APPENDIX C NJDEP CERTIFICATION LETTER & NJCAT VERIFICATION REPORT

Transcription

1 APPENDIX C NJDEP CERTIFICATION LETTER & NJCAT VERIFICATION REPORT

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3 PHILIP D. MURPHY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION CATHERINE R. MCCABE Governor Mail Code B Acting Commissioner Division of Water Quality Bureau of Nonpoint Pollution Control SHEILA Y. OLIVER P.O. Box E. State St. Lt. Governor Trenton, NJ Phone: (609) / Fax: (609) Chris Demarest May 25, 2018 Product Development Manager Oldcastle Precast Inc Southpark Plaza, Suite 200 Littleton, CO Re: MTD Laboratory Certification Biopod Biofilter with StormMix Media Off-line Installation TSS Removal Rate 80% Dear Mr. Demarest: The Stormwater Management rules under N.J.A.C. 7:8-5.5(b) and 5.7(c) allow the use of manufactured treatment devices (MTDs) for compliance with the design and performance standards at N.J.A.C. 7:8-5 if the pollutant removal rates have been verified by the New Jersey Corporation for Advanced Technology (NJCAT) and have been certified by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP). Oldcastle Precast Inc. has requested a Laboratory Certification for the Biopod Biofilter with StormMix Media. This project falls under the Procedure for Obtaining Verification of a Stormwater Manufactured Treatment Device from New Jersey Corporation for Advanced Technology dated January 25, The applicable protocol is the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Laboratory Protocol to Assess Total Suspended Solids Removal by a Filtration Manufactured Treatment Device dated January 25, NJCAT verification documents submitted to the NJDEP indicate that the requirements of the afore mentioned protocol have been met or exceeded. The NJCAT letter also included a recommended certification TSS removal rate and the required maintenance plan. The NJCAT Verification Report with the Verification Appendix (dated May 2018) for this device is published online at New Jersey is an Equal Opportunity Employer Printed on Recycled Paper and Recyclable

4 The NJDEP certifies the use of the Biopod Biofilter with StormMix Media by Oldcastle Precast Inc at a TSS removal rate of 80%, when designed, operated and maintained in accordance with the information provided in the Verification Appendix and subject to the following conditions: 1. The maximum treatment flow rate (MTFR) for the manufactured treatment device (MTD) is calculated using the New Jersey Water Quality Design Storm (1.25 inches in 2 hrs) in N.J.A.C. 7: The MTFR is based on 1.8 gpm/ft 2 (0.004 cfs/ft 2 ) of effective filtration treatment area. 2. The Biopod Biofilter with StormMix Media shall be installed using the same configuration as the unit verified by NJCAT, and sized in accordance with the criteria specified in item 6 below. 3. This device cannot be used in series with another MTD or a media filter (such as a sand filter), to achieve an enhanced removal rate for total suspended solids (TSS) removal under N.J.A.C. 7: Additional design criteria for MTDs can be found in Chapter 9.6 of the New Jersey Stormwater Best Management Practices (NJ Stormwater BMP) Manual which can be found on-line at 5. The maintenance plan for a site using this device shall incorporate, at a minimum, the maintenance requirements for the Biopod Biofilter with StormMix Media, which is attached to this document. However, it is recommended to review the maintenance website at for any changes to the maintenance requirements. 6. Sizing Requirements: The example below demonstrates the sizing procedure for a Biopod Biofilter with StormMix Media. Example: A 0.25-acre impervious site is to be treated to 80% TSS removal using Biopod Biofilter with StormMix Media. The impervious site runoff (Q) based on the New Jersey Water Quality Design Storm was determined to be 0.79 cfs or gpm. The selection of configuration for use in the Biopod Biofilter with StormMix Media is based upon both the MTFR and the maximum inflow drainage area. It is necessary to select the configuration using both methods and to rely on the method that results in the larger configuration determined by the two methods. Page 2 of 5

5 Inflow Drainage Area Evaluation: The drainage area to the Biopod Biofilter with StormMix Media in this example is 0.25 acres. Based upon the information in Table A-1 below, any of the certified models of Biopod Biofilter with StormMix Media can be used to treat the impervious area without exceeding the maximum drainage area. Maximum Treatment Flow Rate (MTFR) Evaluation: The site runoff (Q) was determined based on the following: time of concentration = 10 minutes i = 3.2 in/hr (page 5-8, Fig. 5-3 of the NJ Stormwater BMP Manual) c = 0.99 (runoff coefficient for impervious) Q = cia=0.99x3.2x0.25 = 0.79 cfs Based on a flow rate of 0.79 cfs and the information in Table A-1 below, multiple units will be required to use Biopod Biofilter with StormMix to treat the impervious area without exceeding the MTFR. Any combination would be acceptable as long as the flowrate to each unit does not exceed its MTFR, the total MTFR for all of the units equals or exceeds 0.79 cfs, and the entire 0.25 acre is treated by one of the units. Two examples are shown below: Example 1: 9 units of the 4 x 6 model without internal by-pass. 9 units x cfs (MTFR)=0.864 cfs Since this exceeds 0.79 cfs, this configuration is acceptable as long as the flow to each individual unit does not exceed the MTFR of cfs, and the entire 0.25 acre area is treated by one of the 9 units. Example 2: 7 units of the 4 x 8 model without internal by-pass. 7 units x cfs (MTFR)=0.896 cfs Since this exceeds 0.79 cfs, this configuration is acceptable as long as the flow to each individual unit does not exceed the MTFR of cfs, and the entire 0.25 acre area is treated by one of the 7 units. The MTFR Evaluation results will be used since that method results in the larger minimum configuration determined by the two methods. Page 3 of 5

6 The sizing table corresponding to the available system models are noted below: Table A-1 BioPod Biofilter Model Sizes and New Jersey Treatment Capacities Configuration BioPod BioPod with Internal Bypass Dimensions (ft) Effective Filtration Treatment Area (ft 2 ) Maximum Treatment Flow Rate 1 (cfs) Drainage Area 2 (Acres) 4 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Be advised a detailed maintenance plan is mandatory for any project with a Stormwater BMP subject to the Stormwater Management Rules, N.J.A.C. 7:8. The plan must include all of the items identified in Stormwater Management Rules, N.J.A.C. 7: Such items include, but are not limited to, the list of indication of problems in the system, and training of maintenance personnel. Additional information can be found in Chapter 8: Maintenance and Retrofit of Stormwater Management Measures. If you have any questions regarding the above information, please contact Brian Salvo or Nick Grotts of my office at (609) Sincerely, James J. Murphy, Chief Bureau of Nonpoint Pollution Control Page 4 of 5

7 Attachment: Maintenance Plan cc: Chron File Richard Magee, NJCAT Vince Mazzei, NJDEP - DLUR Ravi Patraju, NJDEP - BES Gabriel Mahon, NJDEP - BNPC Brian Salvo NJDEP BNPC Nicholas X. Grotts NJDEP BNPC Page 5 of 5

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9 NJCAT TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION BioPod Biofilter with StormMix Media Oldcastle Precast Inc. May 2018

10 Table of Contents Table of Contents... i List of Figures... ii List of Tables... iii 1. Description of Technology Laboratory TestingTes Test Setup Test Sediment Removal Efficiency Testing Sediment Mass Loading Capacity Testing Scour Testing Performance Claims Supporting Documentation Removal Efficiency Sediment Mass Loading Capacity Filter Driving Head Design Limitations Maintenance Plans Statements References Verification Appendix i

11 List of Figures Page Figure 1 BioPod Biofilter... 2 Figure 2 Test Flow Loop Layout... 3 Figure 3 Photograph of Test Flow Loop... 4 Figure 4 Gutter Tray... 4 Figure 5 BioPod TM Biofilter Effluent Pipe... 5 Figure 6 Background Sampling Point... 6 Figure 7 Average Particle Size Distribution of Test Sediment... 7 Figure 8 Sediment Sampling Point... 8 Figure 9 Removal Efficiency vs Sediment Mass Loading for the BioPod Biofilter Figure 10 Increase in Driving Head vs Sediment Mass Load ii

12 List of Tables Page Table 1 Standard Precast BioPod Biofilter Configurations... 2 Table 2 Particle Size Distribution of Test Sediment... 7 Table 3 Removal Efficiency Sampling Frequency... 9 Table 4 Removal Efficiency Water Flow Rate Table 5 Removal Efficiency Sediment Feed Rate Table 6 Removal Efficiency Drain Down Losses Table 7 Removal Efficiency SSC Data Table 8 Removal Efficiency Results Table 9 Sediment Mass Loading Water Flow Rate Table 10 Sediment Mass Loading Sediment Feed Rate Table 11 Sediment Mass Loading Drain Down Losses Table 12 Sediment Mass Loading SSC Data Table 13 Sediment Mass Loading Removal Efficiency Results Table A-1 BioPod Biofilter Model Sizes and New Jersey Treatment Capacities iii

13 1. Description of Technology The BioPod Biofilter (BioPod ) system with StormMix filter media is a stormwater biofiltration treatment system that uses physical, chemical and biological treatment processes such as filtration, sorption, and biological uptake to remove total suspended solids (TSS), metals, nutrients, gross solids, trash and debris, and petroleum hydrocarbons from stormwater runoff. The BioPod system uses engineered, high flow rate StormMix filter media to remove stormwater pollutants, allowing for a smaller footprint than conventional bioretention systems. Within a compact precast concrete vault, the BioPod system consists of a biofiltration chamber and an optional integrated high-flow bypass with a contoured inlet rack to minimize scour. The biofiltration chamber is filled with layers of aggregate (which may or may not include an underdrain), StormMix biofiltration media, and mulch. The BioPod system can be configured with either an internal or external bypass. The internal bypass allows both water quality flows and bypass flows to enter the system. The water quality flows are directed to the biofiltration chamber and the excess flows are diverted over the bypass weir without entering the biofiltration chamber. Both the treatment flows and bypass flows are combined in the outlet area prior to discharge out of the system. BioPod units without an internal bypass are designed such that only treatment flows enter the system. When the system has exceeded its treatment capacity, additional flows will continue down the gutter to the nearest external bypass structure. This bypass structure may be, but is not limited to, a storm drain inlet, pond, detention structure or swale located downstream of the BioPod. The BioPod system can be configured as a tree box filter with tree and grated inlet, as a planter box filter with shrubs, grasses and an open top, or as an underground filter with access risers, doors and a subsurface inlet pipe. In addition, an open bottom configuration is available, to promote infiltration and groundwater recharge. The configuration and size of the BioPod system can be designed to meet the specific requirements of each individual project. The BioPod sizes are listed in Table 1. The configuration of the standard BioPod system is shown in Figure 1. As with any stormwater treatment system, the BioPod requires regular maintenance to prolong the life of the system. Periodic maintenance includes removal of gross pollutants from the biofiltration chamber and removal and replacement of the mulch layer as needed. Frequency of maintenance depends on the conditions of the site and performance of the system. 1

14 Table 1 Standard Precast BioPod Biofilter Configurations Length Width Media Surface Area Flow Rate (feet) (feet) (square feet) (gallons/minute) Figure 1 BioPod Biofilter 2

15 2. Laboratory Testing The test program was conducted by Good Harbour Laboratories, an independent water technology testing lab, at their site in Mississauga, Ontario. Testing occurred during the month of October The BioPod Biofilter system that was tested in the laboratory consisted of a standard biofiltration chamber and inlet contour rack with bypass weir, in a 4-foot by 6-foot vault made of plywood. In commercial systems, the internal components are typically housed in a concrete vault. For this testing however, the use of a plywood vault was proposed due to the difficulties associated with transporting and physically supporting the weight of a concrete vault. The plywood vault of the test unit was equivalent to commercial concrete vaults in all key dimensions. The use of the plywood vault in lieu of concrete did not have an impact on system performance. Additionally, the test unit did not have a concrete top that would be associated with a unit installed below grade. For lab testing there was no need for a concrete top as it would inhibit access to the unit. There was no effect on testing by not having a top on the unit. In order to mimic a roadway gutter line and direct influent flow to the unit, the test system was configured with a manufactured gutter tray, fitted to the outside of the test unit. Laboratory testing was done in accordance with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Laboratory Protocol to Assess Total Suspended Solids Removal by a Filtration Manufactured Treatment Device (January 2013b). Prior to starting the performance testing program, a quality assurance project plan (QAPP) was submitted to and approved by the New Jersey Corporation for Advanced Technology (NJCAT). 2.1 Test Setup The laboratory test setup was a water flow loop filled with potable water. The loop was comprised of storage tanks, pumps, receiving tank and flow meters, in addition to the BioPod Biofilter. The test flow loop layout is illustrated in Figure 2 and shown in Figure 3. Storage Tank Storage Tank Storage Tank Centrifugal Pump Temperature Data Logger (underneath Inlet Contour Tray) Effluent Sample Point Vibratory Auger Feeder Flow Meter & Data Logger Receiving Tank BioPod Biofilter Background Sample Point Filter Vessel Figure 2 Test Flow Loop Layout 3

16 Water Flow and Measurement Figure 3 Photograph of Test Flow Loop From the storage tanks, water was pumped using a WEG Model FC00312 centrifugal pump through a 3ʺ PVC line that transitioned to 8 prior to the sediment addition point. Flow was measured using a Toshiba Model GF630 mag-type flow meter and recorded using a MadgeTech Process 101A data logger. The data logger recorded a flow measurement once every minute. The water in the flow loop was circulated through a filter vessel containing high-efficiency pleated bag filters with a 0.5 µm absolute rating. The filter was a sealed vessel that always maintained a constant volume. The influent pipe discharged onto a gutter tray to mimic the flow of water as it would enter the BioPod Biofilter in a roadway application (Figure 4). Figure 4 Gutter Tray 4

17 Water flow exited the BioPod Biofilter through a 4 effluent pipe that terminated with a free-fall into the Receiving Tank (Figure 5) to complete the flow loop. Water Sample Collection Figure 5 BioPod TM Biofilter Effluent Pipe Background water samples were collected in 1L jars from a sampling port located upstream of the auger feeder, and downstream of the sediment filtration system. The sampling port was controlled manually by a ball valve (Figure 6) that was opened approximately 5 seconds prior to sampling. Effluent samples were also grabbed by hand. The sampling technique took the grab sample by holding a wide-mouth 1 L jar at the narrowest point of the effluent stream flow, until the jar was full. Other Instrumentation and Measurement Water temperature was taken during each run using a MadgeTech MicroTemp data logger that was placed underneath the contour rack of the BioPod Biofilter. The Micro Temp was configured to take a temperature reading once every minute. To allow for system head loss measurements, a 4 diameter perforated stand-pipe was added to the corner furthest from the bypass chamber. The standpipe was capped at the bottom, set on top of the vault floor and was wrapped in a geotextile to minimize sediment infiltration through the perforations. 5

18 The water level was measured from the base of the stand-pipe with a gauge stick and recorded at five-minute intervals. The tolerance of the gauge for head loss measurements was +/ Run and sampling times were measured using a stopwatch (Control Company Model X4C50200C). Figure 6 Background Sampling Point 2.2 Test Sediment The test sediment used for the removal efficiency study was custom blended by GHL using various commercially available silica sands; this particular batch was GHL lot # A Three samples of sediment were sent out for particle size analysis using the methodology of ASTM method D The samples were composite samples created by taking samples throughout the blending process and in various positions within the blending drum. The testing lab was Maxxam Analytics, an independent test lab also located in Mississauga, Ontario Canada. The PSD results are summarized Table 2 and shown graphically in Figure 7. 6

19 Table 2 Particle Size Distribution of Test Sediment Particle Size (Microns) Test Sediment Particle Size (% Less Than) Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Average NJDEP Minimum Specification* (% Less Than) QA/QC PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS d µm 69 µm 69 µm 69 µm 75 µm PASS Where required, particle size data has been interpolated to allow for comparison to the required particle size specification. * A measured value may be lower than a target minimum % less than value by up to two percentage points provided the measured d50 value does not exceed 75 microns. Figure 7 Average Particle Size Distribution of Test Sediment 7

20 In addition to particle size distribution, Maxxam Analytics also performed a moisture analysis of the test sediment and determined the water content to be < 0.30%, the method detection limit. The blended test sediment was found to meet the NJDEP particle size specification and was acceptable for use. With a d50 of 69 µm, the test sediment was slightly finer than the sediment required by the NJDEP test protocol. Sediment addition occurred through the crown of the inlet pipe, 32 (4 pipe diameters) upstream of the constructed gutter (Figure 8). The sediment feeder was an Auger Feeders Model VF-1 volumetric screw feeder with a 5/8ʺ auger, spout attachment and 1.5 cubic foot hopper. The sediment feed samples were collected by holding a 500-mL jar under the spout attachment for approximately 60 s. 2.3 Removal Efficiency Testing Figure 8 Sediment Sampling Point Removal Efficiency Testing was conducted in accordance with Section 5 of the NJDEP Laboratory Protocol for Filtration MTDs. Testing was completed at a flow rate of cfs (37.6 gpm) and a target sediment concentration of 200 mg/l. Effluent grab samples were taken 6 times per run (at evenly spaced intervals), with each run lasting 90 minutes in duration, followed by a drain down period. In addition to the effluent samples, 3 background samples were taken with every odd-numbered effluent sample (1st, 3rd and 5th). In all cases, effluent sampling did not start until the filtration MTD had been in operation for a minimum of three detention times (13.2 minutes). When the test sediment feed was interrupted for measurement, the next effluent sample was collected following a minimum of three detention times. Sampling times for Removal Efficiency testing are summarized in Table 3. Effluent and background samples were collected in clean 1L wide-mouth jars. 8

21 Three sediment feed samples were collected during each run to confirm the sediment feed rate, one sample at the start of dosing, one sample in the middle of the test run and one sample just prior to the conclusion of dosing. Each sediment feed rate sample was a minimum of 100 ml and collected in a clean 500 ml jar. Sediment sampling was timed to the nearest 1/100th of a second using a calibrated stop watch and samples were weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg. Table 3 Removal Efficiency Sampling Frequency Sample/ Run Time (min.) Measurement Taken E N D Sediment Feed X X X Effluent X X X X X X O F N/A N/A Background X X X R U Drain down N X X The effluent drain down samples were collected at the end of each removal efficiency run, after the pump had been switched off and the sediment feed stopped. The effluent was volumetrically quantified based on the liquid level in the BioPod standpipe at the end of each run. The drain down samples were taken at the same spot as the normal operation effluent samples. Two evenly spaced samples were collected to determine SSC concentration. The first volumetrically spaced sample was taken after 1/3 of the water volume had drained from the vault and the second after 2/3 of the volume had drained. 2.4 Sediment Mass Loading Capacity Testing The Sediment Mass Loading Capacity of the BioPod was determined as a continuation of the Removal Efficiency Testing. All aspects of the test procedure remained the same except that the influent sediment concentration was increased from 200 to 400 mg/l. Sediment Mass Loading Capacity testing began after 15 runs of Removal Efficiency had been completed. 2.5 Scour Testing At this time the BioPod Biofilter is being submitted for approval for off-line installation. Scour testing is anticipated to commence shortly and when completed scour test data will be submitted in support of on-line installation. 9

22 3. Performance Claims Per the NJDEP verification procedure, the following are the performance claims made by Oldcastle Precast Inc. and established via the laboratory testing conducted for the BioPod Biofilter. Verified Total Suspended Solids (SSC) Removal Rate Based on the laboratory testing conducted, the BioPod Biofilter achieved greater than 80% removal efficiency of SSC. In accordance with the NJDEP process for obtaining approval of a stormwater treatment device from NJCAT (Procedure; NJDEP 2013) the SSC removal efficiency is rounded down to 80%. Maximum Treatment Flow Rate (MTFR) For the BioPod Biofilter tested, the MTFR was cfs (37.6 gpm) which corresponds to a MTFR to effective filtration treatment area ratio of 4.00x10-3 cfs/ft 2 (1.80 gpm/ft 2 ). Effective Filtration Treatment/Sedimentation Areas The Effective Filtration Treatment and Sedimentation areas are the same for the BioPod Biofilter and will increase with increasing model size. For the BioPod Biofilter tested, the effective filtration treatment/sedimentation area was ft 2. Detention Time and Wet Volume The BioPod Biofilter detention time and wet volume will vary with model size. The unit tested had a wet volume of ft 3 which corresponded to a detention time of 4.4 minutes at the test flow rate of cfs. Sediment Mass Loading Capacity The sedimentation mass loading capacity varies with the BioPod Biofilter model size. Based on the laboratory testing results, a filter with a media surface area of ft 2 has a mass loading capacity of lbs (11.74 lb/ft 2 ). Online/Offline Installation At this time the BioPod Biofilter has only been verified for off-line installation. Maximum Allowable Inflow Drainage Area The laboratory testing results show that lbs of sediment can be loaded into a 4-foot by 6- foot BioPod with internal bypass (Model # BP-46IB) while attaining a cumulative mass removal efficiency of 96.3%. Per the protocol, the maximum inflow drainage area is calculated by dividing the total sediment load observed during the test (245 lbs) by 600 lbs per acre. The result is acres. 10

23 4. Supporting Documentation The NJDEP Procedure (NJDEP 2013a) for obtaining verification of a stormwater manufactured treatment device (MTD) from the New Jersey Corporation for Advanced Technology (NJCAT) requires that copies of the laboratory test reports, including all collected and measured data; all data from performance evaluation test runs; spreadsheets containing original data from all performance test runs; all pertinent calculations; etc. be included in this section. This was discussed with NJDEP and it was agreed that as long as such documentation could be made available by NJCAT upon request that it would not be prudent or necessary to include all this information in this verification report. 4.1 Removal Efficiency A total of 15 removal efficiency testing runs were completed in accordance with the NJDEP filter protocol. The target flow rate and influent sediment concentration were 37.6 gpm and 200 mg/l respectively. The results from all 15 runs were used to calculate the overall removal efficiency of the BioPod Biofilter. Flow Rate The flow rate was measured using a mag-type flow meter and data logger configured to take a reading every minute. For each run, the flow rate was to be maintained within 10% of the target flow with a COV (coefficient of variation) less than The flow data has been summarized in Table 4, including the compliance to the QA/QC acceptance criteria. The average flow for all removal efficiency runs was 37.5 gpm. Sediment Addition The target sediment concentration was 200 ± 20 mg/l with a COV less than The sediment feed rate for each run was checked three times during each run. The average influent sediment concentration for each test flow was determined by mass balance. The amount of sediment fed into the auger feeder and the amount remaining at the end of a run was used to determine the amount of sediment fed. The sediment mass was corrected for the mass of the three feed rate samples taken during the run. The mass of the sediment fed was divided by the volume of water that flowed through the BioPod during dosing to determine the average influent sediment concentration for each run. The sediment weight checks, feed rates, final concentrations and compliance to QA/QC criteria are summarized in Table 5. Filter Drain Down The BioPod Biofilter has a post-operation drain down feature. As per the NJDEP protocol, the amount of sediment that escapes the filter during the drain down period must be accounted for. 11

24 The volume of water in the BioPod was determined by: Water Volume = H W A M f V where, HW = the height of the water measured in the stand pipe AM = the area of the media bed fv = the void fraction of the media bed The two effluent samples taken during the drain down period were analysed for SSC to permit estimation of the amount of sediment that was lost. The sampling data for the drain down periods are presented in Table 6. Run # Table 4 Removal Efficiency Water Flow Rate Water Flow Rate Runtime Target Actual % (min) (gpm) (gpm) Diff. COV QA/QC Compliance (COV < 0.03) Max. Water Temperature ( F) Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

25 Table 5 Removal Efficiency Sediment Feed Rate Run # Run Time (min) Weight (g) Duration (s) Feed Rate (g/min) Conc.* (mg/l) QA/QC Compliance Δ Run # Run Time (min) Weight (g) Duration (s) Feed Rate (g/min) Conc.* (mg/l) QA/QC Compliance Δ Yes COV COV Yes COV COV Yes COV COV Yes COV COV Yes COV COV Yes COV COV Yes COV COV COV Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes * Based on sediment mass balance and average water flow rate Δ Average concentration mg/l and COV <

26 Table 6 Removal Efficiency Drain Down Losses Run # Water Level at End of Run (inches) Total Water Volume (L) Average Sediment Concentration of Drain Down Samples (mg/l) Total Sediment Lost (g) Removal Efficiency Calculations All the effluent and background samples for SSC were analysed by Good Harbour, the results have been summarized in Table 7. The required background SSC concentration was < 20mg/L. The limit of quantitation for the analytical method was 2.3 mg/l. For the purposes of calculation, any result that was reported as being below the limit of quantitation (<LOQ), was assigned a value of 2 mg/l. The adjusted average sediment concentration was determined by: Average effluent concentration Average background concentration 14

27 Run # Run Time (min) Table 7 Removal Efficiency SSC Data Suspended Sediment Concentration, SSC (mg/l) Average QA/QC Compliance (background SSC < 20 mg/l) Effluent Effluent Effluent Effluent Effluent Effluent Effluent Effluent Effluent Effluent Effluent Effluent Effluent Effluent Effluent

28 The analytical results, along with the run data, were used to calculate the removal efficiency for each run, mass loading and overall removal efficiency average; the results are tabulated in Table 8. The removal efficiency was calculated as: Removal Efficiency (%) = Average Average Influent Adjusted Effluent Drain down Flow SS Concentration X SS Concentration X ( ) ( ) SS Concentration X Total Volume Total Volume Total Volume of Test Water of Effluent Water ( of Drain down Water) 100 Average Influent SS Concentration X Total Volume of Test Water Run # Avg. Influent SSC (mg/l) Adjusted Effluent SSC (mg/l) Table 8 Removal Efficiency Results Total Water Volume (L) Average Drain Down SSC (mg/l) Volume of Drain Down Water (L) Run Removal Efficiency (%) Mass of Captured Sediment (Lbs.) Cumulative Mass Removal Efficiency , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Cumulative Mass Removal Efficiency (Runs #1-15) 99.0 % (%) Captured Sediment Mass (Runs #1-15) lbs. The results are typical for media bed filters in that the removal efficiency decreases as the filter bed becomes saturated with captured sediment. The cumulative mass average removal efficiency was 99.0% for the first 15 runs. During the Removal Efficiency testing, pounds of sediment were captured in the BioPod Biofilter. 16

29 4.2 Sediment Mass Loading Capacity The Sediment Mass Loading Capacity study was a continuation of the Removal Efficiency study. All aspects of the testing remained the same, except that the feed concentration was increased to 400 mg/l, up from the 200 mg/l used for the Removal Efficiency test. Additionally, the sediment feed calibration samples were used to determine sediment concentration; however this calculation was also confirmed by mass balance on a daily basis. The sediment mass loading continued until the BioPod Biofilter began to bypass during Run 26. The run was immediately stopped, and the flow was reduced to 90% MTFR (33.8 gpm), per the protocol. Testing continued at the lower flow rate for five more runs at which point it was decided that the desired maximum mass loading for the BioPod Biofilter had been reached and the Mass Loading Capacity study was terminated. An additional 16 runs were completed for Sediment Mass Loading Capacity testing for a total of 31 runs overall. For Runs 16 31, the mass loading water flow rates, sediment feed rates, drain down loses, SSC data and removal efficiencies are presented in Table 9 to Table 13 respectively. The total mass of sediment captured was lbs. and the cumulative mass removal efficiency was 96.3%. The relationship between removal efficiency and sediment mass loading is illustrated in Figure Removal Efficiency (%) Feed Sediment Concentration Flow Reduced to Increased to 400 mg/l 33.8 GPM Cumulative Mass Loading (lbs.) Figure 9 Removal Efficiency vs Sediment Mass Loading for the BioPod Biofilter 17

30 Run # Table 9 Sediment Mass Loading Water Flow Rate Runtime Target Water Flow Rate Actual (min) (gpm) (gpm) % Diff. COV QA/QC Compliance (COV < 0.03) Max. Water Temperature ( F) Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

31 Table 10 Sediment Mass Loading Sediment Feed Rate Run # Run Time (min) Weight (g) Duration (s) Feed Rate (g/min) Conc. (mg/l) QA/QC Compliance Δ Run # Run Time (min) Weight (g) Duration (s) Feed Rate (g/min) Conc. (mg/l) QA/QC Compliance Δ Yes COV COV Yes COV COV Yes COV COV Yes COV COV Yes COV COV Yes COV COV Yes COV COV Yes COV COV Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Δ Average concentration mg/l and COV <

32 Table 11 Sediment Mass Loading Drain Down Losses Run # Water Level at End of Run (inches) Total Water Volume (L) Average Sediment Concentration of Drain Down Samples (mg/l) Total Sediment Lost (g)

33 Run # Run Time (min) Table 12 Sediment Mass Loading SSC Data Suspended Sediment Concentration, SSC (mg/l) Average QA/QC Compliance (background SSC < 20 mg/l) Effluent Effluent Effluent Effluent Effluent Effluent Background YES Effluent Effluent Background YES Effluent Background YES Effluent Background YES Effluent Background YES Effluent Effluent Effluent Effluent Effluent

34 Table 13 Sediment Mass Loading Removal Efficiency Results Run # Avg. Influent SSC (mg/l) Adjusted Effluent SSC (mg/l) Total Water Volume (L) Average Drain Down SSC (mg/l) Volume of Drain Down Water (L) Run Removal Efficiency (%) Mass of Captured Sediment (Lbs.) Cumulative Mass Removal Efficiency (%) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Cumulative Mass Removal Efficiency (Runs 1 31): 96.3 % Captured Sediment Mass (Runs 1 31): lbs. 4.3 Filter Driving Head The water level in the BioPod Biofilter, as measured from the inserted slotted pipe, has been tabulated in Table 6 and Table 11. Figure 10 illustrates the increase in water level inside the filter as sediment is captured. 22

35 25 20 Water Level (inches) Flow Reduced to 33.8 GPM Cumulative Mass Loading (lbs.) Figure 10 Increase in Driving Head vs Sediment Mass Load 5. Design Limitations Required Soil Characteristics The BioPod is suitable for installation in all soil types. Slope The BioPod is typically recommended for installation with no slope to ensure proper, consistent operation. Often, the top piece can be installed to meet finished grade. Steep slopes should be reviewed by Oldcastle engineering support. Maximum Flow Rate The maximum flow rate for the BioPod is 1.8 gpm/ft 2 of media surface area. Allowable Head Loss There is an operational head loss associated with each BioPod device. The head loss will increase over time due to increased sediment loading. When configured with an internal bypass a designed head loss of 31.5 should be used. Site specific treatment flow rates, peak flow rates, 23

36 pipe diameters and pipe slopes are evaluated to ensure there is appropriate head for the system to function properly. Maintenance Requirements For all successful stormwater quality control systems, effective performance requires regular and proper maintenance. Maintenance frequency and requirements are dependent on the conditions and pollutant loading of each site. In general, it is recommended that inspections and/or maintenance be conducted on a regularly occurring basis to ensure continued functionality of the system. Maintenance activities could also be required in the case of an extreme rainfall event, chemical spill or heavier than anticipated pollutant loading. Installation Limitations The BioPod has few installation limitations. The BioPod is typically delivered to the site with all internal components, including the StormMix media, installed. The contractor is then responsible for installation of the system following any requirements that would apply for any precast concrete structure. This typically includes: preparing the appropriate excavation and base layer; providing and using the appropriate lifting equipment to unload and set the BioPod vault components; providing and connecting the inlet and outlet piping; and following the construction plans for selection of backfill material and placement. The contractor is also responsible for protecting the BioPod from construction runoff until site construction is complete. Oldcastle Precast provides full-service technical design support throughout the life of a project. Configurations The BioPod is available in multiple configurations, including internal and external bypass configurations allowing it to be installed online or offline. The BioPod can be installed above, at, or below grade and comes in a variety of precast concrete sizes, allowing maximum design flexibility. Structural Load Limitations The BioPod structure is typically located adjacent to a roadway and therefore the precast base is designed to handle H-20 traffic loads. For deeper installations or installations requiring a greater load capacity the system will be designed and manufactured to meet those requirements. Oldcastle provides full-service technical design support throughout the life of a project and can help ensure the system is designed for the appropriate structural load requirements. Pre-treatment Requirements The BioPod does not require additional pre-treatment. 24

37 Limitations in Tailwater Tailwater conditions may impact the amount of driving head available to the BioPod and thus may impact the operation and/or lifecycle of the system. Specific project conditions should be assessed as part of the design process. Depth to Seasonal High-Water Table The operation of the BioPod is typically not impacted by the seasonal high-water table. However, the high-water table may impact the buoyancy of the concrete vault. Specific project conditions should be assessed as part of the design process. 6. Maintenance Plans Maintenance Overview State and local regulations require all stormwater management systems to be inspected on a regular basis and maintained as necessary to ensure performance and protect downstream receiving waters. Without maintenance, excessive pollutant buildup can limit system performance by reducing the operating capacity and increasing the potential for scouring of pollutants during periods of high flow. The BioPod may require periodic irrigation to establish and maintain vegetation. Vegetation will typically become established about two years after planting. Irrigation requirements are ultimately dependent on climate, rainfall, and the type of vegetation selected. The BioPod Inspection & Maintenance Manual is available at: Inspection Equipment The following equipment is helpful when conducting BioPod inspections: Recording device (pen and paper form, voice recorder, ipad, etc.) Suitable clothing (appropriate footwear, gloves, hardhat, safety glasses, etc.) Traffic control equipment (cones, barricades, signage, flagging, etc.) Manhole hook or pry bar Flashlight Tape measure Inspection Procedures BioPod inspections are visual and are conducted without entering the unit. To complete an inspection, safety measures including traffic control should be deployed before the access covers or tree grates are removed. Once the covers have been removed, the following items should be 25

38 checked and recorded (see form provided on page 6 of the O&M Manual) to determine whether maintenance is required: If the BioPod is equipped with an internal bypass, inspect the contoured inlet rack and outlet chamber and note whether there are any broken or missing parts. In the unlikely event that internal parts are broken or missing, contact Oldcastle Stormwater at (800) to determine appropriate corrective action. Note whether the curb inlet, inlet pipe, or, if the unit is equipped with an internal bypass, the inlet rack is blocked or obstructed. If the unit is equipped with an internal bypass, observe, quantify, and record the accumulation of trash and debris in the inlet rack. The significance of accumulated trash and debris is a matter of judgment. Often, much of the trash and debris may be removed manually at the time of inspection if a separate maintenance visit is not yet warranted. If it has not rained within the past 24 hours, note whether standing water is observed in the BioPod chamber. Finally, observe, quantify, and record presence of invasive vegetation and the amount of trash and debris and sediment load in the chamber. Erosion of the mulch and filter media bed should also be recorded. Sediment load may be rated light, medium, or heavy depending on the conditions. Loading characteristics may be determined as follows: o Light sediment load sediment is difficult to distinguish among the mulch fibers at the top of the mulch layer; the mulch appears almost new. o Medium sediment load sediment accumulation is apparent and may be concentrated in some areas; probing the mulch layer reveals lighter sediment loads under the top 1 of mulch. o Heavy sediment load sediment is readily apparent across the entire top of the mulch layer; individual mulch fibers are difficult to distinguish; probing the mulch layer reveals heavy sediment load under the top 1 of mulch. Often, much of the invasive vegetation and trash and debris may be removed manually at the time of inspection if a separate maintenance visit is not yet warranted. Maintenance Indicators Maintenance should be scheduled if any of the following conditions are identified during inspection: The concrete structure is damaged, or the tree grate or access cover is damaged or missing. The curb inlet or inlet rack is obstructed. Standing water is observed in the BioPod chamber more than 24 hours after a rainfall event (use discretion if the BioPod is located downstream of a storage system that attenuates flow). Trash and debris in the inlet rack cannot be easily removed at the time of inspection. Trash and debris, invasive vegetation, or sediment load in the BioPod chamber is heavy or excessive erosion has occurred. 26

39 Maintenance Equipment The following equipment is helpful when conducting BioPod maintenance: Suitable clothing (appropriate footwear, gloves, hardhat, safety glasses, etc.) Traffic control equipment (cones, barricades, signage, flagging, etc.) Manhole hook or pry bar Flashlight Tape measure Rake, hoe, shovel and broom Bucket Pruners Vacuum truck (optional) Maintenance Procedures Maintenance should be conducted during dry weather when no flow is entering the system. All maintenance may be conducted without entering the BioPod structure. Once safety measures such as traffic control are deployed, the access covers may be removed, and the following activities may be conducted to complete maintenance: Remove all trash and debris from the curb inlet and inlet rack manually or by using a vacuum truck as required. Remove all trash and debris and invasive vegetation from the BioPod chamber manually or by using a vacuum truck as required. If the sediment load is medium or light but erosion of the filter media bed is evident, redistribute the mulch with a rake or replace missing mulch as appropriate. If erosion persists, rocks may be placed in the eroded area to help dissipate energy and prevent recurring erosion. If the sediment load is heavy, remove the mulch layer using a hoe, rake, shovel, and bucket, or by using a vacuum truck as required. If the sediment load is particularly heavy, inspect the surface of the StormMix media once the mulch has been removed. If the media appears clogged with sediment, remove and replace one or two inches of StormMix media prior to replacing the mulch layer. Prune vegetation as appropriate and replace damaged or dead plants as required. Replace the tree grate and/or access covers and sweep the area around the BioPod to leave the site clean. All material removed from the BioPod during maintenance must be disposed of in accordance with local regulations. In most cases, the material may be handled in the same manner as disposal of material removed from sump catch basins or manholes. Natural, shredded hardwood mulch should be used in the BioPod. Timely replacement of the mulch layer according to the maintenance indicators described above should protect the StormMix media below the mulch layer from clogging due to sediment accumulation. However, whenever the mulch is replaced, the BioPod should be visited 24 hours after the next major storm event to 27