Implementing Increased Use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) RAP Management Practice 9 May 2018

Transcription

1 Implementing Increased Use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) RAP Management Practice 9 May 2018

2 Content Welcome Project scope Austroads Current RAP management process in WA Monthly data Variability during processing RAP management practice Discussion of trial process Summary of discussion

3 Project scope Milestone Completion Date Develop detailed project plan Feb 2018 Literature review Mar 2018 Evaluation of measured variability over time and between Mar 2018 suppliers Develop MRWA best practice RAP management position Mar 2018 Consultation with industry May 2018 Evaluation of measured variability from single stockpile from Jun 2018 single supplier before and after implementation of best practice RAP management Develop MRWA minimum plant capability position Aug 2018 Consultation with industry Sept 2018 Set up, coordinate and testing of RAP trial Jan 2019 Develop MRWA specifications and supporting technical Apr 2019 documentation Consultation with industry May 2019 Finalise contract report Jun 2019

4 Austroads Process Project TT1817 (2016) mix design requirements to ensure asphalt mixes with high RAP contents will provide adequate performance Project Report AP R Learnings resulted in publication of Test Method T193 Design of Bituminous Binder Blends to a Specified Viscosity Value Method T193 based on DSR complex viscosity (ƞ*) test result at 60 C and angular frequency of 1 rad/s

5 Austroads Process (cont.) DSR viscosity considered similar to that of viscosity measured at the same temperature with the viscometer VBI i = 3 + logθ i 6 + θ VBI β = x i VBI i μ = 10 i i=1 n 3 VBI β 1 VBI β 3

6 ,000 DSR complex viscosity (Pa.s) DSR complex viscosity versus capillary viscosity 1, Virgin Binder DSR complex Capillary viscosity (Pa.s) viscosity (Pa.s) Source C Supplier A C Lee et al (AP-T286-15) C Supplier A C Lee et al (AP-T286-15) C Choi (2013) C Supplier A y = x R² = y = x R² = 1 Supplier A Choi (2013) Lee et al (AP-T286-15) 0 Capillary viscosity (Pa.s)

7 Current RAP management process in WA Raw RAP stockpile Crush and screen Processed RAP stockpile

8 Monthly data Three asphalt suppliers within Perth metro area Sample from processed RAP stockpiles during 2017 Aim to measure variability of processed RAP Discuss Particle size distribution (PSD) Binder content Moisture content DSR complex viscosity Binder blend (AGPT/T193)

9 Percentage passing (%) Monthly data PSD 100 Supplier A A Mar-17 A Apr-17 A May-17 A Jul-17 A Dec-17 0 Sieve size (mm)

10 Percentage passing (%) Monthly data PSD Supplier B B Jan-17 B Feb-17 B Mar B Apr-17 B May-17 B Jun-17 B Jul-17 B Aug-17 B Sep B Oct-17 B Nov-17 B Dec-17 Sieve size (mm)

11 Percentage passing (%) Monthly data PSD Supplier C C Jan-17 C Feb-17 C Mar C Apr-17 C May-17 C Jun-17 C Jul-17 C Aug-17 C Sep C Oct-17 C Nov-17 C Jan-18 Sieve size (mm)

12 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jul-17 Dec-17 Binder content (%) Monthly data Binder content 5.5 Supplier A A A A A A

13 Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Binder content (%) Monthly data Binder content 5.5 Supplier B B B B B B B B B B B B B

14 Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Jan-18 Binder content (%) Monthly data Binder content 5.5 Supplier C C C C C C C C C C C C C

15 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jul-17 Dec-17 Moisture content (%) Monthly data Moisture content 6.0 Supplier A A A A A A

16 Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Jan-18 Moisture content (%) Monthly data Moisture content 6.0 Supplier C C C C C C C C C C C C C

17 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jul-17 Dec-17 Viscosity [n*] (Pa.s) Monthly data DSR complex viscosity 35,000 Supplier A 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 A A A A A

18 Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Viscosity [n*] (Pa.s) Monthly data DSR complex viscosity 35,000 Supplier B 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0

19 Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Jan-18 Viscosity [n*] (Pa.s) Monthly data DSR complex viscosity 35,000 Supplier C 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0

20 Monthly data Binder blend Scenario 1 RAP content 25%, variable binder content Target binder content of asphalt mix containing RAP at 4.8% C320 virgin binder, DSR complex viscosity of 320 Pa.s No low viscosity oil added Blend aim for DSR complex viscosity of 600 Pa.s (C600)

21 Monthly data Binder blend (continued) Supplier Month sampled RAP Binder content (%) RAP binder proportion (x RAP ) θ RAP (Pa.s) VBI RAP (Pa.s) C320 proportion (x C320 ) A Mar , A Apr , A May , A Jul , A Dec , B Feb , B Mar , B Apr , B May , B Jun , B Jul , B Aug , B Nov , C Mar , C Apr , C May , C Jul , C Aug , C Sep , C Oct , C Nov , C Jan , VBl ß μ (Pa.s)

22 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jul-17 Dec-17 Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Jan-18 Viscosity [n*] (Pa.s) Monthly data Binder blend (continued) (+219) 743 (+143) (-134) 449 to 492 (-128 on average) Blend binder complex viscosity required (Pa.s) C170 complex viscosity (Pa.s) C320 complex viscosity (Pa.s) C600 complex viscosity (Pa.s) A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B B B C C C C C C C C C C C C + = higher than aimed 600 Pa.s - = lower than aimed 6000 Pa.s

23 Monthly data Binder blend Scenario 2 RAP content 25%, variable binder content Target binder content of asphalt mix containing RAP at 4.8% Blend adhere to C600 (DSR complex viscosity of 600 Pa.s) No low viscosity oil added DSR complex viscosity of virgin binder required

24 Monthly data Binder blend (continued) Supplier Month sampled RAP RAP binder RAP Binder proportion content (%) (x) RAP Mean complex viscosity (Pa.s) RAP VBI (Pa.s) Virgin binder prop. (x) Virgin binder mean complex viscosity (Pa.s) Virgin binder VBI (Pa.s) A Mar , A Apr , A May , A Jul , A Dec , B Feb , B Mar , B Apr , B May , B Jun , B Jul , B Aug , B Nov , C Mar , C Apr , C May , C Jul , C Aug , C Sep , C Oct , C Nov , C Jan , VBlß u

25 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jul-17 Dec-17 Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Jan-18 Viscosity [n*] (Pa.s) Monthly data Binder blend (continued) (+106) 423 to 448 (+108 on average) Virgin binder complex viscosity required (Pa.s) C170 complex viscosity (Pa.s) C320 complex viscosity (Pa.s) C600 complex viscosity (Pa.s) A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B B B C C C C C C C C C C C C + = higher than aimed 320 Pa.s - = lower than aimed 320 Pa.s

26 Variability during processing One asphalt supplier within Perth metro area RAP material sampled immediately after going through the crushing and screening process Over four days, 4 April to 7 April 2017, in the morning and afternoon Aim to measure variability of raw RAP Discuss Particle size distribution (PSD) Binder content DSR complex viscosity Binder blend (AGPT/T193)

27 Variability during processing - PSD Date 4-Apr-17 5-Apr-17 6-Apr-17 7-Apr-17 Time 10:15 14:45 9:30 16:00 9:45 16:00 9:30 16:00 Sieve size Percentage passing (%) Avg Min Max Range

28 Percentage passing (%) Variability during processing - PSD Apr-17 10:15 4-Apr-17 14:45 5-Apr-17 9:30 5-Apr-17 16:00 6-Apr-17 9:45 6-Apr-17 16:00 7-Apr-17 9:30 7-Apr-17 16:00 0 Sieve size (mm)

29 Binder content (%) Variability during processing Binder content Average 4.9 Min 4.3 Max 5.5 Range Apr-17 5-Apr-17 6-Apr-17 7-Apr-17 RAP binder content (morning) RAP binder content (afternoon)

30 DSR Complex Viscosity [n*] (Pa.s) Variability during processing DSR complex viscosity 12,000 10,000 8,000 Average 6,536 Min 2,901 Max 10,090 Range 7,188 6,000 4,000 2, Apr-17 5-Apr-17 6-Apr-17 7-Apr-17 RAP n* (morning) RAP n* (afternoon)

31 Variability during processing Binder blend Assumptions RAP content 24.1%, with average binder content of 4.9% and average DSR complex viscosity of 6537 Pa.s Target binder content of the asphalt mix containing RAP at 4.6% C320 virgin binder with DSR complex viscosity of 490 Pa.s C600 target DSR complex viscosity of 980 Pa.s No low viscosity oil added Aggregate fraction proportions as per the mix design.

32 Percentage passing (%) Variability during processing Binder blend (continued) Effect of variable PSD % RAP, ave RAP PSD 24.1% RAP, coarse RAP PSD 24.1% RAP, fine RAP PSD Sieve size (mm) 24.1% RAP, average RAP PSD 24.1% RAP, coarse RAP PSD 24.1% RAP, fine RAP PSD Sieve size (mm) Percentage passing Range

33 Variability during processing Binder blend (continued) Effect of variable binder content n* (Pa.s) VBI (Pa.s) RAP 24.1 % C Target BC of mix 4.6 % C RAP BC (%) RAP binder prop. (x) RAP n* (Pa.s) VBI RAP (Pa.s) C320 prop (x) VBl ß u (Pa.s) Average , Minimum , Maximum ,

34 Variability during processing Binder blend (continued) Effect of variable DSR complex viscosity n* (Pa.s) VBI (Pa.s) RAP 24.1 % C Target BC of mix 4.6 % C RAP n* (Pa.s) RAP BC (%) RAP binder prop. (x) VBI RAP (Pa.s) C320 prop. (x) VBl ß u (Pa.s) Average 6, Minimum 2, Maximum 10,

35 RAP management practice documents reviewed Austroads Western Australia (Main Roads) Jurisdiction New South Wales (Roads and Maritime Services) Northern Territory (Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Logistics) Documents reviewed Maximising the Re-use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement: Binder Blend Characterisation (Austroads 2013) Maximising the Re-use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Outcomes of Year Two: RAP Mix Design (Austroads 2015c) Maximising the Use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement in Asphalt Mix Design (Austroads 2016) Guide to Pavement Technology Part 4B: Asphalt (Austroads 2014) Maximising the Use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement in Mix Design (Austroads 2016) Specification 510 Asphalt Intermediate Course (Main Roads 2017a) Specification 511 Materials for Bituminous Treatments (Main Roads 2017b) QA Specification 3153 Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Material (RMS 2011) QA Specification R116 Heavy Duty Dense Graded Asphalt (RMS 2013a) QA Specification R117 Light Duty Dense Graded Asphalt (RMS 2013b) Standard Specification for Roadworks (DIPL 2017)

36 RAP management practice (continued) Australian documents reviewed Jurisdiction Queensland (Department of Transport and Main Roads) South Australia (Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure) Victoria (VicRoads) New Zealand (New Zealand Transport Agency) AAPA Documents reviewed MRTS30 Asphalt Pavements (TMR 2017a) MRTS102 Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Material (TMR 2017b) Specification R27 Supply of Asphalt (DPTI 2016) Section 407 Hot Mix Asphalt (VicRoads 2017) M10 Specification for Dense Graded and Stone Mastic Asphalts (NZTA 2014b) M10 Notes to the Specification for Dense Graded and Stone Mastic Asphalts (NZTA 2014a) Draft Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Management Plan (September 2017)

37 RAP management practice (continued) Reviewed in terms of Source Processing / fractionating Storage and stockpiling Inspection, test plans and auditing Possibly adopt from others in Australasia? Project quality plan to monitor consistency of grading, binder properties and incoming RAP if >10% RAP in mix

38 RAP management practice (continued) International documents reviewed Region Europe Germany Japan Documents reviewed EN :2016 Bituminous Mixtures: Materials Specification, Reclaimed Asphalt Recycling of Asphalt (DAV 2011) TL Asphalt-StB 07 Technical Delivery Specification for Bituminous Mixtures for the Construction of Traffic Area Pavements (FGSV 2013b) ZTV Asphalt-StB 07 Additional Terms of Contract and Guidelines for the Construction of Road Surfacing from Asphalt (FGSV 2013a) Information Series 139 High RAP Asphalt Pavement: Japan Practice Lessons Learned (NAPA 2015c) South Africa TRH 21 Use of Reclaimed Asphalt in the Production of Asphalt (Sabita 2016)

39 RAP management practice (continued) International documents reviewed Region United Kingdom United States of America Documents reviewed MCHW Series 900 Road Pavements Bituminous Bound Materials (Highways Agency 2008) RN43 Best Practice Guide for Recycling into Surface Course (Carswell et al. 2010) Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Management: Best Practice (West 2010) Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement in Asphalt Mixtures: State of the Practice (FHWA 2011) NCHRP Report 752 Improved Mix Design, Evaluation, and Materials Management Practices for Hot Mix Asphalt with High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Content (West, Willis & Marasteanu 2013) Information Series 138 Asphalt Pavement Industry Survey on Recycled Material and Warm-Mix Asphalt Usage 2015 (NAPA 2015a) Quality Improvement Series 129 Best Practices for RAP and RAS Management (NAPA 2015b)

40 RAP management practice (continued) Reviewed in terms of Source Processing / fractionating Storage and stockpiling Inspection, test plans and auditing Possibly adopt from others? Crush and screen to -13mm to +5mm and -5mm sizes Unprocessed RAP stored in arc-shaped uniformly layered stockpiles Processed RAP in conical or small, low sloped piles

41 RAP management practice (continued) For consideration Separation of raw RAP into mix types Fractionating into coarse and fines Stockpiling process raw and processed RAP Unprocessed RAP stored in arc-shaped uniformly layered stockpiles Processed RAP in conical or small, low sloped piles Inspection, test plans and auditing

42 Discussion of trial process Storage of unprocessed RAP Moisture content? Stockpile unprocessed RAP OGA, SMA vs DGA? Source Process RAP Crush & screen Fractionating Coarse & fine? Inspection Test plans Auditing Storage of processed RAP Moisture content?

43 Discussion (2 nd screen) Possibly adopt from others in Australasia? Project quality plan to monitor consistency of grading, binder properties and incoming RAP if >10% RAP in mix Possibly adopt from others? Crush and screen to -13mm to +5mm and -5mm sizes Unprocessed RAP stored in arc-shaped uniformly layered stockpiles Processed RAP in conical or small, low sloped piles

44 Summary of discussion Action items:

45 Thank you for your time and participation