Future perspective and emerging technologies for sustainable energy resources
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1 REPORT on Science Academies Lecture Workshop on Future perspective and emerging technologies for sustainable energy resources for postgraduate students, research scholars and faculty members Date: 18 th & 19 th August 2015 Venue: Examination Section-Valuation Centre Hall/Sir M Visveswaraya Auditorium, Tumkur University organized by Tumkur University, Tumkur Venue: Examination Section-Valuation Centre Hall/ Sir M Visvesvaraya Auditorium, Tumkur University, Tumkur in association with Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi The National Academy of Sciences, Allahabad Page 1 of 13
2 REPORT Future perspective and emerging technologies for sustainable energy resources Two days Science Academies Lecture Workshop was held at Tumkur University, Tumkur on Future perspective and emerging technologies for sustainable energy resources on 18 th and 19 th August The lecture workshop was organized under the leadership of Prof. K. J. Rao, Emeritus Professor, Senior Raman Fellow, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and T N Ramesh, from the Department of Studies and Research in Chemistry, Tumkur University, Tumkur as the coordinator. About the workshop Sustainable energy resources such as sunlight, wind, tides, waves, geothermal heat, wind, biomass, biofuels, hydrogen derived from natural forms are replenished continuously and are of greater interest in 21 st century to minimize the utilization of fossil fuels. According to Energy Policy Network report released in 2014, 19% of the energy consumption and 22 % of electricity is generated using sustainable resources. Energy Policy Network provides international leadership by facilitating exchange of knowledge, policy formulation, collaboration and support towards development and utilization of sustainable energy resources through multi-stakeholder participation. India. has taken lead and is the first nation in the world to formulate and establish policy towards utilizing non-conventional energy resources. According to 2010 report, India generates 9.9 GW of electricity from sustainable energy resources, of which wind energy contributes to 68.9% and 4.59% from solar photovoltaic energy. India has great potential to accelerate the use of its endowed sustainable resources to power its growing economy with a secure and affordable energy supply. Deliberations were made on harnessing the potential of sustainable resources and possible convergence of emerging technologies for their best possible utility in energy management. Page 2 of 13
3 Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore The Indian Academy of Sciences (IASc), Bangalore, established in 1934, aims at promoting the progress and upholding the cause of science in pure and applied branches. Its major activities include publications of scientific journals and special volumes, recognition of scientific journals and special volumes, recognition of scientific talent and improvement of science education. The academy has organized and continues to organize several annual meetings, public lectures, discussion meetings, refresher courses and lecture workshops jointly with Indian National Science Academy (INSA), New Delhi and the National Academy of Sciences India (NASI), Allahabad in Institutes/Universities/Colleges throughout India. Participants In addition to about 150 postgraduate students from different disciplines (Biochemistry, Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Science), 10 research scholars (Biochemistry, Physics, Chemistry, Environmental Science, Biotechnology) and 25 staff members of postgraduate departments and University College of Science (Botany, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Physics, Chemistry, Environmental Science and Zoology) had participated in the workshop. Page 3 of 13
4 Inaugural Session Participants-in the Workshop The participants and the dignitaries were welcomed by Dr. R G Sharathchandra, Department of Enviornmental Science, Tumkur University. The workshop was inaugurated on 18 th August 2015 by Prof. K. J. Rao, Convener of the Workshop, Emeritus Professor, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Prof. R. R. Rao, INSA Scientist, Bangalore and Prof. A H Rajasab, Hon ble Vice Chancellor of Tumkur University and Prof. N B Naduvinamani, Registrar (Evaluation), Tumkur University by lighting of lamp. Inaugural Function: Lighting of lamp by Prof. K. J. Rao, briefing about the objectives of Indian Academy of Science, Bangalore and importance of workshop. Professor K. J. Rao, in his inaugural address, highlighted the various programmes conducted by the science academies to nurture science. He gave a brief history about Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore and its association with other academies in promoting strong science platform in colleges by conducting various programmes like Summer Research Fellowships for students and faculties to create awareness on the recent trends in advanced scientific research, refresher courses for faculties on contemporary topics, lecture workshops to provide platform to Page 4 of 13
5 interact with the scientific fellows to popularize science, make public aware of the scientific progress and motivate the aspiring students and faculty of various colleges and university to discuss on the contemporary issues. Prof. K. J. Rao highlighted the importance of the topic to current scenario and thanked the Academy for its generous support for organizing the workshop. Prof. A H Rajasab, Hon ble Vice chancellor, Tumkur University, Tumkur presided over the inaugural function. In his presidential address thanked Indian Academy of Sciences for providing an opportunity to organize the workshop at Tumkur University. In the inaugural function, the guests of the workshop- Prof. K. J. Rao and Prof. R. R. Rao was honoured by the organizers. Dr. R. G. Sharathchandra of Department of Studies and Research in Environmental Science, Tumkur University, proposed the vote of thanks. Special gratitude was extended to the Indian Academy of Sciences for providing an opportunity to organize the workshop at Tumkur University. Session I The first session for the day was chaired by Professor R R Rao, INSA Scientist, Bangalore. The rapporteurs for this session were Dr. Sharathchandra (Department of Studies and Research in Environmental Science) and Dr. R G Vaidya, Department of Studies and Research in Physics, Tumkur University. Prof. K. J. Rao, Convener, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Professor K. J. Rao, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore who is also the Convener of the Science Academies Lecture workshop delivered the inaugural address on Overview on sustainable energy resources-utilities and limitations. Prof. Rao emphasized on the current methodologies used to generate energy and highlighted issues related to solar energy, nuclear energy, geothermal energy and hydro as the renewable energy resources. Prof. Rao also deliberated on the multitude of efforts being done globally to increase the efficiency of power generation and also in search of alternatives in science & technology of sustainable energy resources. Page 5 of 13
6 Prof. K. J. Rao, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Prof. R. R. Rao delivered lecture on Biodiversity in India with special reference to Bioenergy plants. In his lecture Prof. Rao emphasized that the potential utilization of biomass available in India (540 million tonnes/year) could generate more than 16,000 MW of grid quality power. Several bioresources such as wood, biogas are conventional methods of power generation. Floristic diversity in India also includes several hydrocarbon plants which yield a potential source of petroleum-like products. Aquatic biomass of wetlands are also promising resource for second generation biofuels. Diatoms are the most productive source to generate biodiesel and petroleum based liquid fuels. Prof. R. R. Rao, INSA Honorary Scientist, Bangalore Page 6 of 13
7 Prof. K. N. Ganeshaiah, delivered a lecture on water resources and civilization. Prof. Ganeshaiah provided an exhaustive review on the connectivity between the water resources to evolution of civilizations across the world. The unplanned usage of water resources and overexploitation of water can create crisis in future. The use of water as renewable resources for power generation was also stressed. Prof. K. N. Ganeshaiah, Department of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, UAS GKVK Bangalore Prof. A H Rajasab, Hon ble Vice Chancellor, Tumkur University delivered a lecture on Biofuelssource of alternative renewable energy in the last session on 18 th August In his lecture Prof. Rajasab provided information related to biofuels as a potential means to stimulate rural development and resource for power generation. Biofuels comprise of non-edible oils in their natural form. There are several advantages of using biofuel as a replacement for diesel-due to low toxicity, environmental consequences of biofuel spills, low health risk etc. Among the sources of biofuel research, Prof. Rajasab provided detailed analyses of pros and cons of first, second generation biofuels. In addition to biomass from agricultural waste, algae, aquatic biomass, flora can also be used for power generation. Page 7 of 13
8 Prof. A. H. Rajasab, Hon ble Vice-chancellor, Tumkur University, Tumkur On 19 th August 2015, in the morning session, Prof. B. R. Jagirdar, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore delivered lecture on for future energy demands, turn on to hydrogen. In his presentation, Prof, Jagirdar stressed on the advantages of using hydrogen as clean fuel. Prof. B. R. Jagirdar, IPC department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore To achieve this goal, Prof. Jagirdar group is actively engaged in investigating nanoparticles and organometallic compounds as storage house of hydrogen. The advantage of the above compounds is that the unreactive H-H chemical bonds will be of interest. Current efforts in our laboratory are directed toward the development of hydrogen storage materials, primarily monometallic, core-shell and alloy, and composite nanoparticles. Page 8 of 13
9 Prof. T V Ramachandra delivered a lecture on exploration of sustainable sources of energy. In which Prof. Ramachandra emphasized on the role of energy in the development of a region. Harvesting energy depends on the availability of resources apart from the economic viability with technical feasibility of meeting the demand. The energy requirement of India is mainly supplied by coal. Renewable energy resources potential is derived from high resolution satellite derived data which reveals that 5KWh/m2/day of annual average global isolation, with scope for large scale exploitation of renewable energy especially solar potential. In this regard, Prof. Ramachandra s group has developed the gasoline secreting diatom solar panels to produce gasoline from diatoms sustainably. Till now biofuel generation by using bioresources such as crushing them to collect the lipids and then filtering to extract oil and use as biofuel. Prof. Ramachandra s group has developed the use of some diatoms which secrete more lipid content when subjected to unfavourable environment or culture conditions such as nutrient starvation or extreme temperature. Diatoms will double their biomass with an hour rapidly and is also responsible for 25% of global carbon dioxide fixation. Diatoms can be cultivated for oil extraction, then can automatically reabsorb carbon dioxide in the process. Dr. Ramachandra had proposed that cells in diatoms can be manipulated to actively secrete oils. Unlike ordinary solar panels that produce electricity, diatom solar panels would produce oil for us. Prof. T. V. Ramachandra, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Dr. Satish Patil from IISc, Bangalore delivered a lecuture on conjugated polymer based solar cells. In his lecture, Prof. Satish Patil stressed on the importance of solar energy as an clean energy resource which need to be utilized for full potential. Prof. Patil provided an overview on the development of solar cells. First generation solar cells was based on single crystalline silica in 1943 while second generation solar cells have thin film technology. The cost of thin film technology and inefficient conversion of energy inhibits its utilization to full extent. Recent development focus on potential use of renewable low-cost solar cell technology. For which Page 9 of 13
10 conjugated polymers which have low band gap can be used as an alternative to thin fill silicon based solar cells. Dr. Patil highlighted the current status of organic solar cells for energy conversion process. Prof. Satish Patil, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Prof. A K Shukla delivered a lecture on: Renaissance in battery development. Prof. A K Shukla provided an overview on the historical development of batteries beginning from Alessandro Voltas invention of first useful battery in 1800 to today s lithium batteries and beyond. He began with the basics features or characteristics a battery should meet and then correlated to Daniel cell, Leclanche cells, lead acid batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, lithium batteries, lithium ion batteries, lithium air batteries. Prof. Shukla highlighted the underlying R & D challenges faced by batteries. Prof. Ashok K Shukla, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Page 10 of 13
11 Prof. A. K. Shukla witnessed all the sessions on the second day and was impressed by the feedback by the participants. Dr. Satish Patil and Prof. A. K. Shukla were the chief guests of the function. Dr. Manohar Shinde Department of Biochemistry, Tumkur University presided over the valedictory function and honoured the chief guests. In the valedictory function, Prof. A. K. Shukla conveyed his gratitude to Prof. K. J. Rao. T N Ramesh, coordinator of the workshop extended the vote of thanks and acknowledged the support of Indian Science Academies and gratefully thanked Prof. K. J. Rao for providing an opportunity and wholehearted support to organize the workshop at Tumkur University. Students gave the feedback in which he mentioned that the workshop was well organized, lectures were very useful and interesting. Valedictory function Feedback from the participants Page 11 of 13
12 Science Academies Lecture Workshop on Future perspective and emerging technologies for sustainable energy resources TIME TABLE Day 1: Tuesday, 18 th August 2015 TIME DETAILS Speaker Topic AM Registration AM Inauguration Prof. K. J Rao Convener and chief guest AM Inaugural lecture IISc, Bangalore Prof. K. J Rao IISc., Bangalore Page 12 of 13 Convener-Overview on sustainable energy resourcesutilities and limitations AM Tea Break Dr. R. Raghavendra Rao Honorary Scientist, No. 328, B PM Lecture 2 4, Kendriya Vihar, Yelahanka, Bangalore PM Lunch Break Prof K N Ganeshaiah Water and civilization Department of Forestry and PM Lecture 3 Environmental Sciences, UAS GKVK Bangalore PM Tea Break PM Lecture 4 Prof. A. H. Rajasab, Hon ble Vice Chancellor, Tumkur University, Tumkur PM Tea Break Day 2: Wednesday, 19 th August 2015 TIME DETAILS Speaker AM Lecture 4 Prof B. R Jagirdar IPC department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore AM Tea Break Prof. T V AM Lecture 5 Ramachandra Centre for Ecological Sciences, IISc, Bangalore PM Lunch Prof. Satish Patil PM Lecture 6 SSCU, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore PM Tea Break Biodiversity in India with special reference to bioenergy plants Biofuels-source of alternative renewable energy For future energy demands, turn to hydrogen Exploration of sustainable sources of energy Conjugated polymer based solar cells Prof. A.K. Shukla The renaissance in battery PM Lecture 7 SSCU, Indian Institute of development Science, Bangalore PM Valedictory Function
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