LNG HYBRID FERRIES FOR EASTERN CANADA
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1 LNG HYBRID FERRIES FOR EASTERN CANADA CANADIAN FERRY ASSOCIATION MARRIOTT HARBOURFRONT HALIFAX, NS 25,26 SEPTEMBER 2017 John Hatley PE Gas Initiatives ( MBA, MSE ) Wartsila North America Cell john.hatley@wartsila.com 1
2 Agenda What? Why & How? Focus Eastern Canada Disruptive Battery Technology Hybrid Ferry Owner Choices Business Case Hybrid Ferry Short Haul Investment Returns Conclusions Take Aways Business Case Appendix 2 Wärtsilä
3 Agenda What? Why & How? Focus Eastern Canada Disruptive Battery Technology Hybrid Ferry Owner Choices Business Case Hybrid Ferry Short Haul Investment Returns Conclusions Take Aways Business Case Appendix 3 Wärtsilä
4 Eastern Canada Questions, Concerns What s status of hybrid battery technologies & prices? Is LNG fuel available? Is LNG affordable? Does it beat Diesel fuel today, tomorrow? How so? 4
5 25 November 2015 Average li-ion battery prices fell 53% between 2012 and 2015.between 2013 and % of total reduction in cost will come from balance of plant equipment rather than from batteries alone. Source: 5
6 28 June 2016 There are new markets opening up because of what we ve seen in battery pricing. Source: 6
7 26 October 2016 Massive decline battery prices to boost electric car and energy storage opportunities. From 2010 to 2015 electric car sales zoomed up 10 fold! Source: alling-battery-prices-will-open-up-world-ofinnov.aspx 7
8 4 January 2017 Tesla s Lithium-ion battery Gigafactory opens near Reno NV, 4.9 million square feet to hire 6K employees supporting Tesla Energy & Model 3 Cars. Source: /OEM01/ /teslalaunches-battery-production-atgigafactorynths 8
9 21 Feb 2017 Ward s Auto reports prices could reach magic $100 per Kw hour by 2020 to spur electric car growth some forecast over 1 million US sales electric cars annually. Source: 9
10 Battery Technology Scale manufacturing & improved processes Lower Component prices Technology advances Battery Capacity ( new cathodes, anodes, electrolytes) Accelerating disruptive battery technology advances driven by car makers with mass market potential coming to realization TESLA, GM 10
11 Agenda What? Why & How? Focus Eastern Canada Disruptive Battery Technology Hybrid Ferry Owner Choices Business Case Hybrid Ferry Short Haul Investment Returns Conclusions Take Aways Business Case Appendix 11 Wärtsilä
12 Hybrid Ferry Energy Flows Propulsion Power Demand Supplemental Charging Dockside Boost Charging Primary Energy Supply 12
13 Diesel Electric vs. LNG Hybrid Ferry Canadian Corporation Ferry Twin Screw Capacity 580 passengers & 130 vehicles North America ECA Tier 3 Cruise Speed 15.5 knots ( electrical ) Design 17.0 ( w / margin ) Major Class Society Diesel electric 1480 kw 2 LNG 1480 kw ( 5,954 HP ) + 3MWh Battery Diesel Electric + SCR ( N0x reduction ) LNG Electric + Hybrid Battery 13 Wärtsilä
14 Emissions Tier 3 New Build Attributes Diesel + SCR LNG LNG complies Tier 3 without host support cyrogenics Diesel Tier 3 emissions requires N0x abatement using SCR plus host equipment support; chemicals, tanks, waste stream sludge, piping/pumps, controls/automation, soot blowers Source: Wartsila Moss White Paper: Exhaust Gas Cleaning: How to Choose the Correct Scrubber, Jennifer Ahlback, Wärtsilä
15 Automated Mooring & Charging MOORMASTER IPT COMBINED MOORING & INDUCTIVE CHARGING Zero Emission Wartsila Induction Charging: maximizes charging interval from arrival to departure Graphic impression Source: Cavotec, Wartsila Carvotec vacuum technology automated mooring for safe, rapid, efficient mooring.
16 Dockside Induction Charging Captures maximum charge interval from arrival to departure enables short ferry turnarounds SIMOPS power charging loading and unloading Rapid charge transfer of >1 MW power Improved safety with proximity charging eliminates historic need for cables or hard electrical connections eliminates labor and improves crew Health Safety Eliminates plug compatibility challenges Competitive advantage enhances fast ferry turnarounds for schedule integrity and lower speed crossings with energy savings for improved bottom line. 16
17 What Else? It s not just fuel cost, rather how efficiently are the engines and system operating? With hybrid batteries the engines only supplement the primary energy source ( shore power) thus engines operate a minimal amount of peak efficiency traditionally engines operated continuously and often at partial loads with resulting sub-optimal efficiency. Minimal engine operating time = deferred maintenance High engine efficiency = lower fuel consumption annually as power burden provided by clean, safe, cost shore-side energy. 17
18 Owner Choices Consume compliant Low Sulfur Distillate champagne fuel + Selective Catalytic Reduction for N0x Switch to LNG fuel: safe, clean, abundant, affordable, & available natural gas LNG Reduction: CO2, N0x, SOx, PM IMO Tier 3 plus Emission Control Area ECA forces timely owner choices 26 September 2017
19 Why is LNG so clean? Methane [CH 4 ] Ethane [C 2 H 6 ] Propane [C 3 H 8 ] Butane [C 4 H 10 ] 4:1 (400%) 6:2 (300%) 8:3 (267%) 10:4 (250%) Natural gas composition consists of a lot of methane; with the lowest carbon ratio, results in the cleanest burning fuel & low CO2 19
20 Methane and Diesel Molecules A methane molecule has one carbon surrounded by four hydrogen atoms which contain energy to be released during combustion. Methane has the least carbon in it s chain. Consider 4 hydrogen atoms per 1 carbon atom, a 4:1 ratio. So by simple chemistry, it is clean burning as there is very little carbon to release and hence lowest CO2 of all fuels. Contrast the simple methane molecule to a rather complex chain for the diesel molecule. A typical diesel molecule consists of a chain of 34 hydrogen atoms per 16 carbon atoms, a ratio : 1. So diesel by simple chemistry upon burning will release more carbon. Molecule Methane [CH 4 ] Source: Molecule Diesel [C 16 H 34 ] Source: 20
21 Gas provides Low Emissions CO 2-25% Emission values [%] 100 LNG provides a wide range of significant emission reductions compared to traditional diesel fuel engines -85% NO x SO x -99% Particulates DF Natural Gas Engine -99% Diesel Engine 21 Wärtsilä
22 Agenda What? Why & How? Focus Eastern Canada Disruptive Battery Technology Hybrid Ferry Owner Choices Business Case Hybrid Ferry Short Haul Investment Returns Conclusions Take Aways Business Case Appendix 22 Wärtsilä
23 New Build or not? 1. Keep existing vessel and wait 2. Build diesel electric 3. Build new LNG electric hybrid Why now? Because LNG fuel is 26% less costly than delivered diesel fuel 23
24 Fuel Volatility LNG Diesel Source: qdefault.jpg Source: Pivotal LNG, An AGL Resources Company Source: 1_e3b8a10f17_z.jpg?zz=1 Changes to LNG underlying commodity variable costs have far less impact than Diesel. 24
25 Vessel Comparison 25
26 Simplified Short Haul Hybrid Ferry Energy Flows 6656 kwh kwh Propulsion Power Demand kwh kwh Supplemental Charging Dockside Boost Charging Primary Energy Supply 26 Keep it Simple for now battery bank takes power surges & allow engines to peak efficiency. leave Dockside Boost charging as future port upgrade
27 Economics Diesel Electric vs. LNG Electric Hybrid LNG Savings $600,000 / yr. vs. New Diesel Electric greater savings over older technology LNG Hybrid Captures compelling savings & Environmental benefits 27
28 Agenda What? Why & How? Focus Eastern Canada Disruptive Battery Technology Hybrid Ferry Owner Choices Business Case Hybrid Ferry Short Haul Investment Returns Conclusions Take Aways Business Case Appendix 28 Wärtsilä
29 Eastern Canada Questions, Concerns What s status of hybrid battery technologies & prices? It s disruptive! Is LNG fuel available? Is LNG affordable? YES ask your supplier SAVES $600,000 Annually Does it beat Diesel fuel today, tomorrow? YES...by 26% How so? LNG it s time is now! 29
30 Wireless Charging 20 September 2017 Future step use shore-side electrical charging as dockside infrastructure allows expansion. 30 Source:
31 Agenda What? Why & How? Focus Eastern Canada Disruptive Battery Technology Hybrid Ferry Owner Choices Business Case Hybrid Ferry Short Haul Investment Returns Conclusions Take Aways Business Case Appendix 31 Wärtsilä
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