district Population, population density and labors: Population density of the district is lower than average population density of the whole province. Population of the district is mostly farmers; the training of skilled labors is the development direction of the district. Education: The situation of district education is increasingly interested. Due to characteristic of agricultural production, so the district s education is relatively low in comparison with that of the neighboring districts. Children in school-age go to school and universalize education have developed and achieved much positive results. Health care: Thanks to the attention of provincial and district authorities health of people in the district is increasingly more interested, national immunization program for children is fully implemented. c) Tan An city Population, population density and labors: Tan An City is considered the center of commerce and politics of Long An province, so it is densely populated, high population density. Also, it is focused industrial areas and administrative offices, then number of labors of Tan An is larger than the remaining districts of the province. Education: Tan An city is where to centralized universities and colleges of Long An province. The quality of training achieved significant accomplishments, and the number of students participating in the national exams are many with high achievements. Some universities of Ho Chi Minh City have branches in Tan An city to facilitate better learning. Health care: Tan An City has poluclinic, and each ward and commune has a medical aid station. Expanded national immunization for children is fully implemented. Hygiene and food safety at food and drink production bases are checked regularly. Restaurants and food shops have to achieve food safety certification issued by the Health Department Tien Giang Province a) Chau Thanh District Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 90

100 Population, population density and labors: Average population of the whole district in 2011 is approximately 235,872 people; it is the second ranked density of the whole province (1,026 people/km2). Labors of the district are mainly farming, with large fruit growing areas; the number of employees serving in the agricultural sector is accounted for the majority of the district labor. Education: The situation of district education is increasingly interested, number of children in school-age go to school reached 100%. And the situation of universalize education in recent years has achieved much better performance. Scale of communes which have primary school is 100%, and those of secondary school reach 73.9%. Health care: All communes of the district have 28 clinics (which have doctors on call 24hrs/7days a week), expanded national immunization program is done well, children in immunization age are vaccinated 100%. In 2011, the district had 02 food poisoning cases. Hygiene and food safety is checked more closely to serve well for the increasing dietary needs of the local people. b) Cai Lay District Population, population density and labors: Average population of the district in 2011 is approximately 307,022 people, average population density is approximately 704 people/km2. With the highest natural area of the province (436.2 km2) Cai Lay district has an area of large orchards and the number of labors serve majority in agriculture. Education: The situation of district education is increasingly interested and developed. All communes have primary schools and 96.4% of communes have secondary schools. Number of children in school-age goes to school reached 100%, and dropout rate at all levels in recent years are reduced significantly. Health care: The whole district has 28 clinics (100%) which have doctors on call 24hrs/7days a week. Expanded national immunization program is done well; over 90 percent of children are properly vaccinated regularly with age. Hygiene and food safety is concerned more and more, food poisoning in 2011 is one (01) case Socio-economic Conditions of Project Affected Households Project construction activities affect land of 715 houses and structures, however this is 220kV transmission line project, so there is no households have to relocated. The land acquisition of the project affects only area of farm land of affected people. It is renovated the roof and earthing for 38 thatched houses; and 677 houses with fibro roofs are keep at contant status within the ROW. Regarding to project affected households, the Project Owner conducted a detailed study for area of all kinds of land acquisitions, number of project affected households, policy and unit price for compensation, support and resettlement plan. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 91

101 According to survey data in project area, the local people inhabit mainly by farming, and some households inhabit by business or small business. Because the route goes parallel to National Highway No.1A and No.62, provincial roads and highways, then traffic situation of project area is relatively favorable and developed. Statistic of characteristics of surveyed households are described as below: - Average population in a household: 5.5 person/household; - Age + Male: 57.5% + Female: 42.5% + From 1 17: % + From 18 60: 73.51% + Over 60: 5.00% - Sex of head of household + Male: 71.75% + Female: 28.25%. - Education: in general, education status of provinces and city where the project passing by are quite good. Each province/ city has universities, college of education, vocational schools, etc. Most of districts in the project area has high school, 2-3 secondary schools, and 3-4 primary school. Each commune has from one to two one primary schools and one secondary schools. Education levels of affected people are as follows: + University/college/vocational school: 2.12% + High school: 5.85% + Secondary school: 73.00% + Literacy: 19.03% - Occupation: as statistic data in the period, most of sub-project affected households earn living by farming and small business as below: + Farming and wage earner: 90.1% + Small bussiness: 9.5% + Others: 0.4% - Average annual income of households is approximately 38,000,000 VND/household/year. - Main sources of income of the local people are primarily base on price of agricultural products so that their income are unstable and affected by markets. - Health care: all provinces and city within project area have hospitals which reach national standards. - Each district within project area has one (01) hospital (medical center) of city/ district and each commune has one (01) communal clinic. - Communal clinic has only examined and treat minor ailments and midwifery for women. District hospitals examine, treat ailments, and implement activities to protect public health. However, the quality of medical care for workers and the poor are not ensured due to the lack Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 92

102 of necessary medical equipments. - Housing: survey result in the project area shows that most of houses/ structures under the ROW are houses of grade 4 and shelter as follows: + Grade 4: 71.00% + Shelter: 29.00% Water source: according to the survey, on the route plan has many canals, ditches and river cut-over; however, in stead of using these sources for domestic activities, they dig wells to get water for daily needs. Chapter 3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 3.1. IMPACT ASSESSMENT To have a basis for detailed evaluation of the project s socio-economic and environmental impacts, it is necessary to analyze, identify and list the sources of project s environmental and socio-economic impacts. The project s impact can preliminarily be classified into 3 main groups in accordance with the following phases: 1) Preparation phase; 2) Construction phase; 3) Operation phase. On this basis, the potential sources of environmental impacts from the implementation of the project can be identified, listed and rated as follows Impact Assessment in Preparation Phase The impact of the project location Rehabilitation and Upgradding Phu Lam Cai Lay No.2 220kV TL starts from 220kV switchyard of Phu Lam 500/220kV substation in Block 5, Tan Tao ward, Binh Tan district, Ho Chi Minh City and the ending point is 220kV switchyard of Cai Lay 220/110kV substation in Tien Giang province. The route goes mainly in existing ROW of Phu Lam Cai Lay No.1 220kV and 220kV Phu Lam Cai Lay No.2 220kV TL, which crosses 23 communes and wards of Ho Chi Minh city, Long An and Tien Giang provinces. Economic conditions are distribute quite diverse along the route which mainly agricultural production, fruit trees cultivation, small business and handicrafts. The sub-project with total length of km, of which 2.82km will be maintained the original status and 23.63km will be stringed wire on the existing towers of the Phu Lam O Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 93

103 Mon 500kV TL. The route location will impact on some infrastructure works, houses, land and farm of the local people. Specifically, the impact of location characteristics of the transmission line as follows: - Crossing high voltage TLs: 04 times; - Crossing medium voltage and low voltage TLs: 134 times; - Crossing Ho Chi Minh city Trung Luong Highway: 02times; - Crossing National Highway and Provincial highways: 08 times; - Crossing soil roads and communal roads: 57 times; - Crossing medium and large rivers, canals: 28 times; - There are 510 houses located in ROW (12meters from each side of the center). However, at crossover positions there will be measures to ensure safety which are compliance with current Electrical Equipment Code. The Phu Lam Cai Lay No.2 220kV TL is the rehabilitation and upgrading TL which goes across the existing ROW of Phu Lam Cai Lay No.2 220kV TL. The existing route has existed for 23 years but did not cause significant impacts to people's activities and economy of region where the transmission line goes through. The influence of the grid safety corridors is acceptable in comparison with huge benefits that the transmission line brings. The TL will affect a number of infrastructure works, houses and farms of the people in the improvement construction process. However, in the crossover position measures will be taken to ensure safety and minimize the damage to people's activities within the ROW. Besides, the transmission line is designed according to National Technical Codes for electric engineering, safe standards of Vietnam and international so that safe conditions are ensured. Besides, influence of project location on protected areas as well as the migratory birds are also considered. In project area (in the vicinity of Ho Chi Minh city, Long An province and Tien Giang province) there are 03 natural reserves such as Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve, Dong Thap Muoi medicine reserve, and Lang Sen wetland reserve. However, distance from each reservation to the project location is larger than 30km. That means all these reservations are very far away from the range of influence of the ROW. In the vicinity of Ho Chi Minh city, Long An province and Tien Giang province there are many cultural and historical monuments are ranked national level. But there are not any monuments within the affected corridor, most of the monuments are far away more than 5km from the project location. The route has total length of km goes across parallel to the National highway No.1 from HCM city to Tien Giang province. The route doesnot cross cutting fight direction of migratory birds. The closest habitat area which has migratory bird to the project location is Tram Chim National Park (Tam Nong district, Dong Thap province) is far away 70km from the project towards north-western. Annually, in the early dry season, Grus Antigone fly from the north of Cambodia and dipterocarp forest in the Central highlands of Vietnam to wetland forests in the south such as Tram Chim, Hon Chong (Kien Luong), their flight direction are not cross cutting the route of the project. Besides, as observation by the power grid management agencies and operators in Southern region, the dead bird cases involving power lines are rarely happened. Birds and insects are not affected by electric while they are perching on conductor. When birds perch on conductor, their body are considered branch circuit with two parallel circuits, the current value of the circuit is inversely proportional to resistance, while hanging parallel two circuits, then the current values of the circuits are Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 94

104 inversely ratio to the resistance. Resistance of bird is quite high in comparison with resistance of a short section of conductor that bird perch their feet on. In the other hand, potential difference between two bird legs is negligible. Therefore, current value in bird is significant. Electric shock occurs only while bird stands on crossarm and their wings or beaks touch electric wire which appearing large voltage difference between the wire and the background (here means the crossarm where bird is perching). However, this case is rarely occured because ceramic insulator is longer than dimension of normal birds in the area. The TL has been existed in 23 years and it is showed that the TL s activities are totally not affected wild animals, migratory bird even so normal bird in the area. In brief, the project location is not near or in the area of environmental sensitivity such as cultural heritage, conservation areas or their buffer zones, wetlands, forests, and estuaries, etc. Therefore, the project will not have an impact on areas of environmental sensitivity The impact from land acquisition The sub-project is entirely consistent with the socio-economic development and Development Plan of National Grid. The total length of renewal route is km (of which 2.82km will be maintained the original status and 23.63km will be stringed wire on the existing towers of the Phu Lam O Mon 500kV TL), traverses along the existing ROW which mainly agricultural land. However, the project inevitably need some acquisited land for the construction and installation of new tower foundations. The impacts on land, crops, and trees from the project s activities are listed and described as follows: a.impact on land Land used for construction is divided into 3 categories: - Land acquisited permanently for tower foundation construction: this kind of land is used only for transmission lines, not used in conjunction with any other work. - Land affected due to regulations on the ROW of high-voltage lines: This kind of land can be restrictedly used for some kind of work. Pursuant to Decree 106/2005/ND-CP and Decree 81/2009/ND-CP, the land in the ROW is limitedly used for the following purposes: Rice, crops and fruit trees with a maximum height of at least 4 meters below the TL is allowed in the ROW. Rice and crops must be planted at least 0.5 m away from foundation s edge. Allowing for existing or constructing new houses/ structures if they are ensured detail regulations in Decree 106/2005/ND-CP and Decree 81/2009/ND-CP, in which distance from any part of house/ structure to the nearest conductor in maximum inflection state not less than 6meters for 220kV transmission line. - In addition to the ROW, in construction phase, some land will be temporarily acquisited for: Excavating, erecting and stringing (in the ROW). Building temporary facilities for the transportation and storage equipment and material such as indoor storages, outdoor storages, and open storage yards (out of the ROW). Temporary land for access roads is not necessary because the existing roads, alleys and the ROW will be used in construction phase. Table 3.1: Total area of permanent affected land Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 95

105 No Locality Total area (m 2 ) Paddy field Crops Categories of permanent affected land (m 2 ) Fruitgrowing land Pond Residential land Industria land I Long An province 13, , , , , Thu Thua district 3, , Nhi Thanh 1, , Binh Thanh 2, , Tan An city 9, , , , , Huong Tho Phu 2, , Ward Ward 2 1, Ward 4 2, , Khanh Hau 2, , II Tien Giang province 25, , , , Chau Thanh district 20, , , , Tan Huong 3, , , Tan Ly Tay 1, Tan Ly Dong Tan Hiep Than Cuu Nghia 3, , Tam Hiep 2, , Long Dinh 5, , Nhi Binh 1, , Diem Hy 2, , Cai Lay district 4, , , Tan Hoi 1, , Nhi My 2, , Notes: Total 38, , ,882,95 2, , ,152.0 Other lands include area of river, canal and traffice ways; Permanent affected land is area of tower foundations of the transmission line; The amount above is expected basing on the survey data in the project s feasibility study stage implemented by South Survey Integrated Enterprise Power Engineering Consultant Company No.2 SSIE-PECC2(October 2011). The amount of actual impact will be accurated at a later stage (after demarcation, measurement and detailed inventory). Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 96

106 Table 3.2: Total area affected land within the ROW I No Locality Long An province Total area (m 2 ) Categories of affected land within the ROW (m 2 ) Paddy Crops 302, ,718 1,056 Thu Thua district 67,428 47,213 0 Nhi Thanh Binh Thanh 1.2 Tan An city II ,089 37,075 0 Fruit tree Residenti al - orchard Gras s Others 43, , ,198 13, ,760 11, ,204 12,339 10, , , ,506 1,056 29, , ,438 Huong Tho Phu 48,988 27, , ,472 Ward 6 Ward 2 Ward 4 Khanh Hau Tien Giang province Chau Thanh district Tan Huong Tan Ly Tay Tan Ly Dong Tan Hiep 11,891 6, , ,182 28,110 13, , ,753 70,412 36, ,737 23, ,403 75,981 16,629 1, , ,897 67, , ,134 59, , ,653 2,309 35,013 6, , , , , ,642 1,078 78, , , ,296 59, , ,121 17,82 0 7, ,143 18,553 3, ,123 3, ,759 4, ,328 2, Than Cuu Nghia 51,072 2,358 13,937 23,62 7 4, , Tam Hiep 52,920 1,258 14,255 26,00 5, ,313 Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 97

107 No Locality Total area (m 2 ) Categories of affected land within the ROW (m 2 ) Paddy Crops Fruit tree Long Dinh Nhi Binh Diem Hy Cai Lay district 145,40 4 6,026 20,244 42,519 15,653 3,319 72,120 40,782 2, , ,764 7, Tan Hoi 66,232 37,113 2, Nhi My 54,931 26,651 5,306 Total Notes: 961, ,616 68,728 Other lands include area of river, canal and traffice ways; Residenti al - orchard Gras s Others 93, , ,854 14,69 9 2, ,156 12,08 3 4, ,191 23,53 8 7,376 1,078 17,585 11,54 5 3, ,126 11,99 3 3,444 1,078 6, , ,458 1, ,080 Temporary affected land within the ROW, section from G1 to G7 (from Tan Tao ward Binh Tan district- Ho Chi Minh city to Nhi Thanh commune Thu Thua district- Long An province), is belong to scope of the Phu Lam O Mon 500kV TL project; Temporary affected land within the ROW equal area of ROW deduct permanently affected land at tower foundations; Types of affected land due to location within the ROW is estimated basing on the preliminary survey data in the project s feasibility study stage implemented by SSIE-PECC2 (October 2011). Types of actual affected land will be accurated at a later stage (after demarcation, measurement and detailed inventory). The process of land acquisition will have an impact on the socio-economic development in the region, somehow affecting the lives of people who have land to be cleared and acquisited due to the project. - The clearance would disrupt the lives of people in areas such as loss of job, loss of cultivating land, changing careers or moving to a new cultivating land; - Increasing pressure on management issues in local society, disorder security in the region. As shown above, the project s total area of permanently requisited land is 38,828.2 m 2. However, land area used for a tower foundation is not large with an average of 310 m 2 / position. At residential area, renewal tower foundation will be constructed at the same axis of the existing ones to minimized land loss. According to survey results in feasibility study stage, there are 113 households (498 people) have permanently affected land by the project, Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 98

108 in which land acquisition scale is from 2.06% to 96.60% out of total their land ownership, average scale is 29.55%. Number of households have loss of land over 30% out of total land ownership are 49 households but none of them belong to vulnerable group and most of them have non-agricultural labor. Affected households can continue farming on the remaining land and the amount of compensation for the acquired land they can buy other land or invest in production on the remaining land area. Therefore, land acquisition of the project does not cause major disturbance to lives of local people, and affected people no need to resettle. Besides, effect on land use within the ROW of 220kV transmission line is insignificant. Houses and structures are permitted to exist within the ROW but they must be treated safe, and ensured safe distance of structures to the TL. Agricultural land within the ROW is allowed to cultivate however it must to control safe height of trees. Current status of agricultural activities within the ROW of the upgrading sections are mostly paddy land which is incapable to encroach distance to the TL towards the vertical. Area of affected land within the ROW is mainly agricultural land accounted for 73.49%, residential land has very low scale accounted for 1455%, the remaining area is river, canal and roads. Thus, impact of land acquisition can be minimized by compensation and support measures in comply with provisions of the State without a major impact on the lives of affected households. b.impact on land use within the ROW According to Article 4 Decree No.106/2005/ND-CP dated 17/08/2005 detailing and guiding the implementation of a number of articles of the Electricity law on protection of safety of high-voltage power grid works, the width of the corridor of the overhead 220kV TL is delimited by two vertical planes on both sides of the line, running in parallel with the line and with a distance from the outmost wire to each side when the wire in the static state is 6 meters. The length of crossarm of each tower is from 9.2to 10.8 meters, the width of corridor is from 21.2 to 22.8 meters, and average width of the ROW along the route is meters. The length of TL of upgradding section is 45,378 m (not included section goes across in the same route with Phu Lam O Mon 500kV TL), area of power grid corridor of the project is ha. In which, permanentaly land acquisition for tower foundations is 38,828.2 m 2. With hanging height as stipulated of Decree No.106/2005/ND-CP and Decree No.81/2009/ND-CP people and animal can move or work normally without any effect of electromagnetic field. Besides, the upgradding section of the project goes across mainly agricultural area. As regulation of Decree No.106/2005/ND-CP within safety corridor of 220kV overhead power transmission line it is allowed to exist the plant provided that ensuring the vertical distance from the highest point of trees to the lowest height of a line in the state must not be shorter than 4meters. Rice and other crops must be grown at least 0.5 m from the edge of electric post base and support cable foundation. The distance from the lowest point of transmission cables in the maximum sagging state to the ground surface must not be lower than 18 meters at residential areas. Thus, cultivated activities within the ROW will be affected insignificant, the local people can cultivate normal crop, but fruit trees and other timbers have to be control their height. The presence of 220kV overhead transmission line will impact on houses and structures within the ROW. According to Item 4, Article 1, Decree No.81/2009/ND-CP, houses and works are not required to be relocated from up-to-220 kv power grid safety corridors if the following conditions are fully met: - Their roofs and surrounding walls are made of fire-proof materials; - Their metal structures are earthed according to regulations on earthing techniques; Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 99

109 - They do not obstruct paths for examination, maintenance or replacement of parts of highvoltage power grid works; - The distance from any part of houses or works to the nearest transmission cables in the maximum sagging state is not lower than 6meters. With the above requirement, area of residential land within the ROW will be restricted space use landing to restrict value of land use. However, the project is upgradding one and its route goes along the existing TL corridor. When upgradding suspension height of TL will be elevated higher than that of the existing TL which ensured compliance with regulation of Item 1, Article 1, Decree No.81/2009/ND-CP, the distance from the lowest point of transmission cables in the maximum sagging state to the ground surface must not be lower than 18 meters. Thus, impact due to restriction of height for works within the ROW after upgradding will be reduced in comparison with that of the existing TL. According to survey report, total of residential land within the ROW of upgradding section is 144,458m 2 with the corridor is limited to 11 meters from the center of the route on each side. There is no house and structures in the area of permanently acquisition land, and there are 510 houses within the ROW (11 meter from the center of the route to each side) with rehabilitation measures to be retained within the ROW as follow. Table 3.3: Affected houses/ structures within the ROW No. Locality Quantity Roof structure Thatch Metal Fibro Tile I Long An province Thu Thua district Nhi Thanh Binh Thanh Tan An city Huong Tho Phu Ward Ward Ward Khanh Hau II Tien Giang province Chau Thanh district Tan Huong Tan Ly Tay Tan Ly Dong Tan Hiep Than Cuu Nghia Tam Hiep Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 100

110 No. Locality Quantity Roof structure Thatch Metal Fibro Tile Long Dinh Nhi Binh Diem Hy Cai Lay district Tan Hoi Nhi My Total Notes: Affected houses and structure within the ROW are defined basing on the survey data in the project s feasibility study stage implemented by SSIE PECC2 (October 2011). Types of actual affected houses and structures will be accurated at a later stage (after demarcation, measurement and detailed inventory) House and works are existing within the ROW have height from 2.5meters to 11meters, and average height is 4.8meters. The TL is designed crossing by residential areas with conductor suspension height ensuring that the distance from the lowest point of transmission cables in the maximum sagging state to the ground surface must not be lower than 18 meters. When the route is upgraded, the existing houses within the ROW are ensured the distance from any part of houses or works to the nearest transmission cables in the maximum sagging state is not lower than 6 meters. The existing houses and works within the ROW when are renovated roof and earthed will be ensure safe conditions to exist within 220kV safety grid corridor. Thus, acquisition land of the 220kV power grid corridor may restrict space to develop highrise building within the ROW but not cause relocation or resettlement for the existing houses. Houses and works within the ROW of stringing two circuit section at the below circuit on mixed collumn of three circuits of 500kV Phu Lam O Mon have to relocated out of the ROW of 500kV TL are belong to scope of Phu Lam O Mon 500kV TL. Overall, the impact on socio-economy due to compensation, land acquisition and effect of the ROW is not large because permanent land area in each tower foundation is not large and no household have to resettled. The damage of crops, trees in the construction process and restrict ability of land use within the ROW can be overcome by measures of compensation and assistance in accordance with the provisions of the State on land acquisition, ensuring living and social security for those affected Impact of clearing, leveling and constructing temporary road a) Impact of clearing construction site Area of construction site and the ROW will be cleared and elevated prior to construction phase. The sub-project cause depletion vegetation within the ROW with an average of meter wide (due to cutting and pruning trees which its height exceeds 4meters safe distance to ensure safety for the TL). During site preparation process, construction contractors will clear and elevate 38,828 m 2 of permanently acquisition plan for tower foundations, 74,796 m 2 of borrowed construction plan, and 3,829 m 2 of borrowed plan for temporary works (such as warehouse) for construction and wire drawing yard. The popular trees will be cut down are rice and fruit trees. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 101

111 Table 3.4: Quantities of cutting down crops and trees No. I II III Types of plant Unit Ho Chi Minh city Long An province Tower foundation and borrowed construction site Tieng Giang province Rice m 2-23,703 15,613 Crop m Fruit tree tree Grass m Borrowed plan for warehouses and yards Notes Rice m ,745 1, warehouse positions Clearance and pulling conductor Rice m 2-27,578 31,442 ROW, 2 paths x2m/path Crop m ,371 ROW, 2 paths x2m/path Fruit tree tree - 1,672 14,442 Pruning trees have height pass safe height Grass m ROW, 2 paths x2m/path Note: Number of affected crops and trees are estimated amount basing on the preliminart survey data in the project s feasibility study stage implemented by SSIE PECC No.2 (October 2011). The amount of actual affected plants will be accurated at a later stage (after demarcation, measurement and detailed inventory) Impact on ecology: The current status of the area where the TL passes through and the adjacent area characterizes field habitat which is adjacent to infrastructural urban and rural residential, thus natural ecosystem no longer exist. Most of habitats in the project are grassland, rice fields, garden, and residential area, etc. These habitats do not play an important role in biodiversity and conservation. The natural habitat is almost gone; it remains only a few natural vegetation along river or on flooded grassland which is very small. The whole area of permanently acquisition and temporarily borrowed construction site does not affect forests and natural ecosystems. Therefore, clearance, leveling and construction of the Project only cause damage to the economic value of the affected crops, but they not affect the natural ecosystem. In addition, clearing trees can impact the lives of animals living in the area where the route passing through. However, for this project, as mentioned above, habitats along the route are most of human habitat. The large mammals have conservation values in the area are no longer. Bird populations in the project area is mostly popular birds, these birds are relatively adapted to the presence of the existing TL and artificial areas. Groups of amphibians and reptiles in the region remain mostly fairly common species of ecosystem fields and canals corridor. Therefore, clearance of corridor and construction affect only some of the most common species in the area. However, level of impact is assessed low due to these species live on artificial habitat have adapted to human activities and these effects will gradually stabilized after construction is completed. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 102

112 Assess impact due to cleared vegetation: In preparation phase, trees in tower foundation area will be cut down and uprooted, and trees within the ROW will be cleared. To reduce compensation cost, temporary warehouse and yard will be chose paddy or crop cultivated area after harvest season and avoid perennial fruit trees cultivated area. Thus, affected area is mainly paddy field, except tower foundations in fruit tree cultivated area that cannot adjust. For annual crops (rice and crops), the project will be arranged construction timing as soon as harvest season, so vegetation quantity from annual crops generates in clearance is low. With permanently affected area at foundation pits, temporarily affected area for construction sites and type of vegetation on areas requiring clearance, amount of vegetation that need to clear is estimated about tons. Vegetation will be moved manually and mechanically to uprooted at foundation pit. If the amount of this vegetation is not collected and cleanup, it would cause loss of aesthetics of the area. In rainy season, they would be decomposited fast or washed away by rain water causing water source pollutants and clog the drainage system. In the dry season, the leaves are dried and ignition sources should be concerned. However, the project is mostly constructed in rural areas, so the amount of vegetation, including cutting trees will be recovered completely for firewood. Thus, the actual volume of vegetation has to disposed is very low. b) Impact due to leveling Prior to construction, the work sites at foundations and temporary borrowing sites for contractor s yards will be leveled an average of 0.3 m. The leveling will generate dust by grading and emissions of graders. The leveling positions are not focus. They are scattered at tower foundation positions, and ground leveling at each foundation is not large, averaging 200m 2. Thus, the amount of arising dust and emission at tower foundation is not large. Also, the route goes across mainly in rural areas, and there is only a short section traverses the residential area in Tan An city, section from G9 to G11 with 4,246 m length. Therefore, most of foundations are placed in paddy fields or orchards. Dusts generated in rural areas with the surrounding areas are fields and trees; thus, this impact is negligible. The amount of dust is deposited easily in a short time after diffusion. Therefore, the dust generated by leveling just impact significantly on foundations within Tan An city area where the people living around the foundation construction positions will be affected by diffuse dust. However, diffuse dust can be control can be effectively by making humidity measures for leveling soil. Soil leveling for foundations is taken from the soil excavation, so diffuse dust in the leveling process is diffused by excavation and backfill of foundations. This load of dust is calculated in the assessment of the impact of dust and gas emissions in the construction phase. Also, the temporary borrowing site for storage and yards will be leveled for storage of materials, gathering construction means, and camps. The leveling will also cause similar effects as leveling at the foundations. The project has four contractor s yard positions that serve four sub-section of construction. Each position area is not large, averaging about 960 m 2. Besides, to decrease compensation cost, construction contractors will rent paddy field for temporary construction sites. These construction sites will be leveled after harvest. Soil characteristics in paddy fields have large moisture, so amount of diffuse dust is not large. And diffused positions are located in paddy fields, thus this impact is insignificant Impact Assessment in Construction Phase Sources of impacts during construction phase Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 103

113 The sub-project is proposed to implement at flat terrain area, which has quite convenient traffic systems, goes mainly through agricultural areas. The total length of the route is km, with total proposed towers are 125, permanently acquisition land for tower foundations is 38,282.2 m 2, temporary borrowed area for foundation construction site is 74,796 m 2 (this area is located in the ROW). Depending on particular activities in construction and installation process, the most basic sources of impacts can be identified as follows: Table 3.5: Potential impacts during construction phase No. Activities Sources Environment impact A. Waste relating sources 1 Earthwork, excavation, backfilling. Bulldozer, excavator, compressor; Potential construction risk. + Increasing noise, dust and exhaust gases which impacts on air environment; + Rising solid waste and vegetation cover in construction process which impacts on soil environment; + Impact on water sources quality, soil structure and organism resource. 2 Transportation Trucks transporting material and equipments + Increasing noise, dust and emission; + Rising wasted oil which impacts on soil, water and organism environments. 3 Construction and installation 4 Workers activities on project site. Construction machines Waste in construction process. Workers camps; Workers on project site. + Increasing noise, dust and emission which impacts on air environment; + Increasing construction waste which impacts on soil and water environments; + Rising waste lubricant which impacts on soil, water and organism environments. + Increasing domestic solid waste and sewage; + The risk of polluting the soil and water environments due to sewage. B. Non Waste relating sources 1 Clearing ROW, leveling, excavating the foundations, changing land usability. 2 Activities of means of construction and transportation. Changing terrain and vegetation cover leads to changing landscape, ecosystem and biological diversification in the region. Raising noise and vibration impacts on people nearby; Raising heat from machines. 3 Gathering machines, material, equipments + Labor accident in transportation Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 104

114 No. Activities Sources Environment impact and fuel at Project site. and discharge material and equipment; + Increasing traffic density on roads nearby the Project site. 4 Gathering a large number of workers at the Project area. + Impacts on social security in the region. The construction and installation items of 220kV TL in the project area (including the gathering of workers, materials and equipment, earthworks, construction and installation) will cause some forms of impact on the natural resources and ecological environment in the area affected by the project. The level and nature of pollution sources impacts on environmental components in this period as follows: Assess the impact from relating waste sources a) Impact from dust and emission Due to activities potentially affecting air environment which has been identified above, it is found that the cause of air pollution is dust and emission. - Diffuse dust from earthworks and transportation; - Dust and SOx, NOx, COx, THC gases eliminated by means of the construction and transportation. Diffuse dust from grading, excavation, and leveling process: Diffuse dust from construction activities of the project is mainly from grading, excavation. Due to calculations, the total volume of the excavated and leveled soil of Project s 125 positions is 114,371 m 3 of excavated soil and 87,953 m 3 leveled soil. It is estimated that average density of soil is 1.56 tonnes/m³, friable soil coefficient kr = 1.3, then the volume of excavated soil is approximately 231,944 tonnes and volume of leveled soil is 178,368 tonnes. Diffusion rate of dust depends largely on the volume of excavation and leveling. Diffuse dust is calculated basing on the coefficient of pollution and earthworks. Based on World Bank s Guideline of environmental impact assessment (Environmental assessment sourcebook, Volume II, sectored guidelines, environment, World Bank, Washington DC, 8/1991), pollution coefficient is determined by the formula: Note: E: Pollution coefficient (kg/tonne) U 2,2 E k 0,0016 k: grain structure with an average value of 0.35 U: Wind velocity (2.8 m/s) M: Average moisture of material is 20 % 1,4 M 1, 3 2 Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 105

115 (2,8/2,2) 1. E = x 0.35 x 4 (0.20/2) 1,3 = Using the above formula kg/tonne we calculate the pollution coefficient E = kg/tonne of excavated (leveled) soil. The total dust eliminated into the atmosphere from the activities of the Project s foundation excavation is 3,632kg and from leveling is 2,793kg. The amount of diffuse dust in the ambient air environment at each position is calculated as follows: Table 3.6: The amount of diffuse dust at each foundation position No. Categories of foundations Quan tity I Section I Volume (tonne) Excavati ng Levelin g Dust load (kg) Excav ating Exca Leveli ng Execution time (day) vatin g Dust load (mg/s) Leveli Excava Levelin ng ting g MB x , , , MB x14 7 1, MB x18.5A 1 3, , , MB8.2-14x , , II Section II MB x , , , MB x14 3 1, MB8-21x23 1 5, , MB8-24x24 2 6, , , , , , MB6.1-15x , , MB7-15.5x , , MB x , , MB9.8-20x22 9 4, , , , MB x21 4 2, , MB x18 8 1, , MB x16 2 1, Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 106

116 No. Categories of foundations Quan tity Volume (tonne) Excavati ng Levelin g Dust load (kg) Excav ating Exca Leveli ng Execution time (day) vatin g Dust load (mg/s) Leveli Excava Levelin ng ting g 1 2 MB8.2-17x , , MB x , , MB x MB7-13x , MB7.9-14x , MB8.2-14x , , Notes: MB x , , Section I: from Phu Lam 500kV substation to Long An 220kV substation; - Section II: from Long An 220kV substation to Cai Lay 220kV substation. 1, The calculated data in the above table based on data from the average wind speed in the region and the lowest soil moisture. In fact, majority tower foundations are located in the area of rice fields, orchards which have great soil moisture, thus actual load of dust emission will be lower than the calculated results. Diffuse dust during excavation causes adversely influence only at positions close to the local s houses. The route has 18 towers are located in residential land near the local s houses. However, these are kind of foundations have low diffusion dust load in the table above. The remains are located mainly in paddy fields, crops and orchards. Typically, these positions have very large soil moisture, thus dust emission load is low and negligible. To assess concentration of diffuse soil dust in the ambient air environment, it is assumed that diffuse dust at each constructed tower foundation is point source. Apply Gauss model for the dust diffusion (aerosol) - the deposition of dust in the diffusion process, the dust concentration on the ground along wind axis is calculated by the following formula: In which: C b( x) 2 vr x H M b u exp 2 u y z 2 z 2 Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 107

117 C b(x) : the dust concentration on the ground at a distance of x (m) along the wind axis, mg/m 3 M b : dust load, mg/s u: wind velocity, m/s v r : dust concentration velocity, m/s H: diffuse dust height, m x: distance to source of diffuse dust, m σ y : diffuse component coefficient along horizontal axis, m σ z : diffuse component coefficient along vertical axis, m The level of atmospheric stability (Pasquill by F.) in the chosen project area is B, assume that diffuse dust s height is H = 10 m, the falling velocity of chosen particle is vr = m/s, the dust concentration on the ground at a distance of x (m) from diffuse dust s sources along the wind axis is calculated at some positions having the largest diffuse dust load (tower foundation MB8-24x24, at position No.77 and No.144) and shown in the chart below. Figure 3.1: Diagram of dust concentration along wind axis at foundation MB8-24x24 Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 108

118 Figure 3.2: Diagram of dust concentration along wind axis at each construction site Comment: The calculation of dust spread above shows the maximum dust concentration of at a distance of 40 m away from dust sources. At construction position MB8-24x24 (position 77 and 144), dust generated during excavation with maximum concentration in the ambient air is 0.54 mg/m 3 exceeding allowed standards (QCVN 05:2009/MONRE, 0.3 mg/m 3 ) and dust concentration at a distance of 112meters far away from the source is allowed at Technical Regulation; dust concentration during levelling with a maximum value of 0.85 mg/m 3 and its reaches Technical Regulation at a distance of 154meters far away from the source. However, dust concentration along wind axis at each construction site reachs maximum concentration is 0.3 mg/m 3 reachs allowed standard of QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT. Diffuse dust from the excavation and leveling almost deposit at a distance of 400 m from the source. Type of foundation MB8.2-19x21.5DC is calculted in the above table has the largest load and larger than 2 3 times in comparison with dust load at foundations in Tan An city area. Thus, diffuse dust concentration in the air at foundations passing through Tan An City area is very low, and no significant impact to the local s houses near the construction positions. Diffuse dust from pavement due to means of transportation: Transportation construction material process to construction site will cause diffuse dust on pavement along transportation route. Dust load is diffused into air environment due to activities of mechanic transportation means depends on mainly in quality of traffic ways. For national highways and provincial roads which were asphalted, diffuse dust level is insignificant. For soil roads, dust diffuse into the air environment is very large while motorized mean goes across. Thus, diffuse dust load from pavement due to transportation activities of the project is concentrated mainly at soil roads from national highways and provincial roads to construction sites. According to guideline of WHO (Rapid inventory techniques in environmental pollution - World Health Organization, Generva, 1993), coefficient of dust generation due to transportation on aggregate road is estimated by the following formula: In which: 0,7 0,5 0,7 0,5 E 3,7 S W w 3, = 681 kg/1,000 km.turn E: coefficient of pollution (kg/1,000km.turn) S: average speed (15 km/hour) W: average load of vehicle (10 tonnes) w: average number of wheel (6 wheels/vehicle) Using the above formula, it is calculated coefficient of pollution E= 681kg/1,000km.turn, equivalent to kg/km.turn. The route of the project goes parallel with National highway No.1A, near and crossly with arterial roads such as National highway No.62, Provincial road No.830 and No.866. Thus, transportation activity of material and equipment to constractor s yard of each sub-section is quite advantage. According to construction report of the project, average distance of each sub-section as below: - Sub-section 1.1: 0.3 km, distance of vehicle to come in and come out is 0.6 km - Sub-section 1.2: 0.3 km, distance of vehicle to come in and come out is 0.6 km - Sub-section 2.1: 0.45 km, distance of vehicle to come in and come out is 0.9 km Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 109

119 - Sub-section 2.2: 0.25 km, distance of vehicle to come in and come out is 0.5 km Base on construction material quantity and equipment need to transport to construction site, diffuse dust load into air environment of transportation means on roads to tower foundations of the project are calculted as below: Table 3.7: Dust load generates on transit roads No. I II Transportation items Sub-section 1.1 (from starting point to G5) Foundation MB8.2-14x16.5 (position 9) Quantit y (tonne) Total turn of mean Constru ction timing (day) Turn per day Load per day (kg/day) Construction material Galvanized steel shape towers, anchored bolt Sub-section 1.2 (from G5 to Long An Substation ) 1 Average of each tower foundation Construction material Galvanized steel shape towers, anchored bolt Foundation MB x18.5 (*) III Construction material Galvanized steel shape towers, anchored bolt Sub-section 2.1 (from Long An Substation to G14) 1 Average of each tower foundation Construction material Galvanized steel shape towers, anchored bolt Foundation MB8-24x24 (*) IV Construction material 1, Galvanized steel shape towers, anchored bolt Sub-section 2.2 (from G14 to ending point) 1 Average of each tower foundation Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 110

120 No. Transportation items Quantit y (tonne) Total turn of mean Constru ction timing (day) Turn per day Load per day (kg/day) Construction material Galvanized steel shape towers, anchored bolt Foundation MB8-24x24 (*) Construction material 1, Galvanized steel shape towers, anchored bolt Note: (*) foundation position has the largest construction quantity at each sub-section. Estimated results show that dust diffuses into ambient air environment along transit roads to foundation construction sites are very low. The largest is kg dust/day (at acess road to construction site of foundation MB8-24x24, position 77) equivalent to average 362 mg/s (average working timing within a day is 8 hours). Load of diffuse dust on road surface during a turn of tranporter travel on road is mg/s. To estimate dust concentration emit in ambient air environment due to transporters, it is applied box-pattern block method. In which, it is assumed that total effected volume as a box-pattern with dimensions (length, width) equivalent to deposition length of dust grain and track length of a transporter in a unit time of dust generation. The height of box is defined basing on feature of terrain, wind and other related characteristics that influence dominantly to the process of mixing the dust in the air environment. Assuming generated dust completely dispersed in the affected volume, concentration of dust along transportation route is estimated as below: In which: M vr C C0 7, 2 2 H u S C: average diffuse dust concentration in project area, mg/m 3 C 0 : average dust concentration in background, mg/m 3 M: diffuse dust load, mg/s u: average wind speed in project area, m/s S: average speed of vehicle, 15 km/hour H: diffuse dust height, 10 m v r : sedimentation velocity of dust grain, m/s Due to number of transporters at foundations that have largest construction quantity is 17 turns/day, timing for transporter driving on transit route is from 1.5 to 3.6 minutes, so at estimated timing there is one transporter only driving on the road. Concentration of dust diffuses from the road surface due to tranportation of construction material and equipment to Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 111

121 ambient air environment is estimated during a transporter turn driving on the road at each sub-section are respectively 0.6 mg/m 3 at sub-section 1.1; 0.49mg/m 3 at sub-section 1.2; 0.46 mg/m 3 at sub-section 2.1; 0.48 mg/m 3 at sub-section 2.2, exceed the allowed maximum value of QCVN 05/2009/BTNMT from 1.5 to 2 times. However, number of transporters to construction sites is not high, total turns of transporter to tower foundations that have medium construction quantity at sub-section 2.1 is 54 turns within construction timing as 1 to 2 months. For tower foundations that have largest construction quantity (MB8-24x24, position 77 and 144), total turns of transporter are 164 turns. Besides, areas along the route are mainly paddy field and orchards with sparse settlement, thus impacts of diffuse dust from transport activities are significant. This kind of dust affects households live near tower foundations in Tan An and Ho Chi Minh city area with small level. Dust and emission from means of construction and transportation: Operation of construction equipments and transportation will discharged a large amount of gas contains air pollutants. Its composition is primarily CO X, NO X, SO X, cacbuahydro, dust. Depending on utilization capacity, pollution load can be calculated basing on the pollution load factor of World Health Organization (WHO). According to WHO, diesel s exhaust gas generation coefficient is as follows: Table 3.8: Diesel s exhaust gas generation coefficient Pollutants Dust SO 2 NO 2 CO THC Coefficient (kg/tonne) S Source: World Health Organization (WHO), 1993 Note: S is the sulfur content in diesel oil, S = 0.25%. According to the construction equipment s fuel consuming (Ministry of Construction s Circular 06/2010/TT-BXD dated 26/05/2010 guiding the method valuation of construction equipment) and the Project s expected main construction equipment and machinery for each construction section, emission load generated from construction equipment and machines is calculated as follows: Table 3.9: Pollutants load from means of construction N o Means Quantit y Norm (*) (liter DO/ca.pt) Pollutants load (kg/shift) Dust SO 2 NO 2 CO THC I Section I Truck (for transportation of tower) Truck Dumper Tank truck (for fuel and water) Crane Bulldozer Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 112

122 N o Means Quantit y Norm (*) (liter DO/ca.pt) Pollutants load (kg/shift) Dust SO 2 NO 2 CO THC excavator 7 8 Shuttle bus for workers Diesel generator Water pump II Section II Truck (for transportation of tower) Truck Dumper Tank truck (for fuel and water) Crane Bulldozer + excavator Shuttle bus for workers Diesel generator Water pump Total Source: (*)Ministry of Construction s Circular 06/2010/TT-BXD dated 26/05/2010 Normally, the residual gas after combusting fuel is 30%. It is estimated emission flow generated from the combustion of diesel oil is 22.6 m 3 /kg fuel (at 180 o C exhaust gas s temperature). According to above DO consuming norm and DO s proportion as of 0.87, total consumption of diesel oil in one machine s shift of section I and II is alternately 341kg/shift and 1,281kg/shift, and the correlative emission flow is 7,698m 3 /shift and 28,946 m 3 /shift, equivalent to 962m 3 /working hour and 3,618m 3 /working hour (1 shift = 8 working hours). Emission of construction machines and equipments is calculated as follows: Table 3.10: Emission of construction machines and equipments No Pollutants Concentration in reality (mg/m 3 ) Concentration in standard condition (mg/nm 3 ) QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT Column B (mg/nm 3 ) 1 Dust Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 113

123 2 SO NO ,020 4 CO ,200 5 THC Notes: - mg/nm 3 : Emission concentration specified in the standard condition. - QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on industrial emissions of dust and inorganic substances (Kv = 1.2 and Kp = 1). Remarks: The results in Table 3.10 show that concentrations of SO 2 and NO 2 in the exhaust gases of construction means are less than the allowed limit (QCVN 19:2009/ BTNMT - Column B). However, to ensure ambient air environment regulation, the project owner should have a plan to control construction vehicles to minimize the impact of emissions on the ambient environment. In addition to air pollution sources from construction means, there is a source of huge emissions arising from transportation (transport of materials and equipment from providers to warehouse and construction site). Project s motorized means of transport using diesel engines and diesel oil have sulfur content of 0.25%. Therefore, emissions from motor vehicles are similar to emission of construction machines and equipments shown in Table 3.10, reaching QCVN 19:2009/MONRE. However, the sources of emissions from vehicles are not concentrated, they are distributed along the TL with an average of 15km to local supply and 100 km to supplies from SPMB s warehouse in Ho Chi Minh city, thus the degree of impact of emissions from transportation is negligible. b) Impact from wastewater Sewage water of construction workers: Normally, in construction projects, gathering workers to construction sites will bring about the construction of camps and temporary houses for work and rest. Daily activities of workers at the site will also generate wastes such as sewage and solid wastes which are likely to cause locally pollution to local water sources. The level of pollution and its impact on the environment depends basically on the number of workers staying in the camp and waste management methods implemented. The project with total length of 71.83km passing through the territory of the two provinces of Long An, Tien Giang and Ho Chi Minh city. To facilitate construction activities, the work is divided into four construction sub-sections correlative to four independent construction sites. Auxiliary s works of each sub-section are located in the nearby residential area and close to the national highway and provincial road to facilitate living and transport machineries along the route, detail as below: - Section I: from 500kV Phu Lam Substation to 220kV Long An Substation Sub-section 1.1: from starting point (ĐĐ) to G5, located in Tan Nhut commune, Binh Chanh district, Ho Chi Minh city; Sub-section 1.2: from G5 to 220kV Long An substation, located in Thanh Duc commune, Ben Luc district, Long An province; Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 114

124 - Section II: from 220kV Long An Substation to Cai Lay 220kV substation Sub-section 2.1: from 220kV Long An Substation to G14, located in Binh Thanh commune, Thu Thua District, Long An Province; Sub-section 2.2: from G14 to the ending point (ĐC), located in Nhi My Commune, Cai Lay District, Tien Giang Province. Total number of workers of the project during construction phase is 200, divided into four execution units in four independent construction sites. Each execution unit at section I consists of 35 people, and each execution unit at section II consists of 65 people. Basing on the pollution coefficient identified by WHO and the number of workers, pollutants load in sewage water can be calculated as shown in Table 3.11 below: Table 3.11: Pollutants load in sewage water (unprocessed) No. Pollutants WHO s pollution coefficient (g/ head.day) Project Load (kg/day) Each execution unit in section I Each execution unit in section II 01 BOD COD (dicromate) Suspended solid (SS) Non-mineral oil Total Nitrogen (N) Amoniac (N-NH4) Total Phosphorus (P) Coliform (MNP/100ml) Source: WHO, The level of water use is 80 liters /person.day (TCXD 33:2006), waste water accounts for about 80% of water use. Construction time for each foundation is about 1 month (26 days). So, wastewater amount in the construction phase is calculated as follows: Table 3.12: Sewage water generating in Project s construction phase No. Organization Number of workers Amount of wastewater (m 3 ) Per day Per month 1 Each execution unit at section I Each execution unit at section II Whole Project Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 115

125 Workers on the construction site are not concentrated but chronologically distributed into several locations. Organizations on the site is divided into 4 main units, there will be about 15 workers at each foundations, so the amount of wastewater at a foundation is only about 1.2m 3 /day (31.2 m 3 /month). There are 125 foundations spread over km (part of improvement), average distance between each is about 366m, so the amount of waste water will also spread evenly on the entire route, the impact of sewage water from workers is negligible Sewage water contains bacteria, organic matter, suspended solids, etc. The concentration of pollutants in the domestic waste water is calculated basing on the pollution load (kg/day), waste water flow (m 3 /day) and performance of septic tank treatment, results are presented in Table 3.13 below Table 3.13: Concentration of pollutants in domestic wastewater in construction phase No. Pollutants Concentration of pollutants (mg/l) QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (Column B, K = 1.2) 1 BOD COD 900 1,275-3 Suspended solid 875 1, Non-mineral oil Total nitrogen Ammoniac Total phosphorus Coliform ,000 Notes: - QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on sewage water, column B, K = 1.2 (applied for production base that below 500 people). In comparison with National Technical Regulation on waste water (QCVN 14:2008/MONRE) concentrations of pollutants in waste water, most parameters exceed allowed standards. However, waste water flow at each foundation is not high, generation time is only one (01) month per foundation, and quality of waste water do not contain harmful component, thus the impact of waste water has been identified as negligible which causes insignificant pollution to environment. Wastewater from construction: Wastewater generated in construction process is primarily from the pump pit drainage and a little capacity from equipment and machinery s sanitary process. Main components of the pollutants in construction wastewater are soil and sand without harmful component. Sediment in water is easily deposited and accumulated right on the temporary drainage route. Thus, penetration contaminates surface waters of the area only at low levels. The amount of waste water depends on many factors such as weather conditions, engineering geological characteristic, scale of the project, construction methods and technology, and materials quality. This report is estimated wastewater basing on number of main construction facilities at site. It is assumed that amount water for facilities sanitary from 0.5to 0.8 m 3 /facility/ day. At foundation construction position, because construction site is cramped Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 116

126 and construction timing is short, facilities are not washed at construction site. After construction at a foundation position, facilities will be gathered to the yard of each subsection to wash before they are circulated to another construction site. Sanitation wastewater of construction facilities of the project arises only at the four yards of four sub-sections of the construction. Based on the amount of main construction means each sub-section and timing for facilities rotation through each foundation positions with an average of 7 days. Capacity of wastewater for equipment sanitary at each sub-section is calculated as below. Table 3.14: Capacity of construction waste water No. Construction site Quantity of main facility (*) Capacity (m 3 /day) I Section I Sub-section Sub-section II Section II Sub-section Sub-section Also, in some cases, water can be contaminated if waste oil from construction vehicles is not tightly controlled. Waste oil entering the water environment will affect the ecological environment, affecting plants and animals, aquatic farming activities of the locals. Besides, at foundation construction in low-lying areas, when excavation foundation pit, there will have a underground water amount seepage into foundation pit. The amount water is pumped out regularly. In areas not affected by acidity, water pumped from the foundation pit does not cause a significant impact on the environment because wastewater contains high turbidity due to soil and sand contamination in the excavation process. For foundation pit in alkaline soil areas, foundations in sections from G7 to G9 and from G11 to G14, the excavation have the potential to leak alum and underground water is pumped from the foundation pit will be aluminated. The activated alkaline soil has large levels of Fe 2+, when it is flooded, volume of Fe 2+ is reduced to Fe 3+ and produce H + to decrease ph of the environment. Fe 3+ is insoluble matter can form infinitesimal grain that obstruct breathing and much disadvantage for some aquatic species. The generated H + is acidulated surface water due to reduced ph. When ph of the environment is low, exchange and buffering capacity of the soil environment is broken and the soil itself cannot be cleaned anymore. Thus, the environment is critical polluted, animals, plants, and microorganisms would be mass destruction, even the rice plants at low concentrations. If aluminated water is not control strictly, it will affect greatly farming activities of the people. If this water encroaches on paddy fields, crops or tree plantations, it will cause death or reduced productivity. And if it intrudes the fish pond, it will cause mass mortalities. Thus, at alkaline soil positions, water from foundation pit should be controlled and neutralized prior to discharge into the environment. However, the construction period lasts only 12 months and this type of wastewater is not concentrated, scattered in the foundations at low or shallow underground water floor areas, each foundation may be constructed for about 1 month. Therefore, the impact of construction waste water has been identified as not significant and can be control by appropriate drainage measures. Overflow rain-water: Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 117

127 The quality of overflow rain-water depends on many different factors, especially the hygiene conditions in the collecting water area. When constructing the 220kV TL project it s easy to occur overflow rainwater on the ground of foundations which can swept sand down the drain; without good drainage measures, it will cause stagnation of rainwater, creating negative impact on the environment. According TCN51-84, overflow storm water through the project area (mainly in the rainy season) is determined by the method of limits and intensity according to the following formula: In which: Q = q.ψ.f (l/s) (source: TCN51-84) q: Calculated rain intensity liter/second.ha; ψ: Average flow coefficient; F: Collecting rainwater area (ha). Alter the formula above we have the following: In which: : Unit exchange coefficient Q = 0, I. ψ.f (l/s) I: The max rain intensity in one hour, I = 50 mm/h ψ: Average flow coefficient, ψ = 0.6 f: Collecting rainwater area (m 2 ), f = 4, m 2 (the largest construction area at foundation MB8-24x24) Q = x 50 x 0.6 x 2, = (l/s) The greatest amount of overflow rainwater at foundation is l/s, equivalent to m 3 /hr. In general, the impact of pollution caused by overflow rainwater during construction phase is not significant. Rainwater has high turbidity due to entrained soil and part of construction materials in the construction process. In brief: Despite some negative impacts on the water environment during the construction and improvement of 220kV TL Project as described above, these impacts are not continuous throughout the process of project activities. These effects will disappear after the Project are completed. c) Impacts from solid waste (SW) and hazardous waste (HW) The construction of the project will produce a huge amount of SW including vegetation biomass arising from clearance, vegetation clearance, SW from workers activities, SW and waste oil from construction and machinery maintenance. Domestic solid waste: The domestic SW generating from daily activities (eating and other activities) of workers... Domestic SW usually are plastic bags, shredded paper, Styrofoam boxes, food waste,... and some other inorganic solids which can pollute local land and water environments. Basing on the estimated waste of 0.6 kg waste/head.day and the number of workers on site, the amount of waste generated during construction of the project is calculated as follows: Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 118

128 Table 3.15: Domestic waste generated in Project s construction phase No. Execution organization Number of workers Per day Waste (kg) Per month 1 Execution unit at section I Execution unit at section II ,014 3 Whole project ,120 The amount of waste generated in whole Project is 120kg/day. If this amount of waste is not collected satisfactorily, it can affect groundwater and soil quality in the area, making good conditions for bacteria and harmful insects. However, the construction workers are not concentrated but chronologically distributed at many positions, the amount of domestic waste is only about 9kg/ day in one position (each team consists of 15workers at one tower foundation). Because the construction positions go along the route, typically 366m apart from each other, the amount of domestic waste is spread evenly over the entire route. Thus, the impact of waste at each position will be negligible if waste is collected and handled satisfactorily. Construction solid waste: During the construction phase total volume of excavated soil in the foundations is 114,370.89m3, total volume of landfill is 87,952.66m3. Thus, the volume of excess soil from the excavation and filling is 26,418.23m3. This volume will be fully utilized to slope banks against erosion in the foundations. Therefore, there is no excess soil in Project s construction phase. Yet, if they are not tightly compacted in the embanking process, they are likely swept by overflow rainwater into the fields drainage systems causing salutation and clog in canals. In the process of casting and installing Project s tower foundation, there will be a lot of construction waste such as concrete debris, false work, steel scrap, crates... Without reasonable measures to collect and handle, this type of SW can be accumulated which will interfere the construction process, locally pollute soil environment, block the flow on having rain leading to flood. However, most of the SW can be recycled and re-used, so it would be easy to control and collect this kind of waste. In addition, parallel with upgrading the route, the existing 220kV route will be dismantled and recovered. All the materials, equipment and steel tower on the existing routes will be dismantled recovered transported to warehouses of PTC4. From here, the device that have reuse capabilities will be recovered and used for other projects or other purposes. The damaged equipment with incapable of re-use will be classified, stored and periodically transferred to the functional units collected. However, most of equipment and material on the existing route after dismantling are capable of reused or recycled and considered as valuable scrap. Thus, they will be collected completely, not disposed of outside construction sites. Arising solid waste need to be treated from the dismantling of the existing route is debris from dismantling concrete foundations. The foundation location on the existing towers that have the same centre line with the upgrading route will be dismantled totally. There are 26 tower foundation positions would be completely dismantled on the whole route. The tower foundation positions are located on the existing routes which do not have the same centre line with tower foundations on the upgrading route and located in residential areas will be demolished foundation level to natural ground, there are 50 positions will be demolished from the neck foundation to the natural ground l. The remaining positions are dismantled Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 119

129 towers only. Based on the foundations need to dismantle, volume of debris generated in each sub-section is calculated as follows: Table 3.16: Quantity of debris generates from dismalting existing foundations No. Construction site Quantity of dismantling foundation concrete (m 3 ) Quantity of debris (ton) I Section I Sub-section Sub-section II Section II 1, , Sub-section , Sub-section ,912.6 Hazardous waste (HW): In construction works, generated hazardous waste includes waste oil and oily rags from maintenance activities of machinery and construction equipment. Pursuant to Circular 12/2011/TT-BTNMT, waste oil is classified as hazardous waste (Code: ) and oily rag (code ). Waste oil and oily rags are inevitable in activities of maintenance and repair motor vehicles and transportation means. The amount of hazardous waste generated during Project s construction phase depends on the number of motor vehicles used for construction and transportation, the amount of oil emitted from motor vehicles, oil change and machinery maintenance cycle. According to the result of Military Technology and Science Centre Ministry of National Defense s research conducted in 2002 on recycling waste oil into liquid fuel, the average amount of waste oil generated by transportation and construction means after oil change is 7 liters/each time, oil change and machinery maintenance cycle is from 3 to 6 months depending on the operation intensity of vehicles. The number of vehicles and motorized machines serving for the Project s construction and installation activities is approximately 59 vehicles. The amount of waste oil generated from the Project s construction activities is estimated at 413 liters/each change, around 68 to 138 liters/month. The amount of waste oil generates at section I and II alternates from 15 to 30liters/month and from 53 to 107 liters/ month. However, most of this amount is generated in the maintenance centers and thus collected by these centers (the collection and handling of hazardous waste after maintenance and repair of motor vehicles are the responsibility of the centre). Therefore, the volume of waste oil generated at construction sites is very low, arising from small repair at the construction site Access impacts from non-relating waste sources a) Impact on environmental landscape: The process of clearing, grading, excavating and other construction works of the project will have an impact on the top soil environment in the region. Firstly, the excavation and embankment will change the top soil s structure. Grading and dumping waste soil (including soil, roots) unreasonably would adversely affect the sightseeing, causing erosion and sand corrosion (in rainy season). However, excavation and leveling only taken place at foundation with a medium area of Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 120

130 843.59m 2 (including permanently requisited area to build foundation and temporarily requisited area to use for construction). There are 125 foundations which is executed in succession. Excavation, construction and returning the temporarily requisited land are completed for each foundation in order to minimize the impacts. There will be only local effects at the construction site. The volume of excavated soil will be used entirely for leveling, sloping foundation and embanking to avoid erosion. After the TL is completed, temporarily requisited land will be return to the initial state. Thus, the impact of changes in top soil structure at Project site is identified as negligible. b) Noise from vehicles and construction equipments During the construction and improvement of the 220kV TL, noise mainly generating from construction equipments such as excavators, cranes, concrete mixers, pile drivers, compressors. Predicted noise levels generated from construction equipment are shown in Table 3.17 Table 3.17: Noise levels of construction equipments Equipments Noise level at distance of 15m (dba) Documents (1) Documents (2) Bulldozer 93.0 Compressor Grader Van Concrete mixer Shotcrete machine Generator Source: Documents (1): Nguyen Dinh Tuan et al, 2000; Documents (2): Mackernize, The table above showed that biggest noises during Project s construction and installation are generated by excavation and transportation (80-94 dba at a distance of 15m from noise sources) which exceeds the permitted standards in the manufacturing sector (85 dba). Radius of noise influence is calculated using this following formula (U.S department of transportaion, 1972): In which: M 1 M 2 = 20log(R 2 /R 1 ) M 1 : Noise level at postion 1 M 2 : Noise level at postion 2 R 1 : Distance from noise source to postion 1 R 2 : Distance from noise source to postion 2 Table 3.18: Noise level of machineries and equipment depend on distance to source (dba) Macheneries Distance (m) Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 121

131 Bulldozer Scraper Van The results presented in Table 3.18 shows that when the distance is doubled, the noise will be reduced by about 6dBA. Thus, beyond a radius of 250 m from the source, the noise generated by the vehicle is less than 75dBA (maximum permissible noise in common areas during the time from 06:00AM 18:00PM) In excavation and construction activities, noise is inevitable, but this is only temporary during construction. Therefore, the contractor will have specific plans to use construction equipments in a reasonable way in order to reduce the sources of noise, avoid simultaneously use noisy equipments and place them away from the affected area. c) Landslide and erosion Landslide: According to design, the TL traverses medium and large rivers and canal 28 times. The construction of concrete foundations at positions near rivers and canals may cause landslides of riverbanks and failures lead to reduction of natural drainage in the area. In addition, during the excavation if there is no measure to reinforce the foundation or secure the foundation slope, landslide may occur make it difficult to return to the initial state. Erosion: The terrain of area that transmission line traverses is relatively flat. Moreover, excavation, embankment and ground leveling are executed in dry season; the impact of soil erosion is identified as negligible. d) Impact on traffic of locals The process of gathering equipment and materials for construction of the project will involve transport activities. The activity should to concern is the transport of construction materials and equipment from the provider of the Project area. It affects major traffic areas. It increased motor vehicle traffic on the roads around the area, and can affect the movement of people in the area. The impacts of materials and equipments transportation from the supplies (Ho Chi Minh City and the local supply) on Project area are negligible. The transportation does not stress the transport system on the national highways and provincial highways. Besides, the TL crosses National highway No.1; thus, the long-distance transportation from the supplies to each section s yard does not impact on inter-provincial and inter-district transportation system The mobilization of transport means to transport materials, machineries, equipment from other areas of the construction sites and local project area cause increasing density of vehicles and can cause ground subsidence at inter-commune concrete roads in the project area. If the traffic does not have a combination of harmony, arrangement and scientific management, then stages will influence each other and may affect the environment and causing traffic accidents. Concurrently, the regular transport process reduces the quality of the road base, and degradation routes in the project area. Therefore, to minimize the environmental impact as well as the impact of traffic accidents, Project owner and contractors must calculate transportation options, optimize transportation Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 122

132 schedule as well as construction site to minimize adverse impacts and limit the traffic accidents. In addition to the impacts from transportation activities of the project, the traffic of locals is also affected by the stringing across roads and waterways. Stringing across roads will disrupt traffic at each crossing location at least 30 minutes. Stringing across rivers, especially rivers have high density of boat delivery, may disrupt waterway about 1-2hours. The crossover points between the TL and roads, rivers are as follows: - Cross National Highway No.1A: 03 times. - Cross National Highway No.62: 01 time. - Cross Ho Chi Minh City Trung Luong Highway: 02 times. - Cross Provincial highway: 04 times - Cross soil roads, communal roads: 57 times. - Cross medium and large rivers and canals: 28 times. However, most of canals and ditches within the project area are served for irrigation and irrigation water supply, not to serve the purpose of traffic. Thus, traffic disruption caused by pulling conductor crossing canals is negligible impact. e) Impact of outage of existing transmission line for construction The proposed transmission line has total length of km, the route is match together with the ROW of the existing 220kV Phu Lam Cai Lay 1 and 2 TLs. Hence, while construction it should to be arranged certain time to cut of power of related 220kV TL such as Phu Lam Long An 1 &2; Long An - My Tho 1 & 2; My Tho Cai Lay 1&2. Outage of some existing transmission lines will effect dispatch activities of the power system which may lead to increasing load for other TLs to ensure load demand in the region. The increased load on other TLs in the area may lead to overload and cause power failure and electrical accidents, etc. Besides, in case other transmission lines within the region cannot meet load demand during construction will lead to interrupted electricity supply for loads in the region and cause large influence on production activities which have electrical energy demand and economic activities in the region. However, during construction process there are appropriate construction plans to minimize the impact of outage of some related TLs as mentioned aboved and the outage will be coordinated with Load Dipatch Centre to ensure power supply to the load demand. f) Impact of pulling conductors across cultivated and residential areas Pulling activities through the paddy fields and orchards can be damaged trees due to clearance the route or pulling conductor. However, the pulling activity on the ground is carried out for fishing cable only. After fishing cables are after putting up the pulleys are mounted on the towers, then the impact on the ground is no longer available. Fishing cable has a much lower weight than electric cables and should be pulled manually, thus effects of pulling is also decreased slightly. Pulling of fishing cable impact on vegetation on two paths underneath the route only, each path is about 2-meter wide. The affected crops on pulling route are estimated and assessed in item Impact due to clearance and levelling (item ). Besides, the route has one section traverses residential area of Tan An city of Long An province, section from G9 to G11. Pulling goes across the local houses may damage their roofs, some parts if their houses and impact on the locality s activities. However, at span on residential areas, pulling activities Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 123

133 will be implemented parallel with dismantling the existing route. Thus, the existing TL is used as fishing cable to pull new conductor which not used pulling fishing cable on the ground. Thus, puling conductor passing the local houses is decreased significantly. In fact, pulling impacts insignificantly on agricultural activities and underneath works. Besides, pulling timing is short, these activities will be finished within a period of 3 4 hours/km. And pulling impacts on plants due to cutting and pruning on pulling route only. These impacts will be synthesized and negotiated for compensation with the local people before pulling. g) Impacts from the remnants of war. During the war, thousands of tons of bombs and mines used in the districts that Project passing through. The bomb clearance was done in the period of More than 30 years after the war, the consequences of toxic chemicals barely exist. Therefore, the impact of toxic chemicals in the ROW is negligible. However, this issue should still be taken care of at some places in the ROW to minimize the risk to workers. However, this project is proposed to construct in the existing ROW of the transmission line and current status of land use within the ROW is using mainly for agricultural production. Thus, the remnant explosive within project area is assessed low. And risk of collision with these remnant explosive may occur at foundation excavation only. SPMB has sent documents to the Military Headquarters of Long An and Tien Giang provinces to consult on the detection of mines and explosives in the Project area of Rehabilitation and Upgradding220kV Phu Lam Cai Lay No.2 Transmission line and received written feedback about guidance on demining. Therefore, the risk from unexploded bomb and mine in the War at Project area will be minimized. h) The other socio-economic impacts Impact on business and service activities: The construction of the TL crossover low-voltage TLs and communication lines may interrupt information or power provided services. However, the design as well as construction organization will be considered to ensure safe conditions. Thus, this impact will be minimized. If there is disruption of the mentioned services above, it is only temporarily effect during the pulling process, and these effects last about 1-2 hours at each crossover location only. In addition, excavation and construction foundations in residential areas likely to impact the water supply lines which affect water service. Therefore, prior to construction period, construction units have to carry out consultations local authorities and such service agencies to prepare plan dealing with the unexpected situations. Disturb the lives of locals: The Project construction which requires a large number of workers on site, combined with the utilization of space for the construction site will affect the activities of the people living along the project such as disturbing accustomed life, affecting law and security in the local area, causing local pollution in the project area. Spread epidemics: Due to poor sanitary conditions and the contacts between locals and construction workers, the infection can be transmitted from workers to locals and vice versa. However, the level of disease transmission will not be high because the construction team will be propagated and guided on disease prevention measures, the construction contractor will ensure sanitary conditions for workers, and most communes in the project area have clinics. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 124

134 Conflicts between construction workers and locals: In many projects in which the number of workers is large, especially workers who are not locals, conflict has arisen between workers and the locals. Due to differences in cultural behavior, construction workers may violate local regulations. The estimated total number of Project s workers is 200 people (each execution unit in section I has 35 people, each execution unit in section II has 65 people) of which 30% is local labor, thus this type of impact would be minimized Objects and scale of impacts in the construction phase Basing on the analysis of possible sources of impact, we can fully and accurately identify natural and socio-economic objects which are likely to be affected by the construction and installation of the project as follows: Table 3.19: Objects and scale of impacts in the construction phase No Objects Reason Scale 1 Air environment 2 Surface water environment Diffuse dust from excavation, grading, construction and transportation. Dust and exhaust gases from vehicles, machinery and generators. Noise from vehicles, machinery and generators. Domestic waste water of workers Construction waste water (water used for Time: Construction duration (1-2 months/ position) Level: Medium Scope: Local area (construction site and transportation roads) Kind of impact: Direct Possibility: High Time: Construction duration (1-2 months/ position) Level: Medium Scope: Local area (construction site and transportation roads) Kind of impact: Direct Possibility: High Time: Construction duration (1-2 months/ position) Level: Medium Scope: Local area (construction site and transportation roads) Kind of impact: Direct Possibility: High Time: Construction duration (1-2 months/ position) Level: Low Scope: Local area (camps) Kind of impact: Direct Possibility: High Time: Construction duration (1-2 months/ position) Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 125

135 No Objects Reason Scale cleaning machines, Level: Low equipments and Scope: Local area (construction site, water from warehouses) foundation s pit) Kind of impact: Direct Possibility: High 3 Soil and underground water environment Domestic construction waste and solid Disrupt top soil s structure leading to sand entrained by overflow rainwater Waste oil Sewage water and waste water from construction (water used for cleaning machines, equipments and water from foundation s pit) Domestic construction SW and Disrupt top soil s structure leading to Time: Construction duration (1-2 months/ position) Level: Low Scope: Local area (construction site, warehouses, camps) Kind of impact: Indirect Possibility: High Time: Construction duration (1-2 months/ position) Level: Medium Scope: Local area (construction site) Kind of impact: Indirect Possibility: High Time: Construction duration (1-2 months/ position) Level: Medium Scope: Local area (construction site and warehouse) Kind of impact: Indirect Possibility: Low Time: Construction duration (1-2 months/ position) Level: Low Scope: Local area (construction site and camps) Kind of impact: Direct Possibility: High Time: Construction duration (1-2 months/ position) Level: Low Scope: Local area (construction site, warehouses and camps) Kind of impact: Indirect Possibility: High Time: Construction duration (1-2 months/ Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 126

136 No Objects Reason Scale sand entrained by overflow rainwater position) Level: Medium Scope: Local area (construction site) Kind of impact: Indirect Possibility: High Biological resources Waste oil Landslide Diffuse dust, waste gases from vehicles Time: Construction duration (1-2 months/ position) Level: Medium Scope: Local area (construction site and warehouses) Kind of impact: Indirect Possibility: Low Time: Construction duration (1-2 months/ position) Level: Medium Scope: Local area (construction site) Kind of impact: Direct Possibility: Medium Time: Construction duration (1-2 months/ position) Level: Low Scope: Local area (construction site and transportation roads) Kind of impact: Indirect Possibility: Low Socio-economy Flood Obstruct local traffic Time: Construction duration (1-2 months/ position) Level: Low Scope: Local area (construction site and warehouses) Kind of impact: Direct Possibility: Low Time: Construction duration (1-2 months/ position) Level: Low Scope: Local area (construction site and warehouses) Kind of impact: Direct Possibility: Medium Conflicts between Time: Construction duration (1-2 months/ Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 127

137 No Objects Reason Scale construction workers and locals position) Level: Low Scope: Local area (construction site and camps) Kind of impact: Direct Possibility: Low Industrial and traffic accidents Time: Construction duration (1-2 months/ position) Level: Medium Scope: Local area (construction site and camps) Kind of impact: Direct Possibility: Low Impact Assessment in Operation Phase Sources of impacts in the operation phase The project s activity is to transmit power at 220kV-level from 500kV Phu Lam Substation to 220kV Long An Substation and Cai Lay 220kV substation. Therefore, when the Rehabilitation and Upgradding220kV TL is put into operation, it will help to upgrade the power supply infrastructure for the local area, make sure the continuous power supply, create favorable conditions for the production of the local areas, bringing socio-economic benefit for the Project area. Since there is no production activity generating waste, during the operation phase the impacts on the natural environment and socio-economy are mostly positive, the negative impacts in this phase are almost negligible which are described as follows: Table 3.20: Sources of environmental impacts in operational phase No. Activities Sources of impacts Impacts A. Sources of impacts related to waste 1 Protect the ROW 2 Inspection, maintenance Cutting trees that infringing safe distance Replaced damaged equipment + SW from vegetation may impact on soil and water environment + Generate industrial solid waste. B. Sources of impacts non-related to waste 1 Protect the ROW Cutting trees that infringing safe distance + Impact on flora and ecological environment 2 Transmits power EMF around the TL + Impacts on health due to EMF. + Impacts of EMF on communication systems Impact Assessment from sources related to waste a) Solid waste due to cutting and pruning trees within the ROW Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 128

138 In operation phase, to ensure safety for the ROW, the operator unit will be check the ROW periodically and cut, prune of branches and tops which are infringing safe distance or may be broken. Cutting and pruning activities will generate a volume of waste has flora origin. This SW is decomposited easily in a short time, so it is not danger for the environment. However, if such branches are not collected and appropriate treated, they will affect environmental sanitation. Especially in rainy season, leaves will be decomposed rapidly causing unsanitary conditions or entrained by overflow rainwater causing clogged drainage system. In dry season, leaves and branches are not concerned fire source. The route has a total length of km which traverses the vicinity of Ho Chi Minh City and Long An and Tien Giang provinces. The route traverses mainly agricultural cultivation which most of paddy field and orchards. Areas of paddy field and crops have no ability to infringe safe distance to power conductor towards vertical side. Areas of orchards have ability to infring safe distance of the route are sections traversing fruit trees and melaleuca growing areas. The whole route has 17,130 m go across orchards, and 1,950 m go across melaleuca area. However, cutting and pruning trees within the ROW at stringing section on the existing towers of the Phu Lam O Mon 500kV TL from G1 to G7are belonged to the Phu Lam O Mon 500kV TL project. Thus, the route has 15,480 m traverse orchards which have potential to infringe safe distance to the conductor. In addition, trees have ability to exceed the safe height are focused in the middle area of tower span where the distance between the wire and the ground is lowest. Thus, the area in the middle of tower span with a length is approximately half of tower span is the area that potentially infringing safe height by vegetation. And total length of the route will be inspected, trim or prune trees regularly is 7,740m. The area needs to trim or prune trees in the ROW is 16.76ha. The number of trees needed pruning cut tree is estimated to be 8,379. It is supposed weight trimming branches and tops should cut is 5kg/tree/ every 3 months. Volume of branches and tops need to cut is approximately 41.9tonnes every 3 months, equivalent to 14tonnes/month. However, area with tree infringing safe distances is mostly rural area so the tree will be utilized fully for firewood, volume of leaves and twigs remains very low. b) SW arising due to replacement damaged equipment During operational phase, the operational staffs will often check to detect the damaged equipment and replace promptly to prevent incidents; and conduct maintenance and repair periodically TL when the problem occurred. The repair and replacement equipment on the route will generate a large amount of industrial equipment from damaged ones. However, the 220kV TL was designed with working life more than 30 years, in normally operational conditions, steel towers and conductors may be used over 30 years which do not required replacement. Some equipment and accessories on the route may be damaged before the terms due to impacts of weather factors such as insulators, strings, etc. The volume of this SW arise very low estimated 80kg/month. The equipment and accessories on the route not contain hazardous material, thus equipment failure should be considered as normal industrial SW. All the damaged accessories and equipment are collected and transported on the East Power Transmission 2 to serve inventory. From here, the damaged equipment is classified, stored and transport processed periodically Impact Assessment from sources not related to waste a) Impact on the flora and ecology by cutting and pruning trees within the ROW Similarly clearance activities in preparatory phase of construction, the cutting and pruning trees within the ROW will also effect flora leading to ecological impacts in area close pruning. However, trimming trees which infring safe distance to the route only performed in the fruit-growing areas Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 129

139 within the corridor. Specificly, length of the route passing through the fruit trees need pruning is 15,480m. This is the garden ecosystem with flora is pure fruit species in the Mekong Delta. Therefore, cutting and pruning activities in the ROW only effect the plant underneath the route, does not effect the natural ecosystem. In these areas, there are no wild animals. Bird populations in the project area is the most common birds in the garden. Group of amphibians and reptiles in the region mostly fairy common species of garden ecology and plant field. Populations of these species are mostly not effected by cutting and pruning trees activities. b) Electric field around the TL The electric field intensity around the TL: The electromagnetic field is a special existence of matter, characterized by a set of electric and magnetic properties. The basic parameters indicating the characteristics of the electromagnetic field are frequency, wavelength and propagation speed. Around the current carrying conductor, exists simultaneously an electric field and a magnetic field. For direct current, these fields do not depend on each other, but for alternating current, these fields are closely related to each other and form a unified electromagnetic field. The current-carrying conductor will generate a concentric magnetic field. Amplitude of the magnetic field is proportional to current s amplitude and inversely proportional to the distance from the conductor. Magnetic field of many conductors is stacked into a common one in the area around. 750kV distribution equipment s magnetic field intensity is about 20-25A/m. The negative effects of industrial frequency current s electromagnetic fields are shown only in the magnetic field intensity of Am, so the risk assessment of electromagnetic fields from high voltage network shall be conducted mainly by the electric field intensity. Thus, around the 220kV Phu Lam Cai Lay 2 TL exists an electric field. Electromagnetic field intensity of the 220kV TL is calculated by the Japanese CRIMAG model. Basing on tower diagrams and distance from the lowest point of the conductors to the ground, considering the influence of the heaviest electric field intensity, the influence of the electromagnetic field under the ROW diagrams are calculated with typical column 220kV double circuits in positive phase and reverse-phase, the distance from the lowest point of the wire to calculated ground are from 7 to 10 meters. Through simulations calculating the electric field intensity in the surroundings under the TL, we chart the electric field intensity in 1 meter height from the ground, in which: - Vertical axis: intensity of the electric field E (kv m). - Horizontal axis: the horizontal distance (m) of the line. Coordinates X = 0 (m) in the transmission line s middle. - Chart lines of safe distance from the wire to the ground (Hat = 7m 10m). Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 130

140 E(kV/m) E(kV/m) Phân bố cường độ điện trường cách đất 1 m Đường dây 220kV (2 mạch bố trí thuận pha) 6 5 Hat = 7m 4 Hat = 8m Hat = 9m Hat = 10m X(m) Figure 3.3: Diagram of EMF distribution under 220kV TL (double circuit, positive phase) Phân bố cường độ điện trường cách đất 1 m Đường dây 220kV (2 mạch bố trí ngược pha) Hat = 7m Hat = 8m Hat = 9m Hat = 10m X(m) Figure 3.4: Diagram of EMF distribution under 220kV TL (double circuit, reverse phase) According to the requirements of the Decree 81/2009/ND-CP, electric field intensity should be 5kV/m at any point outside the house at 1m height from the ground and 1 kv/m at any point inside the house at 1m height from the ground. According to the designed height of towers of the route, distance from the lowest of conductor in the maximum sagging state to the ground is not less than 8 m at area has no people to live and not less than 18 m at residential area. Thus, considering the results calculated intensity at 1m height when the distance from the conductor to ground H =8m, the electric field intensity at the edge of ROW < 5 kv/m, reaching a maximum value allowed as Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 131

141 stipulated at Paragraph 4, Article 1 of Decree 81/2009/ND-CP that the electric field intensity at any point outside the house at 1m height from the ground must be 5kV / m. For the stringing conductor section on the existing towers of Phu Lam O Mon 500kV TL (after stringing this section is mixed three-circuit TL with one circuit 500kV and double-circuit 220kV) and crossovers with other high-voltage TL, value of the EMF underneath the ROW is value has electromagnetic interference of all power routes. Value of EMF within the ROW of mixed threecircuit section and typical crossovers are calculted as below. Figure 3.5: Diagram of EMF distribution under mixed three circuit of 500kV and 220kV TL Figure 3.6: Diagram of EMF distribution under intersection of 220kV and 110kV TL At the stringing conductor section on the existing towers of Phu Lam O Mon 500kV TL, because the distance from the lowest conductor to the ground is designed vastly large as 25.5 meters and layouted reverse-phase so the maximum EMF underneath the route at measured position 1meter above the ground is very low as 0.64 kv/m. The maximum EMF value within the ROW at crossover with 110kV TL is 0.92 kv/m. Therefore, value of EMF within the ROW of 220kV TL at this section and crossovers with other high-voltage TL are all smaller than 5 kv/m. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 132

142 Impact on human health: Low-frequency electric field affects the charge distribution at the surface of the conductive muscle and causes electric current in the body. The intensity of the induced current depends on the intensity of the external magnetic field and the size of the current loop in the body. When the current is strong enough, it can cause nerve or muscle stimulation. The research on environmental safety related to transmission system showed that electric and magnetic fields generated by the high and ultra-high voltage equipments can cause adverse effects for human health and ecology including: - Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field. - Electrostatic induction and electromagnetic induction. - The propagation of tension on the ground of transmission lines and substations. - The impact of technical interfere from electromagnetic field and transmission line. So far, there have been many studies on the impact of low-frequency electromagnetic fields caused by high-voltage transmission lines, especially the meticulously compiled monograph published in 2007 by WHO which used 1,093 references of 683 authors, mostly from 1990 to 2007, represents the entire understanding of the impacts from electromagnetic field of highvoltage transmission lines to human. However, the specific manifestation, level of impact, and mechanism as well as harm threshold of high-voltage TL s electromagnetic fields to human have not yet been confirmed. Although the results showed that the impacts do exist, the evidence is not clear enough. Among the studies, impact on cardiovascular function is carefully considered. There are "Research at the cellular level, Experimental research on animals, Research in labs and on human body, Epidemiological study on the population." Results show that in all cases there is no significant risk indicating signs of an increased risk of atherosclerosis or chronic coronary disease (some cases only show that there is a phenomenon of cardiovascular disorders at the transmission line workers who contact directly with high voltage current). At the same time, the research results published concerning the effects of electromagnetic fields on cells, tissues, organs (including of human) do not demonstrate a danger to human health. Till now, there has been no convincing or reasonable evidence showing that electromagnetic fields may cause cancer, have impact on nerve and reproduction, etc. However, the International Society for Prevention of Radiation (IRPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended: - Working under ultra-high voltage TL s electric field have to use protective equipment and clothing. - In the absence of adequate findings of harm threshold, contact with the intensity of 10 kv/m should be limited. According to EVN s "Electrical safety procedures" issued along with Decision 1186/QD- EVN dated December 07, 2011, allowing working hour in a day allowed depends on the electric field intensity as follows: Table 3.21: Electric field intensity and Working hours allowed in 1 day (24hours) Electric field intensity (kv/m) < >25 Allowed working Unlimited /6 0 Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 133

143 hours in 1 day Source: Table 1, Appendix 14 - Electrical safety procedures, issued along with Decision 1186/QD-EVN. So, in the case that the 220kV TL is operated, and maintained well to ensure the safety in the ROW, the distance from the lowest point of the conductor at the maximum deflection to the natural ground and safe discharge distance are guaranteed according to Decree 106/2005/ND- CP, Decree 81/2009/ND-CP, the electromagnetic field of the TL will not affect health of population at ROW s either side as well as the electric field intensity is <5 kv/m at any point outside the edge of ROW at 1m height from the ground. Impact on other transmission lines: The 220kV transmission line goes through the agricultural and some residential areas in Ho Chi Minh City and the provinces of Long An and Tien Giang. According to design, 220kV TL crosses some TLs in the region as follows: - Cross the existing 500kV Nha Be Phu Lam TL: 01 time. - Cross the existing 500kV Nha Be O Mon: 01time. - Cross the existing 220kV TL: 01 time. - Cross the existing 110kV My Tho Cai Lay: 01 time. - Cross the existing medium and low voltage TL: 134 times. The stringing in the crossover position may affect the operation of other transmission lines. If safe distance at crossover position is not large enough, TLs will influence each other in the operation process. However, in the process of design and construction, the crossover position has been processed to ensure the safety distance according to Electrical Equipment Code so that the magnetic fields of 220kV TL will not affect other TLs in the region. Electromagnetic field s impact on communication systems: The phenomenon of corona discharge on the surface of conductors and electrical equipments of high-voltage electrical system causes disturbance to the communication lines and equipments (radio, television, the measuring circuit, the control signal within its sphere of influence). When there is a short circuit incident, the induced voltage on the communication line reaches a high number endangering the operators and equipment. Also, when there is line-to-earth short circuit there may be impacts sheath of communication cables, control cables, low voltage cables because the insulation of these cables is very low (about V). If the impact is too high, insulators may be damaged and lead to incidents on communication network and signal or low-voltage grid. Accordingly, affected communication systems include nearby or crossing communication lines and radio center. However, this was calculated to ensure the current rules so this impact is insignificant. Effect of corona phenomenon on the TL to the radio equipments and televisions was designed at a reasonable extent and comply with the IEC and QCVN standards Objects and scale of impacts in operation phase As mentioned above, 220kV Phu Lam Cai Lay No.2 TL s operation will bring enormous benefits. Direct beneficiaries of this project are local people and the production activities in the region. If an incident occurs on the grid production activities in the region will be affected Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 134

144 as well. However, this Project is being constructed complying with the standard of electrical safety, then the possibility of any incidents is very low. Table 3.22: Objects and scale of impacts in operation phase Objects Reason Scale Ecology Cutting and trimming trees within the ROW Socio-economy Impacts of electromagnetic field Accident, electric shock, fire incident. Time: Operation duration Level: Low Scope: Local area (the ROW) Kind of impact: Direct Possibility: High Time: Operation duration Level: Low Scope: Local area (the ROW) Kind of impact: Direct Possibility: Low Time: Operation duration Level: Medium Scope: Local area (the ROW) Kind of impact: Direct Possibility: Low Impacts of Risks and Incidents The risks in the construction phase a) Labor accidents Labor accident is a potential risk during the construction phase for any construction work. For high-voltage work, there are some construction sites have low terrain; and works in height such as erecting towers, stringing conductor, lifting heavy equipments are dangerous works which require strictly safe working conditions. Labor accident is not influenced on environmental components but it may make a huge impact on the project. Labor accidents may impact directly on the health of laborers. Minor labor accident included concussions, fainting due to colliding and slipping while working in height and may be recovered after a period of treatment. Healthy attenuation due to labor accident will lead to reduced or completely lost working capacity which affects the victim lives, and cause burden to their families and the society. Especially, while the victims were the main laborers of their families, then the impact will be more serious. For the project, labor accidents may delay the progress of project implementation due to lost labor. Particularly, an occurrence of labor accident will affect the psychology of laborers and reduce working productivity. Overall, implication on socio-economic due to labor accident is quite large. Level of impact depends on level of severity of the accident. Therefore, the project owner should strictly comply with regulations on labor safety to minimize damage for the project as well as for society. b) Risk of fire Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 135

145 During construction phase, fire incident is also a potential risk related to the use and storage of fuel to serve for construction equipment. Fire incidents can cause more damage to people and property during construction. For high-voltage construction works, fuel is used for the construction equipment only with no large volume. Thus, in the construction phase, fire incident (if any) is partial fire and can be controlled in time. These fires may cause some damage to vehicles or burn directly labor who use burned vehicles. However, the work is being constructed in west area of Ho Chi Minh city and Mekong Delta, most of construction sites for new tower foundations and temporary storage yards are located in paddy field which has no possibility to spread fire. However, the project does have 48 construction positions in orchards. When there is a fire incident at the construction site near the garden, if the local fire works are not controlled in time, they will ease to spread the conflagration because the surrounding trees are easily catch fire and spread. Especially in dry season, dry leaves are a very flammable source. As the fire spreads beyond the scope of the project, it is difficult to control and it could cause great damage which can not foresee. Firstly, it will damage of burned trees, then there are works within fire area and in case of more severe damage, they may injure humans. Therefore, the project owner should strictly comply with regulations on protection and firefighting, equip fully protection and firefighting devices to control promptly newly formed fire. c) Risk of traffic accident Project location is located towards west of Ho Chi Minh city and Mekong Delta, density of traffic on the surrounding routes of upgrading section is not high, so impact of traffic accident is not large. Traffic accident (if any) within project area is identified mainly by roads lead to construction positions are narrow, while cause due to collision with other vehicles is very low. Thus, if there is an accident, then it influences mostly on itself. The location of the storage yard will be selected near the National Highway and Provincial road so the possibility of traffic congestion is very low. In addition, transit routes from storage yards to tower foundation locations are narrow and small but the transportation volume to each location is not large, so the possibility of accident is very low. However, the route has some tower foundations in the area of fish ponds and rivers corridor. The transportation by motorized vehicles to these positions may easily to cause accidents by using the narrow soil road especially in rainy season, soil road is slippery. When accidents occur during transportation, the amount of material spilled from the accident vehicles can affect the environment because rain water awashed this material into the surrounding fields, fish ponds or water environment. The volume of construction equipment at each foundation position is not large, and the number of vehicles gathered at each location is not large, thus, impact due to traffic accidents is negligible The operational phase a) Risk of fallen high-voltage tower High-voltage towers on the route of 220kV TL may fall due to lightning, wind, storms, or weak foundation, especially towers in the area along river can easily be victims of landslides. Firstly, fallen high-voltage tower will impact the objects around the tower foundation within an area has a radius equally with the tower height. In the ROW of the TL, there are mostly rice fields, orchards, fish ponds, thus this risk will cause fallen plants due to crushing by the weight of the fallen tower. The damage assessed is not large. Particularly, at section where it traverses residential area of Tan An city, risks of fallen tower (if any) will impact significant on houses and works of the local people who living around the tower foundation. Towers which may fall in this area cause severe damage for houses Also, this risk will cause larger Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 136

146 impact on the socio-economy as outages. When the tower falls or any incident of power grid, safety relay will be switched off automatically to prevent electric shock and discharge incidents due to circuits touching. The grid will be broken mesh and deactivated during troubleshooting. This will be disrupted power supply which affects production and other socio-economic activities in the load area. However, designing and supervising construction will be implemented well to ensure all safety standards. Tower foundations are designed basing on topography, geography, and meteorology-hydrology conditions in the area, thus it is guaranteed to withstand impacts of natural factors in the region in accordance with the natural law which were recorded within 20 years. Therefore, although the impact of incidents of downed electric towers are high, the possibility of this incident is very low. b) Risk of electric shock Risks of electric shock due to high-voltage works have two kinds. First electric shock due to direct contact with conductive devices of high-voltage work. Secondly, electric shock due to induction shock by appearance of voltage which is named electrostatic induction on objects have the capacity of electric conduction placed near high-voltage equipment. Direct electric shock may occur because the divide is damaged after its use for a period which does not guarantee safety standards, the protection device is not successfully operated or operation workers violate safety rules in repair, preservation, and maintenance of electrical equipment on the route. The scale of this risk affected by limited in site and direct labor who caused the incident. This incident is very dangerous which may cause fatal or permanent injury to people with an electric shock. However, to ensure the safety power grid is equipped protection relays which are switched off automatically when there is incident. Hence, electric shock will be minimized. Inducing electric shock often occurs with households live within the ROW but their houses are not carried out earthling roof. Inducing voltage in electrostatic induction phenomenon is quite large but actual current is quite small. Normally, this electric current is not enough to cause fatal accident but causes panic, fear and discomfort for people In the designing process, safety issues are concerned carefully, power grid is designed to ensure safety regulations and support earthing roof for houses within the ROW. Thus, electric shock will be minimized if people comply with safety regulations. c) Lightning The TL may be affected by direct or transmitted lightning. Great intensity of lightning currents can cut and damage the TL. However, to ensure the grid s safety, earth wires are installed in the TL. To protect against direct lightning, 2 earth wires are installed all along the TL. All of the towers are grounded, in accordance with the soil resistivity of the area that TL passing through, ensure the grounding resistivity pursuant to current regulations. The Project has been designed with lightning protection pursuant to QCVN. Normally, this problem may not occur. On the other hand, the device can be damaged over time or due to weather conditions, then the problem can occur. So the periodic inspection and test should be paid attention to after flooding or heavy rainstorms. d) The risk of natural disasters (earthquakes, floods...) In fact in designing the Project was based on the standards of construction safety, electrical safety and the local series data of nature over the last 20 years. The Project was designed in high-risk in terms of local natural disaster. So, incidents are not likely to happen except for Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 137

147 unusual circumstances Overall impact assessment For an overview of the environmental impact as well as the impact of the entire project, the environmental impact assessment of the project was based on methods of listing, grading and represented in the matrix form. The vertical axis of environmental impact assessment matrix lists the activities of the project and the horizontal axis lists the environmental aspects affected by the project activities. The level of impact is shown in the cross-cell between environmental aspects and the project activities. There has 4 levels of impact from do not affect to servelyaffect with the correlative impact score from 0 to 3. The level of impact of each activity to each environmental aspect is determined basing on the results of the environmental impact assessment shown above. The overall impact from each project activity is the average level of impact to each environmental aspect. The results of overall environmental impact assessment are shown in the table below. Table 3.23: Overall Project s environmental and socio-economic impacts No I Activities Preparation phase Air Impact Water Soil Biological resource Health Socioeconomy Overall 1.2 Selecting location Acquisition land II Construction phase 2.1 Excavating; leveling Constructing Transporting equipments and materials used for Project (cement, stone, soil, steel, equipments, fittings, ). Storing materials and fuel used for Project Workers lives III Operation phase 3.1 Secure the ROW Notes: Operating, repairing and maintaining the TL 0 Do not affect 1 Slightly affect 2 Moderately affect Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 138

148 3 Severely affect Summary of Project s environmental and socio-economic impacts shows that the environmental and socio-economic impacts from activities of Project s preparation and operation phases are low and impacts from activities of construction phase are from low to moderate. These impacts can be limited by measures to control pollution and minimize environmental impacts which are presented in Chapter 4 of this report COMMENTS ON GRANULARITY AND REALIBILITY OF ASSESSMENTS To assess "Rehabilitation and Upgrading 220kV Phu Lam Cai Lay No.2 TL" Project s impacts on the environment, the EIA methods described in the preamble are used in this report. The evaluation methods used are reliable because these scientific methods are widely used in the EIA for projects in the world and in our country. Some comments on the level of detail, the reliability of the evaluation are as follows: 1/ Check list Sources of available information to serve this method are taken from the survey reports, technical reports, feasibility study and description of construction of the project was carried out by PECC2 which is also the organization to prepare the EIA report for the project. Therefore, the information input source is quite complete and detailed to help fully listing out project activities. The report lists out activities of the project then identifies and lists out sources as well as the environmental impacts of the project. Results are showed in tables which help to identify and classify the different impacts on the environment and specify the direction of research. Thanks to full and detail information input source combined with the experience of professionals who have many years of experience in field of power transmission and environment, then the reliability of this method is quite high. 2/ Matrix From the evaluated environmental impact correlative with Project s activities which are identified by listing method, environmental impacts of the project are listed out simultaneously with categories of project activities, a matrix is formed with the vertical axis is the activities of the Project, while the horizontal axis is the environmental impact. Since then, the causal relationship between the activity and the effects were shown simultaneously, cells located between the rows and columns of the matrix will be used to indicate possible impacts. Level of environmental impact from each activity of the project will be identified by experts of the project. Results are showed in tables, general environmental and socioeconomic impacts of Projects. However, this evaluation method is only semi-quantitative or qualitative, basing on people's subjective evaluation. Therefore, granularity and the reliability of this method is assessed at average level. 3/ Rapid Assessment In the report, it is used a number of WHO s principles such as diesel s exhaust gas generation coefficient, pollutants load in sewage water to calculate pollutants concentration in sewage water; Using some estimated results to quickly assess the sources of solid waste and hazardous waste generated from activities of the Project. Construction quantities in construction phase and operational scale in operational phase are main information input which are used in this method. This method is widely used around the world to list and identify sources of pollution. This method is used in many countries and also in Vietnam. Information input for this method is Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 139

149 quite reliable. However, relying on WHO s pollution coefficient is not really set in accordance with the conditions of Vietnam. Therefore, this method gives out results that has granularity and reliability at average level. 4/ Modeling: The report uses empirical equations, the mathematical model of the authors in the country and abroad to calculate, forecast load of dust from excavation and landfill; noise level of equipments depending on distance to noise source; electric field distributed around the TL. The accuracy of the method depends on many objectives Many meteorological and specific parameters in project area have not been studied. Thus, some information input of modeling are chosen by experience, average or reference value at the same areas, then results of modeling have reliability at average level. 5/ Remote and GIS: The report is used satellite images in the project area, combined with GIS software (Acview, MapInfo...) to assess the current state of vegetation, river and stream systems and determinate correlation position of the project with other natural and socio-economic objects. Satellite images are served by this method taken from Google maps. Satellite images in the project area do not have high-resolution, then image interpretation results should only be used to aim field methods. This method should be used in conjunction with field results to give accurate results. Thus, granularity and reliability of this method is assessed at average level. 6/ Experts Some comments on the sources of pollution, environmental impacts were empirically evaluated combined with the overall observe between natural, socio-economic conditions and the Project s characteristics and size. The results of this method are used for the application of calculation models, applicable standards and materials in the report. The assessment is based on the experience of experts with years of work in the field of electrical engineering and the environment so the reliability of this method is relatively high. Table 3.24: The reability of assessment methods. No. Methods Reliability Low Medium High 1 Listing x 2 Matrix x 3 Rapid assessment x 4 Modeling x 5 Remote and GIS x 6 Expert x Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 140

150 Chapter 4 MEASURES FOR MITIGATING NEGATIVE IMPACTS AND PREVENTING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS The project s impacts on natural resources, environment and socio-economic development are evaluated and analyzed in details for various stages of implementation as mentioned in Chapter 3. With regard to the project s negative impacts, in process of preparation, construction as well as operation, SPMB together with contractors and engineering consulting companies shall concentrate on establishing methods to minimize and overcome negative impacts for various phases of the project s implementation. Details of such methods shall be shown and mentioned in this chapter in according to the following steps: - Minimizing and overcoming negative impacts at the preparation phase - Minimizing and overcoming negative impacts at the construction phase - Minimizing and overcoming negative impacts at the operation phase MEASUREMENTS FOR PREVENTION AND MITIGATION PROJECT S NEGATIVE IMPACT The Preparation Phase Minimizing impacts of the project location In order to minimize the impacts, the engineering consulting unit performed surveys and collected opinions of local communities, especially opinions of people living within the safety corridors of transmission line to design the optimal project that shall minimize losses of trees, houses, land, buildings, infrastructure system, and comply with the local planning and local policies of socio-economic development. Accordingly, the Project s total length is 71.83km passing through t Binh Tan and Binh Chanh districts - Ho Chi Minh City, Ben Luc and Thu Thua districts and Tan An City - Long An Province, Chau Thanh, Cai Lay districts - Tien Giang Province. To minimize the impact of the Project in the section passing residential areas in Ho Chi Minh City and Ben Luc district, the 2.82km section from busbar of 220kV Phu Lam substation to G1 (tower No.9B) will be maintained, the 23.63km section from G1 (tower No.9B at Tan Tao ward, Tan Binh district, HCM City) to G7 (tower No.61 at Nhi Thanh commune, Thu Thua district, Long An Province) will be strung on the existing towers of Phu Lam O Mon 500kV TL. The rehabilitation section s length is 45.38km starts from G7 (tower No.61 at Nhi Thanh commune, Thu Thua district, Long An Province) to busbar of Cai Lay SS (Nhi My commune, Cai Lay district, Tien Giang Province). The expected temporarily requisitioned for area construction site and permanently requisitioned area for foundations are mostly agricultural land and a small part of residential land with no houses or other structures. Vegetation in these areas consists of mainly rice, vegetables, fruit trees, and weeds. The Project s alignment has been agreed in these following documents: - Document No.747/SCT-QLNL dated 27/06/2011 of Department of Industry and Trade Tien Giang Province agreeing alignment of the Project Rehabilitation and Upgrading the 220kV Phu Lam Road - Cai Lay 2 TL section passing Tien Giang Province. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 141

151 - Document No. 2071/UBND-CN dated 30/06/2011 of the Long An Province People's Committee agreeing alignment of the Project Rehabilitation and Upgrading the 220kV Phu Lam Road - Cai Lay 2 TL section passing Long An Province. - Document No.1355/UBND dated 14/11/2011 of Binh Tan district agreeing alignment of the Project Rehabilitation and Upgrading the 220kV Phu Lam Road - Cai Lay 2 TL section passing Binh Tan district. - Document No.117/UBND dated 31/01/2012 of Binh Chanh District People's Committee district agreeing alignment of the Project Rehabilitation and Upgrading the 220kV Phu Lam Road - Cai Lay 2 TL section passing Binh Chanh district. The chosen location of the project is the most optimal one to minimize the impacts on living conditions of local people as well as socio-economic issues at regions that the project shall go through. The project s location did not have impacts on the national security and defense, telecommunication system as well as sensitive regions as mentioned in Item of this report. Moreover, the 220kV transmission line shall also contribute to improve infrastructure for regional power supply, ensure stable power supply for production activities, socioeconomic development at the local regions Minimizing impacts of land acquisition As mentioned in Chapter 3, the project s operation shall not inevitably avoid acquisition of land for construction of tower foundations that may affect on the local people s use of land. However, There is no resettlement of households in the Project. The land acquisition only will affect the farming area of people. 60 houses have to be grounded while 15 thatched houses have to be grounded and renovated (roofs only). In order to minimize impacts on the affected households as well as socio-economic issues, SPMB has carried out detailed studies of areas of acquired land, quantity of households affected by the project, policies and cost of compensation, support, plans of relocated farming. a) Legal framework and compensation and support policies The legality, policies, plans of compensation and support for re-farming, resettlement was proposed and summarized as follows: Legal base of Vietnam government Laws, Decrees and relevant guidelines are applicable to the project as follows: - Law on land 2003 (approved on 26/11/2003 by the National Assembly); - Decree No.106/2005/NĐ-CP dated 7/8/2005 providing directions and guidances for implementation of some articles of Electricity Law on safety protection of HV power; - Decree No.81/2009/NĐ-CP dated 12/10/2009 on amending and supplementing a some articles of Decree No. 106/2005/NĐ-CP (Decree 81); - Decree No.188/2004/ND-CP dated 16/11/2004 on methods to determine prices and frameworks of land price at various regions and types of land; - Decree No.123/2007/NĐ-CP dated 27/7/2007 on amending and supplementing a some articles of Decree No. 188/2004/NĐ-CP; - Decree No.197/2004/NĐ-CP dated 03/12/2004 on compensation, support and resettlement in some cases of which land are acquired by the Government (Decree 197); Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 142

152 - Decree No.69/2009/NĐ-CP dated 13/8/2009 providing additional regulations on of landuse planning, land prices, land acquisition, compensation and support of resettlement (Decree 69); - Decree No.84/2007/NĐ-CP dated 25/05/2007 providing additional regulations on issuance of certificate of land use right, sequence and procedure of compensation and support of resettlement when land is acquired by the State, and settlement of complaints on land (Decree 84); - Circular No.116/2004/TT-BTC dated 07/12/2004 issued by the Ministry of Finance providing directions and guildances for implementation of the Decree 197/2004/NĐ-CP; - Circular No.14/2009/TT-BTNMT issued by the Ministry of Resources and Environment dated 01/10/2009 providing regulations on compensation and support of resettlement, sequences and procedures of land acquisition, land allocation and land lease; - Decree No.06/2007/TT-BTNMT dated 02/07/2007 issued by the Ministry of Resources and Environment providing directions and guildances for implementation of some articles of Decree No. 84/2007/NĐ-CP; - Decree No.145/2007/TT BTC dated 06/12/2007 issued by the Ministry of Finance providing directions and guildances for implementation of Decrees No. 188/2004/NĐ CP and 123/2007/NĐ CP; - Decree No.57/2010/TT-BTC dated 16/4/2010 issued by the Ministry of Finance regulating estimation, use and settlement of cost for implementation of compensation and support of resettlement when land is acquired by the State. Current decisions of Ho Chi Minh City, Long An and Tien Giang People s Committees: - Decision No.35/2010/QD-UBND dated 28/05/2010 of Ho Chi Minh City People's Committee promulgating the regulation on policies of compensation, support and resettlement for land acquisition by the State in Ho Chi Minh City; - Decision No.82/2011/QD-UBND dated 18/12/2011 of Ho Chi Minh City People's Committee promulgating the regulation on land prices in 2012; - Decision No.55/2011/QD-UBND dated 20/12/2011 of Long An Province People's Committee promulgating land prices in 2012; - Decision No.55/2011/QD-UBND dated 01/03/2010 of Long An Province People's Committee promulgating the regulation on policies of compensation, support and resettlement for land acquisition by the State in Long An; - Decision No.46/2011/QD-UBND dated 22/12/2011 of Tien Giang Province People's Committee promulgating the regulation on land prices in 2012; - Decision No.02/2009/QD-UBND dated 16/02/2009 of Tien Giang Province People's Committee promulgating the regulation on policies of compensation, support and resettlement for land acquisition by the State in Tien Giang; Policies of the World Bank The proposed sub-project belongs to component 1 of the Transmission Efficiency Project (TEP) with the donor of the World Bank (WB). Therefore, besides applying compensation and allowance policy of the Government of Vietnam, resettlement plan of the sub-project is based on Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) of TEP. This RPF was prepared basing on Operational Policy OP/BP 4.12 of the WB on Involuntary Resettlement. The primary objective of the World Bank policy is to explore all alternatives to avoid or at least minimize Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 143

153 involuntary resettlement. Where resettlement is unavoidable, the living standards of displaced persons should be restored or improved relative to those conditions that prevailed prior to the subproject. The policy applies to the taking of land and other assets when land acquisition results in the loss of shelter, the loss of all or part of productive assets, or access to them, and the loss of income sources or other means of livelihood. (Main characteristics of OP 4.12 are detailed in Resettlement Policy Framework of Transmission Efficiency Project). The sub-project belongs to component 1 of the project Efficient transmission grid (TEP) with funding from the World Bank (WB). Therefore, in addition to the compensation policy applicable, resettlement support of the Government of Vietnam, the compensation resettlement support was based on the project's resettlement policy framework Efficiency Project transmission grid. This policy framework is established based on OP/BP 4.12 World Bank forced resettlement. The first objective of the policy of the World Bank is to research all the options to avoid or at least minimize involuntary resettlement. In case of force majeure, the standard of living of the people affected have been restored or improved their standard of living than before the project. This policy applies to the acquisition of land and other assets when land acquisition loss of shelter, loss of all or a portion of productive assets or inability to access them, and the loss of income or other sources of livelihood. (The main characteristics of the OP 4:12 is already listed in detail in the Resettlement Policy Framework of Effective Project transmission grid). Compensation and support policies applied for the project Compensation for households affected by the project is only considered when proprietary of trees, land, houses and the other affected properties are certified and confirmed by the local government. Compensation for the affected properties shall be priced in accordance with the current price framework issued by the provincial People's Committees. Policy of compensation for households owning the affected houses: - Use of land in the ROW of transmission line shall comply with regulations of Decrees No. 106/2005/NÐ-CP and 81/2009/NĐ-CP. - Households are only partly affected by the project and the remaining part is not affected, therefore, the affected part shall be compensated in accordance with the current price framework issued by the People's Committees. - Houses and buildings regularly used in the ROW of 220kV transmission line shall meet the safety conditions as regulated. In scope of the project, according to results of survey on the affected houses in the ROW, SPMB shall ground for 60 houses and renovate roofs as well as ground for 15 thatched houses to ensure safety in compliance with regulations on ROW of 220kV overhead transmission lines. Policy of compensation for households owning residential land, agriculture land and trees, crops: - Area of the temporarily affected land, land in the ROW temporarily affected during construction shall not be compensated, however rice, crops and trees shall be compensated in accordance with prices regulated by the provincial People's Committees based on type, age and productivity of trees. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 144

154 - For land in the ROW that is eligible for compensation, although the State shall not acquire it, its usability is limited and its compensation is regulated in Circular 116/2004/TT- BTC. - Pursuant to decision of land requisition issued by the provincial People's Committees, for land, properties permanently affected at locations of tower foundations, roads used for construction shall be compensated by the regulated prices. Area of land around location of foundation temporarily affected shall be hired by contractors, then it shall be returned to the initial before returning to SPMB and only compensate crops in accordance with the regulated prices. Principles of compensation to be applied: - Because the fact that if houses/structures meet standard, they can be kept in the ROW and no need resettlement, the Project owner takes the responsibilities to ground houses/structures in the ROW. - Plan of compensation, support has to ensure to maintain and further improve the standard of living of people in comparison with the one prior to the land acquisition. - Land acquisition must be carefully studied and reduced at the lowest level of impacts on people's lives. - Measures to rehabilitate people s lives include: (i) compensation at cost of replacement, without depreciation, or the materials that are able to be recycled for constructing houses and other buildings, (ii) compensation according to cost of replacement for affected agricultural land agreed by the owner, (iii) compensation at the cost of replacement for affected residential land agreed by the owner, and (iv) the costs of migration and the other regulated allowances. - Measures to rehabilitate the affected people s lives are performed before the scheduled date starting the project s execution in each region respectively. - Plan for acquisition of land and other assets and measures for support of rehabilitation must be implemented with participation of the affected people in order to minimize disturbance. Benefits to be provided to the affected people before the scheduled date starting the project s execution in each region respectively. - Public services or resources being available have to be maintained or improved better than the one before implementation of the projects. - Financial and physical resources and materials for rehabilitation should be already prepared to meet demands as necessary. Determining price of compensation: According to Article 8 of Decree 197/2004/ND-CP, land price for compensation is the price applied to land having the same intention of land use as the acquired land at the time of decisions of land acquisition issued by the provincial People's Committee yearly announced on 01 January as prescribed by the Government, not compensating according to the price of land that shall be changed intention of land use as stipulated by the Law. At the time making plan of compensation, the relevant agencies under the provincial People's Committee and the independent monitoring agencies (if any) shall conduct surveys on costs of replacement for land, trees, buildings and market prices for crops, the adjustment of unit prices of compensation shall be made by the provincial People's Committee (if necessary) to Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 145

155 ensure that compensation of land is equal to the cost of replacement and compensation for trees and crops at the market price. Support: In addition to direct compensation for the losses, the directly affected people are entitled to assistance under the provisions. The types of support are performed as follows: - Support in change of career and creation of new jobs in accordance with Article 22 of Decree 69/2009/ND-CP dated 13/8/2009 of the Government (for the land to be permanently acquired). - Households and individuals owning acquired gardens and ponds at the same parcel of land containing houses belong to the residential area that is not recognized and certified as residential land shall be compensated according to the price of agricultural land for perennial trees plus 60% price of the resident land at such parcel of land. - Support in rehabilitation of walls, roofs and earthing for households to stay in the ROW in accordance with Article 6 of Decree 106/2005/ND-CP dated 17/08/2005 detailing and guiding the implementation of some articles of Electricity Law on safety protection of highvoltage grid. Cost for rehabilitation of walls, roof and earthing will be paid by the Project owner. Implementation of plans of compensation and support SPMB shall coordinate with councils of compensation, site clearance of the provinces and districts to successfully implement the State's policy on compensation, site clearance as well as to ensure that lives of the affected families shall be improved better than the current conditions based on the spirit of democracy. Table 4.1: Implementation of compensention plan No. Description of activities Unit to be taken responsibility Organization and arrangement of meetings with the effected households, local government, social organizations (to inform about the project and the policies, collecting the people s opinion). Investigating details and determining the effected households, area of land and properties Informing the affected households about level of affection Determining prices of compensation policies of support 5 Payment of compensation cost 6 7 Internal supervision of compensation - site clearance of districts Independent supervision of compensation site Clearance of districts 8 Settlement of claims SPMB, the council of compensation of districts The council of compensation of districts The council of compensation of districts The council of compensation of districts SPMB, the council of compensation of districts SPMB Fatherland Front Committee of districts SPMB, the People's Committee at various levels Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 146

156 Schedule of remove and hand-over of the site Informing the affected households: All people affected by the project s execution shall be informed of all information relevant to the benefits and policies of compensation and support including: - Standards; - Benefits; - Methods of compensation; - Schedule, location; - Time receiving compensation; - Guidelines and procedures of compensations and claims during the project s execution. Time for last compensation: - Not less than 03 month prior to starting the site clearance, land acquisition, payment of compensation for the affected land should be made. - Not less than 02 month prior to starting land acquisition, compensation for trees and crops planted on the affected land and all necessary support specified in the project shall be paid. - Not less than 01 months before put the project into operation, compensation, support and removal of houses and buildings in the ROW should be finished, Clearance and hand-over of the site: In order to minimize losses of trees and crops, the project shall schedule time of site clearance immediately after complete harvest. People are allowed to use the entire agricultural products on their land acquired or temporary borrowed for the project s execution. For people owning land affected by the project s execution who has received the entire cost of compensation and support must complete dismantling and removal of all assets on the affected land, at least 15 days prior to construction. b) Minimizing impacts on land in the ROW Firstly, land which utility is limited due to the ROW will be compensated and supported in accordance with Clause 6 - Article 1 of Decree 81/2009/ND-CP. Accordingly, houses/structures which do not meet the standards existing in the ROW will be supported rehabilitation and earthing to meet the safety requirements in the ROW. The area in the ROW of Phu Lam - Cai Lay 2 220kV TL affected by the Project will be compensated/supported in accordance with the Resettlement Development Framework. After being compensated and supported, the affected households may continue to use their land with the limited functionality under the provisions of the power grid s ROW. To ensure the safety of land use in the power grid s ROW, a number of measures need to be applied as follows: - Ensure conductor s height and the maximum deflection in compliance with the provisions of chapter II.5 of the Rules for Electrical Equipment and provisions in Decree 81/2009/ND-CP, accordingly, in order for houses/structures to exist in the ROW of TL up to 220kV, electric field intensity should be 5kV/m at any point at 1m height from the ground. Therefore, the TL is designed with the conductor s lowest point in maximum deflection to ground 8m in unpopulated area and not less than 18m in populated area. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 147

157 - Equipt earthing wires and automatic relays to minimize electric shock and ensure the safety in the ROW. - The electromagnetic field intensity is checked at the start of project operation and periodically in accordance with EVN s regulations to ensure that the electromagnetic field strength does not exceed the current regulations. Periodically check and penalties for any violation of regulations of ROW safety protection Minimizing impacts of clearance and levelling a) Minimizing impacts of clearance Minimizing impacts on vegetation and ecology system: As described in Chapter 3, the process of clearance and ground leveling mainly affects agricultural ecosystem in the region. The entire project area is agricultural land and residential land, so the Project will not affect natural ecosystem. However, cutting trees and clearance will cause economic damage to farmers cultivated in the region. Besides, the vegetation clearance will affect the ecosystem in the area. To minimize these impacts, some measures need to be implemented as follows: - Demarcation, measurement, detailed inventory of affected plants and crops to compensate the affected people in accordance with the State s regulations and compensation policy framework of the Project; - Construction contractors are not permitted to cut trees outside the ROW; - Workers are not permitted to hunt birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals...; raise workers awareness of environmental protection; - Do not cut down the tree shorter than the height limit in the ROW; - Use manual methods for vegetation clearance; limit usage of machinery and herbicides to protect natural ecosystem; - Protect the vegetation along the rivers, especially the natural vegetation because it is the home of birds, some species of amphibians, reptiles and aquatic organisms. Minimizing the impacts of cleared vegetation: To minimize impact on the environment, the amount of vegetation arising after clearance should be cleaned and processed. As described in Chapter 3, the Project is implemented mainly in rural areas, so the cut down vegetation will be used as firewood. Thus, after clearance, the trees will be trimmed, cut and piled in the open area for the people to collect. The twigs and leaves have been swept, piled and buried at position approved by the land owners. b) Minimizing the impacts of ground levelling The ground leveling leads to insignificant amount of dust and emission. Besides, the ground leveling positions are located in the rice fields, gardens far away from the residential area so the impact of dust and emission is small. For some construction positions near residential area, construction sites should be shielded and water spray to limit dust diffusion Apart from the impact of dust and emission, the ground leveling can cause erosion in the process of leveling, certain impacts to ecological environment and cultivated land. To minimize this effect, some measures are proposed as follows: - Negotiate with local people, implement compensation policy at high standard. Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 148

158 - Protect the vegetation around temporary construction sites, especially natural vegetation near the rivers; - Reinforcement to avoid erosion if necessary; - The land which is temporarily occupied for construction activities will be completely returned to the original purpose The construction phase During construction, impacts on environment are unavoidable. However, the impacts caused by the construction works shall last for a certain period (12 months). Therefore, the impacts on environment during construction shall also last for such period. SPMB and contractors shall provide measures to minimize negative impacts on environment during the process of project implementation. The following measures shall be applied to the project: Methods to organize and execute the project construction - Advanced measures of construction, mechanized operations and construction are applied in order to shorten the execution time of works. However, a number of works should be manually executed to minimize impacts caused by mechanical means of construction; - Groups of construction workers are established for each essential work to manage and responsible during the process of execution; - Successive construction method is applied for each foundation of tower, quick execution in appropriate sequence of construction works to ensure to shorten the construction time, quickly returning the layout of construction, to ensure traffic safety and minimize negative effects caused by dust, gases, waste emissions... in e construction area; - Safety measures during construction is performed such as appropriate time and sequence of construction; appropriate arrangement of construction works; reasonable arrangement of construction layout...; - Preservation of raw materials, fuels strictly complies with regulations on transportation and storage that has propagated to all employees working on the site Minimizing the air pollution a) Methods to minimize pollution caused by diffusion dust A significant amount of dust is caused by the following phases during the process of project construction and installation: - Dust generated from digging, construction of works ; - Dust generated from transportation, gathering materials and equipment. In order to minimize dust at the working environment and protect the health of workers and employees as well as residents living around the project area the following measures should be applied: - Before starting to execute the construction works, the construction area must be covered in order to isolate the construction site with the surrounding area, to minimize dust and dirt spread out around the area and prevented people from entering during construction. Around location of each tower foundation (including area of basement and layout of temporary construction) should be shielded with a corrugated iron sheet with the height of 2 m; Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 149

159 - Watering on the sunny days in the area that likely generates dust in order to minimize diffuse dust. Water spraying shall be repeated in a certain period of time to ensure minimum moisture of all the surface of the affected area. Control of dust is implemented as a continuous task throughout the construction process. - Vehicles transporting materials (soil, sand, stone, cement...) should be covered to prevent the diffuse dust and spilled soil, sand, materials and dust. - Transportation vehicles before leaving the site should be washed to remove dirt on the wheel that is able to be scattered during transportation. Contractor shall arrange wheel washing area at entrance of the site. - Appropriate methods of transportation are applied to minimize dust such as canvas used to cover materials during transportation. - Appropriate arrangement of transporting routes, management of local traffic in the area of construction. Checking means of construction to ensure that construction equipment and machinery is available in the best technical condition. - For the storage of construction materials: cement is gathered and stored in warehouses, sand is preserved outdoor and covered by canvas against rain and diffuse dust; rocks, bricks,...being less generated dust is preserved outdoors, no methods of preservation applied. - All materials are gathered or piles of excavated soil will be enclosed or covered to reduce dust and moisture spread by wind. b) Methods to minimize pollution caused by emissions One of the problems of environmental pollution that is evaluated as the most important during construction is air pollution generated from mechanical equipment such as bulldozers, excavators, compactors, portable generators and the means of transportation such as trucks, dump trucks... Emissions are mainly generated from combustion of engine oil of mechanical vehicles. Due to scattered waste generation and unfeasible treatment solution, however, in order to minimize negative impacts of sources of air pollution mentioned above, the project will perform reasonable solutions of management, appropriate organization of construction to efficiently use the fuel, reduce generation of emissions. Measures to prevent and minimize pollution caused by emissions are proposed as follows: - Emissions caused by means of transportation, machinery, equipment must be inspected based on Vietnam standards for CO, hydrocarbons and dust (QCVN ). In theory, this method is feasible. However, the current reality shows that registry for equipment, machinery and automobiles are still limited, especially for machinery, equipment and vehicles being used. Therefore, to apply these measures to the project, SPMB ensures that the requirement of emissions for machinery / construction equipment shall be proposed in the bidding documents of project (request for certificate issued by the Registration Department on approval of emission); - Vehicles are not permitted to transport more than the amount specified by the manufacturer, limit the operation of engine during the period waiting for loading or unloading materials; - Construction means are only operated within period of working time, mechanical vehicles that are too old should not be further used to minimize air pollution since old vehicles can generate emissions in excess of permitted levels; - Periodic inspection and maintenance of motor of vehicles, using gasoline fuel with low Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 150

160 sulfur content (DO oil with a sulfur content 0.25% proposed to use), using right fuel is required and designed by manufacturer to reduce pollution; - For vehicles for transporting fuels, large tonnage materials, management and organizational measures applied to these vehicles should be appropriate to avoid congestion that can cause air pollution. c) Methods to minimize noise pollution In order to minimize impacts of noise, measures of time management is the most convenient. Accordingly, the project's activities should be only performed on the daytime and limited activities on the night. Do not use construction machinery was obsolete because they will cause huge noise pollution. Measures to prevent noise are more positive and flexible than methods of soundproof and completely eliminated noise. However, these methods are relatively expensive and not feasible in the cases that noise source is construction equipment and machinery (bulldozers, earth excavators, trucks, concrete mixer trucks...). Thus, to minimize noise in the working environment and protect the health of construction workers as well as people living around the project area, it is necessary to perform the following measures: - Used means of construction and transportation are still in period of inspection, and their operation at designed capacity; - Arrange reasonable schedule of works so as to avoid the noise generated from a lot of machines at the same time that can cause cumulative impacts; - Regulate on speed of transportation means in the construction site; - Regular maintenance and periodic inspection of vehicles of transportation to ensure environmental standards and regulations as regulated and ensure good operating machinery; - Pay attention to reduce works of construction (such as poles, cutting building materials...) that can cause the noise at night to avoid the noise affecting the residents around ; - Machinery and equipment shall be arranged to operate so as to minimize the collision during loading of building materials; - In addition, SPMB shall also create favorable working conditions for workers, and reasonable arrangement of working and rest time. Equipping armed with ear plugs to workers who directly operate the machinery generating the large noise and workers who work in areas with many equipment causing noise, minimizing impacts on health caused by noise Minimizing negative impacts on water environment During construction and installation of transmission line, sources of water pollution are mainly sewage water of workers on the site, sewage of construction and overflown rainwater in the construction area. a) Sewage water As described in Chapter 3, amount of sewage arising from 200 people in the entire project is 16 m 3 /day. The sewage is mainly from 4 construction sites, the average amount sewage in one construction site at section II is 5,2 m 3 /day and section I is 2,8 m 3 /day. The number of workers in each site is 65 people in section II and 35 people in section I, 30% of which is local people, thus, the real sewage will be lower than calculation. The construction time is around 12 months. Density of pollutants in sewage water exceeds a lot of times in Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 151

161 D 1,5 m comparison with the standard of sewage water (QCVN 14:2008 / MONRE). Thus, the sewage must be collected to ensure sanitation for the area. In each construction site, construction contractor shall arrange and install mobile toilets to collect domestic sewage. Besides, construction contractor shall install faucets and washing facilities for workers. About each 2 months, the construction contractor will hire Urban Environmental Services handle the waste. Mobile toilet and composite septic tank are commonly used in the construction site area in Vietnam, as shown below: Figure 4.1: Mobile toilet and composite septic tank Domestic sewage is collected via mobile toilet, suspended solids and other pollutants are retained in the septic tank. The septic tanks perform two functions simultaneously, sediment and decomposition. After running through septic tank, most polluted components have been eliminated from water. Typically, the processing performance of septic tank reaches 60-80%. Thus, after sewage is treated through septic tanks, the average concentration of contaminants is still 2 times higher than QCVN 14:2008/MONRE. However, the amount of domestic sewage in one construction site is not two much (2.8 to 5.2m 3 ) and distributed in four positions including: - Section I: From Phu Lam 500kV SS to 220kV Long An SS Sub-section 1.1: from starting point to G5, at Tan Nhut commune, Binh Chanh district, HCM City; Sub-section 1.2: from G5 to Long An SS, at Thanh Duc commune, Ben Luc district, Long An Province; - Section II: from 220kV Long An SS to 220kV Cai Lay SS Sub-section 2.1: from Long An SS to G14, at Binh Thanh commune, Thu Thua district, Long An Province; Sub-section 2.2: from G14 to ending point, at Nhi My commune, Cai Lay district, Tien Giang Province. Sewage s ingredients are mostly organic, without harmful ingredients. The amount generated at each construction site is not too much in the time of 12 months. Building sewage treatment system which meets the standard of QCVN 14:2008/MONRE is impractical. Besides, construction sites are mostly in rice fields, gardens, so after being processed through the septic tank, domestic sewage causes insignificant impact on the environment. Fields and orchards around the construction sites are capable of absorbing and decomposing the remaining organic matters in the sewage without affecting the environment. b) Construction sewage Consultant: Power Engineering & Consultant J.S.C No.2 Page 152