A STUDY ON TREATMENT OF RICE MILL EFFLUENT

Transcription

1 A STUDY ON TREATMENT OF RICE MILL EFFLUENT M.Sabari Lakshmi 1 1 BE.Student, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam, India Abstract - Around 80% of waste water produced is discharged into the environment causing widespread water pollution. Effluent (waste water) from rice mill was treated in this experiment. The wastewater sample was collected from near rice mill. The contaminants of waste water causes the water pollution and land pollution. So, the contaminants of waste water were to be found out by the experiments such as ph test, calcium test, test, test, Total solid test, Nitrate test, Phosphate test, Ammonium nitrogen test. The chemical analyses of rice mill showed that the effluent was in alkaline in nature. It contained high amount of suspended solids and dissolved solids resulting in high and. So, The Treatment of wastewater was done by using chemical solvents (Activated carbon) and natural absorbents (Water hyacinth leaves and stem, coconut shells and sugarcane bagasse). The contaminants of waste water are to be tested. Both initial (Raw effluent from rice mill) and final (After treating water) are compared. Conclusion of my project, 65% of contaminates were removed by chemical absorbents and 45% of contaminates were removed by using natural absorbents. Keywords: Rice mill effluent, Natural absorbents, Chemical solvents INTRODUCTION Wastewater is any water that has been affected by human use. Wastewater is used water from any combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface runoff or storm water, and any sewer inflow or sewer infiltration. Therefore, wastewater is a byproduct of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities. The characteristics of wastewater vary depending on the source. Types of wastewater include: domestic wastewater from households, municipal wastewater from communities (also called sewage) or industrial wastewater from industrial activities. Wastewater can contain physical, chemical and biological pollutants. Households may produce wastewater from flush toilets, sinks, dishwashers, washing machines, bath tubs, and showers. Households that use dry toilets produce less wastewater than those that use flush toilets. Wastewater may be conveyed in a sanitary sewer which conveys only sewage. Alternatively, it can be transported in a combined sewer which includes storm water runoff and industrial wastewater. After treatment at a wastewater treatment plant, the treated wastewater (also called effluent) is discharged to a receiving water body. The terms wastewater reuse or water reclamation apply if the treated waste is used for another purpose. Wastewater that is discharged to the environment without suitable treatment causes water pollution. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY To ensure good water and sanitation quality. The amount of waste that is usually released into the environment is reduced thus improving environment s health. Water-borne diseases can be controlled. Ecosystem of the water body is maintained. Ground water contamination must be reduced. MATERIALS: NATURAL ADSORBENTS The adsorption process by activated carbon and polymer resin is expensive & is 249 VOLUME 1 Issue 8, 2018

2 difficult to regenerate the adsorbent. There are different renewable resources such as sugarcane bagasse, almond nutshells, rice husk, coconut shells, etc which could be used as alternatives for activated carbon. Among these, the most of the common natural adsorbents are water hyacinth, coconut shell and sugarcane bagasse. Fig.1: Coconut shell Fig.2: Dried WATER HYACINTH (WH) Water hyacinth attracted significant attention as the world s worst invasive aquatic plant due to its extremely rapid proliferation & congest growth, presenting serious challenges in navigation, irrigation, etc. It is also one of the indicators of pollution plant has demonstrated an amazing ability to absorb & concentrate many toxic metals from aquatic environments. In wastewater treatment the root structure of water hyacinth provide a suitable environment for aerobic bacteria to function. COCONUT SHELL () The coconut palm, cocos nucifera, is the only accepted species in the genus cocos. It is one of the agricultural waste products often used as adsorbent in waste water treatment. The shells must be physically or chemically activate to enhance its adsorptive properties towards organic molecules routinely found in waste water. It s all year around availability & its abundance in the environment makes it a good source of adsorbent for metal ion from aqueous solution. SUGARCANE BAGASSE () Sugarcane bagasse is the fibrous residue, remaining after sugarcane bagasse stalk has been crushed & the juice removed. The annual production of bagasse in the world exceeds 100 million tonnes. The use of treated sugarcane bagasse has also an adsorbent for the color removal from aqueous solution. Instead of just disposing the bagasse as a waste the efficient utilization can be made to remove the dyes from the wastewater. Fig.3: powder Fig.4: Sugarcane Bagasse Fig.5: Powdered CHEMICAL ADSORBENTS Fig.6: WHSL ACTIVATED CARBON The sample was treated by the Lime and Acivated carbon which reduces the pollutant level in the industrial wastewater. Activated carbon 250 VOLUME 1 Issue 8, 2018

3 CHEMICALS REQUIRED TEST: Potassium dichromate, Sulphuric acid, Ferrous Ammonium sulphate, Ferroin indicator. TEST: Sodium thiosulphate, Chloroform, Manganese sulphate, phosphate buffer solution, Starch indicator, Manganese sulphate, Alkali Iodide. NITRATE TEST: Stock nitrate solution, Phenol disulphonic acid, Sodium hydroxide, Nessler s reagent. PHOSPHATE TEST: Ammonium molybdate,stannous chloride, Standard phosphate solution. 4. METHODOLOGY COLLECTION OF SAMPLE The wastewater sample was collected from the near rice mill. This sample was tested and then treated. The following test were taken both initial and after treated.. : A total dissolved solid () is a measure of the combined content of all inorganic and organic substances contained in a liquid. : When levels are high, dissolved oxygen (DO) levels decrease because the oxygen that is available in the water is being consumed by the bacteria. Since less dissolved oxygen is available in the water, fish and other aquatic organisms may not survive. : The is the amount of oxygen consumed to chemically oxidize organic water contaminants to inorganic end products. COLOUR: The color of effluent is in yellowish color : Total suspended solids () is a measure of the combined content of all in organic and organic substances contained in a liquid. RESULT AND DISCUSSION: CONTENTS The initial value were Taken by test VALUE PH 4.75 PHOSPATE YELLOWISH 4020 mg/l 620 mg/l 540 mg/l 1232 mg/l 21 mg/l BY USING NATURAL ABSORBENT: CONTENT WH stem WH leaf PH VOLUME 1 Issue 8, 2018

4 CAMPARISION GRAPH: 1 CAMPARISION GRAPH: III WH LEAF A.C WH stem CAMPARISION GRAPH: II CAMPARISIONGRAPH: IV WH LEAF PH A.C INITIAL PH WH STEM BY USING CHEMICAL ABSORBENT CONTENT PH ACTIVATED CARBON SIGHTLY CHANGE CONCLUSION So, The Treatment of wastewater was done by using chemical solvents (Activated carbon) and natural absorbents (Water hyacinth leaves and stem, coconut shells and sugarcane bagasse). The contaminants of waste water are to be tested. Both initial (Raw effluent from rice mill) and final (After treating water) are compared. Conclusion of my project, 65% of contaminates were removed by chemical absorbents and 45% of contaminates were removed by using natural absorbents. The water is more acidic they cannot be used as drinking purpose. 252 VOLUME 1 Issue 8, 2018

5 FUTURE WORK Treated the waste water 100% efficiently. And the it can be reuse for another purpose. To find the way to remove the odour REFERENCES 1.Agrawal, C.S. and Pandey, G.S., Discharge of some high acidity effluents: Damage assessment in paddy soils. Ind. J. Environ. Prot. 16(2) : APHA Standard Methods for the Examination of water and wastewater. 18th ed., Inc. New York. 3.Behera, D.K., Dipika, P. and Rout, S.P., Water pollution from rice mill in Orissa, Indian J. of Environ. Protection. 10(3) : DSHB, Districts Statistical Hand Book, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bhubaneswar, Orissa. 5.E.S., Economic Survey. Planning and Co-ordination Dept. (Directorate of Economics and Statistics) Govt. of Orissa, India. 6. Grist. D.H., Rice. Longmans Green and Co., London. ICAR, Handbook of Agriculture. Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Rekha Printers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 7.ISI (Indian Standards Institution), Tolerance limit for industrial effluents discharged into inland surface waters. No. 2490, New Delhi. 8. ISI ( Indian Standards Institution), Tolerance limit for discharge of indusrial efflunets on land for irrigation. No. 3307, New Delhi. 253 VOLUME 1 Issue 8, 2018