Institutional complexity and sustainable development in the EU electricity sector Ciulli, F.

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1 UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Institutional complexity and sustainable development in the EU electricity sector Ciulli, F. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Ciulli, F. (2016). Institutional complexity and sustainable development in the EU electricity sector. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam ( Download date: 09 Apr 2019

2 Institutional complexity and sustainable development in the EU electricity sector Francesca Ciulli Institutional complexity and sustainable development in the EU electricity sector FRANCESCA CIULLI

3 Institutional complexity and sustainable development in the EU electricity sector Francesca Ciulli

4 Printed by: Ipskamp Printing Cover design: Susanna Castelli ISBN: , Francesca Ciulli. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the author.

5 Institutional complexity and sustainable development in the EU electricity sector ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. D.C. van den Boom ten overstaan van een door het College voor Promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Agnietenkapel op dinsdag 5 juli 2016, te 14:00 uur door Francesca Ciulli geboren te Florence, Italië

6 Promotiecommissie: Promotor(es): prof. dr. A. Kolk University of Amsterdam Copromotor(es): dr. J.P. Lindeque University of Amsterdam Overige leden: prof. dr. B.G.D. O'Dwyer prof. dr. R.C. Kloosterman prof. dr. J. Grin prof. dr. M.P. Hekkert prof. dr. J.M. Pinkse University of Amsterdam University of Amsterdam University of Amsterdam Utrecht University University of Manchester Faculteit Economie en Bedrijfskunde

7 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of figures List of tables List of abbreviations and acronyms iv v vi Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 2. Chapter 3. The electricity sector and sustainable development: a literature review 2.1. Introduction Methodology General characteristics of the research published in main academic journals Journal outlets Chronology of research Geographic focus The contents of research on sustainability and the electricity sector: three lenses Sustainable development issues An industry emergence or system perspective to electricity generation Electric incumbents approaches to sustainable development Discussion and Conclusion 43 Review of research on institutions and the electricity sector 3.1. Introduction Methodology General characteristics of the research published in main academic journals Journal outlets Chronology of research Geographic focus The contents of research on institutions and the electricity sector: three lenses Institutional actors Institutional consequences Institutional processes Discussion and Conclusion i

8 Chapter 4. Chapter 5. Multiple embeddedness and isomorphism: Multinationals responses to deinstitutionalization after a disruptive event 4.1. Introduction Multiple embeddedness and isomorphism Disruptive events, deinstitutionalization and isomorphism Deinstitutionalization and MNE-government relations Deinstitutionalization and the role of the government Deinstitutionalization and the role of the MNE Methodology Findings The French Nuclear Energy Organizational Field The German Nuclear Energy Organizational Field The United Kingdom Nuclear Energy Organizational Field Discussion Inter-country isomorphism Intra-country isomorphism Isomorphic agency Conclusion 125 On sustainability-related institutional complexity and strategic change: an exploration of the sustainable development logic Introduction Literature review A sustainable development logic Sustainable development-related institutional complexity External transformation, strategic change and sustainable development-related institutional complexity Methodology Case selection Data collection Data analysis Findings Period 1 (from 2000 to 2005) 141 ii

9 Period 2 (from 2006 to 2014) Period 3 (late 2014-ongoing) Discussion First stage Second stage Third stage Conclusions and implications 164 Chapter 6. Interactions between state, market and sustainable development logics: institutional complexity in and across deregulating organizational fields Introduction Organizational fields, institutional logics and institutional complexity Deregulation and privatization: from the state to the market logic The electricity sector as illustrative context State-market-sustainable development logic configurations in an organizational field Theoretical perspectives on state-market-sustainable development configurations SOEs, deregulation and sustainable 180 development Intra-institutional complexity of sustainable development in deregulating fields State-market-sustainable development logic configurations across organizational fields Conclusion 189 Chapter 7. Conclusions 19 References 201 English Summary 219 Nederlandse Samenvatting 224 Acknowledgments 229 iii

10 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Number of articles per journal outlet 13 Figure 2.2: Chronology of research 14 Figure 2.3: Geographic focus 15 Figure 2.4: Number of studies per sustainable development principle 19 Figure 3.1: Number of articles per journal outlet 52 Figure 3.2: Chronology of research 53 Figure 3.3: Geographic focus 54 Figure 4.1: Focal national nuclear energy organizational fields and embedded units of analysis 98 Figure 6.1: Intra- and inter-institutional complexity in a deregulating organizational field 183 Figure 6.2: State-market-sustainable development logic configurations across organizational fields 186 iv

11 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Overview of the journal outlets and searched timeframe 11 Table 2.2: Sustainable development principles and issues addressed in the literature reviewed 20 Table 2.3: Tensions between sustainable development issues mentioned in the literature 25 Table 2.4: Overview of the literature adopting an industry emergence or system perspective to sustainability 28 Table 2.5: Drivers of electric incumbents approaches to sustainable development 32 Table 3.1: Overview of the journal outlets and searched timeframe 50 Table 3.2: Overview of the literature on institutions and the electricity sector 57 Table 3.3: Government's institutional agency in the literature on institutions and the electricity sector 58 Table 3.4: Business' institutional agency in the literature on institutions and the electricity sector 62 Table 3.5: Civil society s institutional agency in the literature on institutions and the electricity sector 67 Table 3.6 : Institutional consequences of deregulation in the literature on institutions and the electricity sector 71 Table 3.7: Institutional change processes in the literature on institutions and the electricity sector 78 Table 4.1: Overview of data collection 100 Table 4.2: Focal firm characteristics and nuclear power capacity and generation fuel 102 mix Table 4.3: Nuclear energy related strategic decisions taken between the Fukushima disaster and 31 December Table 4.4: Firms and government s key responses to (de)institutionalization in the French organizational field after Fukushima: Illustrative quotes 106 Table 4.5: Firms and government s key responses to (de)institutionalization in the German organizational field after Fukushima: Illustrative quotes 111 Table 4.6: Firms and government s key responses to (de)institutionalization in the UK organizational field after Fukushima: Illustrative quotes 117 Table 5.1: Components of a sustainable development logic 131 Table 5.2: Overview of data collection 138 Table 5.3: Keywords related to each SD sub-logic 139 Table 5.4: Overview of E.ON s adoption of SD logics in the three periods 140 Table 5.5: Illustrative quotations related to E.ON's adoption of the SD sub-logics in period Table 5.6: Illustrative quotations related to E.ON's adoption of the SD sub-logics in period Table 5.7: Illustrative quotations related to E.ON's adoption of the SD sub-logics in period Table 5.8: Key components of firm responses to SD-related institutional complexity over time 160 Table 6.1: State-market-sustainable development logic configurations 176 v

12 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AMJ AMR ASQ BHR BMWi BS&E CCGT CEO CHP CMR CO 2 EC EMJ EU EU ETS FDI FT GHG IB IMF JMS JBE JWB LRP MIR MNE NGO OSc PV R&D RP SOE SD SMJ SSE UK US WCED Academy of Management Journal Academy of Management Review Administrative Science Quarterly Business History Review Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie Business Strategy and the Environment Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Chief Executive Officer Combined Heat and Power California Management Review Carbon Dioxide European Commission European Management Journal European Union European Union Emission Trading Scheme Foreign Direct Investment Financial Times Greenhouse Gas International Business International Monetary Fund Journal of Management Studies Journal of Business Ethics Journal of World Business Long Range Planning Management International Review Multinational Enterprise Non-Governmental Organization Organization Science Photovoltaics Research & Development Research Policy State-Owned Enterprise Sustainable Development Strategic Management Journal Scottish and Southern Energy United Kingdom United States World Commission on Environment and Development vi