A CLIMATIC RESPONSIVE URBAN PLANNING MODEL FOR HIGH DENSITY CITY: SINGAPORE'S COMMERCIAL DISTRICT
|
|
- Gloria Hart
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The 5th International Conference of the International Forum on Urbanism (IFoU) 2011 National University of Singapore, Department of Architecture Global Visions: Risks and Opportunities for the Urban Planet A CLIMATIC RESPONSIVE URBAN PLANNING MODEL FOR HIGH DENSITY CITY: SINGAPORE'S COMMERCIAL DISTRICT N.H. Wong R. Samsudin S.K. Jusuf A. Eliza M. Ignatius Department of Centre for SustainableCentre for Sustainable Department of Department of Building, NUS Singapore Asian Cities, NUS, Singapore Asian Cities, NUS, Singapore Building, NUS Singapore, Building, NUS, Singapore bdgwnh@nus.edu.sg steve.kj@nus.edu.sg sders@nus.edu.sg A @nus.edu.sg A @nus.edu.sg ABSTRACT Local climate condition and urban morphology affect air temperature generated within urban canopy layer, which related to urban heat island (UHI) intensity and later impacts on outdoor thermal comfort and urban energy usage. Climatic responsive urban planning by careful consideration on urban morphology parameters of urban corridor width, building height, urban surface materials, sky view factor (SVF) and vegetation help to improve urban environment quality. This study mainly focuses on commercial district and observes impacts of various urban structures configurations towards air temperature by interpolating climatic and urban morphology predictors. The urban structures indeed show a correlation with the air temperature generated although vegetation also contributes in reducing air temperature through its evapotranspiration process. Therefore, the understanding of relation between urban morphology with thermal performance and UHI benefits in future urban planning and development. KEYWORDS: urban morphology, temperature map, urban heat island (UHI), Singapore's commercial district 1. INTRODUCTION Cities are growing towards megacities with higher density urban planning, narrower urban corridors and more high-rise urban structures. This urban transformation causes daytime and nighttime urban heat island (UHI) which leads to declining of urban environment quality. Earlier studies show strong relation between urban morphology and increasing air temperature within cities centre. Urban structures absorb solar heat during daytime and release it during night-time. Densely built area tends to trap the heat when it is released from urban structures into urban environment, increases urban air temperature compared to surrounding rural areas and causes UHI effect. UHI affects street level
2 Thermal comfort, health, environment quality and may cause increase of urban energy demand. In a built environment at micro-scale, buildings and vegetations influence the incident solar radiation received by urban surface. This is determined by the openness of an urban surface, which is called as sky view factor (SVF) as mentioned by Cleugh in his study [1]. SVF explains the percentage of a point's field of view that is occupied by the sky as opposed to the buildings, trees or any other objects in the landscape. Oke [2] also related both SVF and height-to-width ratio of urban canyon with UHI intensity. The lower SVF value the higher urban air temperature. Geographically, Singapore is located between latitudes 1 09' North and 1 29' South, longitudes ' East and ' East. By its location, Singapore falls within hot humid climate region with characteristics of uniform high temperature, humidity and rainfall throughout the year [3]. Singapore as the most developed country within Southeast Asian region has been experiencing rapid urban development. Commercial district is one of the highly developed areas, which allows higher building site coverage and plot ratio with rows of high-rise buildings for residential and commercial usage to encourage the country's strong economic growth. Current Singapore's urban planning policy for commercial district allows high-rise developments with plot ratio ranging from 5 to more than 11.2 which can be translated to building height ranging from 25 to more than 50 storeys height. A study conducted by Wong [4] observed from the satellite image that UHI in Singapore is seen during daytime with 'hot spots' were identified on commercial districts besides airport and industrial areas. However, 'cool spots' were identified as well on large parks, the landscape in between housing estates and the catchment area. Jusuf et al. [5] studied the relation between land use and ambient temperature as shown in Fig. 1. It is seen that during daytime commercial district experienced lower temperature compared to other land uses. Nevertheless, during night-time, it experienced higher temperature. Figure 1 UHI profile in Singapore (Source: Jusuf et al., 2007)
3 Local climate condition is the existing factor that permanently affecting macro and micro climate condition. Katzschner [6] mentioned that climate is an ever existing factor in a built environment and the study about climate condition is purposed to improve the climate condition and to reduce the negative micro climate effects. Mills [7] proposed that examining the relationship between urban forms and climate can employ the results of urban climatology into urban design guidelines. To improve the urban environment quality and mitigate UHI effect, a climatic map of an urban area is possible to be developed by using Geographic Information System (GIS) platform with analysis on different information layers. Climatic mapping method has become widely used for urban planning from macro to micro level and can be used as reference for future urban planning and development. 2. METHODOLOGY Temperature map for Singapore's commercial district in this study is developed by overlaying layers of urban morphology parameters and predicted Tmax, Tavg and Tmin using GIS platform. Tmax represents maximum temperature during daytime between and Tmin represents minimum temperature during nighttime. Predicted temperature are calculated by interpolating historical climatic parameters of temperature and solar radiation obtained from local weather station with urban morphology predictors of building height, exposed surface area, average albedo and sky view factor (SVF). This study compares the existing urban morphology condition with proposed possible scenarios based on current Singapore's urban planning policy for commercial district. Models of 6 types massing configuration consist of 1 mass, 2 masses, 3 masses, 5 masses, 10 masses and 16 masses are developed and to be observed on 7 sites in commercial district which presently is densely built and have allowable plot ratio more than 11.2 [8], namely site A, B, C, D, E, F and G. By configuring different massing configuration, various building footprints and building heights are achieved. Building footprint determines urban corridor width and horizontal urban density are achieved while building height contributes in sky view factor (SVF). Table 1 and Figure 3 shows the 6 type massing configuration used in this study. Figure 2 Selected 7 sites in commercial district with plot ratio 11.2
4 Table 1 Matrix of different building configurations on each site Figure 3 Scenarios of different building configuration located on 7 sites in Singapore's commercial district Total of 9 measurement points, out of other measurement points allocated within commercial districts, within 50 meter radius buffer are distributed around the selected sites and predicted Tmax, Tavg and Tmin are calculated by using Screening Tool for Estate Environment Evaluation (STEVE) tool as developed by Wong et al. [9]. STEVE tool is a web-based application that is specific for an estate and it calculates Tmax, Tavg and Tmin of a point of interest of an estate based on correlation between climatic and urban morphology predictors by applying equations as shown in Eq. (1), (2) and (3) below. Tmax (oc) = RefTmax (oc) SOLARmax (W/m2) PAVE (%) HBDG WALL (m2) SVF ALB (1) Tavg (oc) = Ref Tavg (oc) E-05 SOLARtotal (W/m2) PAVE (%) GnPR HBDG E-05 WALL (m2) SVF (2)
5 Tmin (oc) = Ref Tmin (oc) PAVE (%) GnPR HBDG E-06 WALL (m2) (3) This study mainly focuses on effect of urban structures towards urban air temperature Therefore, greenery variable is not included in the predicted temperature calculations. Open areas in between buildings blocks are assumed as pavement areas. However, it is confirmed from many earlier studies that greenery contributes greatly in reducing the urban air temperature by the trees shading and vegetations evapotranspiration process. 3. FINDINGS Temperature map of predicted Tmax, Tavg and Tmin for all scenarios show that there are changes on air temperature accordingly by changing the buildings configuration and density. 3.1 Temperature maximum (Tmax) map Figure 4 Tmax temperature map on existing site condition compared with 6 scenarios of urban structures configuration and density 5
6 Temperature map Tmax in Fig. 4 indicates higher temperature for some areas in scenario 1, 2 and 3 compared to scenario 4, 5 and 6. Building configurations in scenario 1, 2 and 3 allow more open spaces and receive more direct solar radiation during day-time thus increase air temperature within urban canopy layer. Building height also contributes in reducing Tmax, benefits from the building shading that falls onto pavement area, as shown in some area that indicate lower temperature in scenario 1, 2 and 3. However, particular areas in scenario 1 still show higher temperature especially in between the buildings which rather far apart. This confirms Oke [2] study on correlation between ratio of building height and urban corridor width with urban air temperature. Building configuration in scenario 4, 5 and 6 results in lower temperature considering effect of shading that falls onto pavement and lower SVF value because of the urban density setting regardless lower building height planned for these scenarios. Predicted Tmax also takes account of exposed surface area therefore lower building may possibly have less exposed surface area. 3.2 Temperature average (Tavg) map Figure 5 Tavg temperature map on existing site condition compared with 6 scenarios of urban structures configuration and density 6
7 Similar scenarios of building configuration are modeled to calculate predicted Tavg. Temperature maps in Fig. 5 above show that scenario 1, 2 and 3 indicate lower air temperature compared to existing condition and the other 3 scenarios and it seems that reduction of building height impacts on the increasing of Tavg as shown in scenario 4, 5 and 6. However, amongst the last 3 building configuration, scenario 4 which has the lowest building density but highest building height indicates the lowest air temperature. Temperature map Tavg also confirms correlation between ratio building height and urban corridor width with SVF value, which affect amount of solar radiation coming into urban area. Solar radiation is one of climatic predictors that determines the level of air temperature generated within urban canopy layer. 3.3 Temperature minimum (Tmin) map Figure 6 Tmin temperature map on existing site condition compared with 6 scenarios of urban structures configuration and density From Fig. 6 above, it can be seen that scenario 1, 2 and 3 with lesser density of building configuration have lower air temperature compared to existing condition, scenario 4, 5 and 6. Sparsely planned urban structures allow heat released from building surface to go 7
8 up and leave urban canopy layer. Inversely, higher density building configurations seem to trap the heat within urban canopy layer and result in higher air temperature which confirms the presence of potential UHI effect. In this study scenario 1, 2 and 3 have the highest building height compared to scenario 4, 5 and 6 therefore scenario 1, 2 and 3 allow more open spaces compared to the other scenarios. However, some areas in scenario 1 seem to have higher air temperature compared to scenario 2 and 3. Scenario 1 proposes single urban structures configuration and therefore the distance between one to other urban structures are rather wide and during day-time the shading falls on the pavement may not be able to cover big portion of pavement area and affects on the amount of solar heat absorbed by urban surface. This related to pavement area thermal characteristics in storing the solar heat that absorbed during day-time. 4. CONCLUSIONS Besides local climate condition, urban morphology predictors affect air temperature generated within urban canopy layer which later impact on UHI intensity. Building density and building height are some urban morphology predictors observed in this study. Urban configuration with lower building density allows more open spaces that potentially increases air temperature during day-time due to the amount of solar radiation coming into urban canopy layer. But sparsely planned buildings helps for the heat that is released from urban surfaces into urban area to go up and leave urban canopy layer. Inversely, densely planned urban area provides more shading and reduce amount of solar heat absorbed thus potentially reduce air temperature during day-time but it traps the heat released during night-time and causes higher air temperature compared to surrounding areas which less densely planned. Combination of lower density urban configuration with higher building height confirms in to reducing air temperature during night-time as it allow more open space and allows the heat that is release into urban area to go up and leave urban canopy layer. Proportionally planned building height and urban corridor width affect in minimizing SVF value and solar heat radiation coming into urban canopy layer which help to lower air temperature during day-time. Figure 7 compiles the differences of Tmax, Tavg and Tmin observed between existing condition on 7 sites in Singapore's commercial district with 6 scenarios of different building configuration proposed. It shows that there is a threshold of optimum density that potentially applied for these sites. In general all building configuration scenarios reduce existing condition air temperature. However, scenario 5 and 6 do not seem to have significant contribution. Therefore, it can be concluded that urban configuration with 1 to 8
9 buildings are effective in reducing UHI effect in the context of sites used in this study. However, this threshold may not be applicable for other sites depending on the site area and allowable plot ratio therefore further detailed study needs to be conducted for other sites in order to observe particular optimum threshold. Figure 7 Average temperature difference on massing configuration scenarios This parametric study confirms that understanding and application of climatic responsive urban planning contributes greatly in improving thermal performance within urban area which in further impacts on outdoor thermal comfort, health, air quality and urban energy usage. Limitation to this study is that vegetation variable and urban wind ventilation are not included thus further detailed study can be conducted for more comprehensive urban thermal performance findings and analysis. REFERENCES [1] Cleugh, H., "Urban Climates" in "Future Climates of The World: A Modelling Perspective", edited by Henderson-Sellers, A., Amsterdam, New York, Elsevier, 1995, pp.488. [2] Oke, T.R., "Boundary Layer Climates", London, Routledge, [3] [4] Wong, N.H., "Study of Rooftop Gardens in Singapore", Singapore, [5] Jusuf, S.K et al., "The Influence of Land Use on The Urban Heat Island in Singapore", Habitat International, Vol. 31 (2007), pp [6] Katzschner, L., "The Urban Climate as A Parameter for Urban Development", Energy and Buildings, Vol. 11 (1988), pp
10 [7] Mills, G., "The Radiative Effects of Building Groups on Single Structures", Energy and Buildings, Vol. 25 (1997), pp [8] [9] Wong, N.H., Jusuf, S.K., Syafii, N.I., Chen, Y., Hajadi, N., Sathyanarayanan, H. and Manickavasagam, Y.V., "Evaluation of The Impact of The Surrounding Urban Morphology on Building Energy Consumption", Solar and Energy, In Press. 10
GIS-Based urban heat island study in University campus
1127 GIS-Based urban heat island study in University campus N. H. Wong, S. K. Jusuf National University of Singapore, Singapore ABSTRACT Urban development is unavoidable as the result of country s economic
More informationPassive Cooling Design Options to Improve Thermal Comfort in an Urban District of Rome, Under Hot Summer Conditions
Passive Cooling Design Options to Improve Thermal Comfort in an Urban District of Rome, Under Hot Summer Conditions Giorgio Galli #,1, Andrea Vallati #,2, Carla Recchiuti #,3, Roberto De Lieto Vollaro
More informationUrban Climate. Prof. Dr. Lutz Katzschner Environmental Meteorology Department Faculty of Architecture and Planning University Kassel / Germany
Urban Climate Prof. Dr. Lutz Katzschner Environmental Meteorology Department Faculty of Architecture and Planning University Kassel / Germany Urban Climatology and Global Climate Change - air pollution
More informationThe thermal effects of city greens on surroundings under the tropical climate
September 2004 Page 1 of 6 The thermal effects of city greens on surroundings under the tropical climate Wong Nyuk Hien 1 and Chen Yu 2 1,2 Department of Building, National University of Singapore, Singapore
More informationThe urban heat island in Melbourne: drivers, spatial and temporal variability, and the vital role of stormwater
The urban heat island in Melbourne: drivers, spatial and temporal variability, and the vital role of stormwater A. M. Coutts 1, J. Beringer 2, S. Jimi 2 and N. J. Tapper 2 1 Sustainable Water, Recycling
More informationUHI and Thermal Performance of Office Buildings in Bangkok
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 00 (2017) 000 000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia International High- Performance Built Environment Conference A Sustainable
More informationUrban greenery: increasing resilience to climate change through green roofs and urban forestry
Urban greenery: increasing resilience to climate change through green roofs and urban forestry Author: Saiz Alcazar, Susana; Arup, Madrid, Spain Abstract: This study evaluates the impact of green roofs
More informationAssessing The Microclimate of Green and Less-Green Tropical Landscape Environment
Assessing The Microclimate of Green and Less-Green Tropical Landscape Environment Aniza Abu Bakar and Nurhayati Abdul Malek Department of Landscape Architecture, KAED International Islamic University Malaysia
More informationHeat mitigation through landscape and urban design
Heat mitigation through landscape and urban design Using observations and microclimate modeling to find the best strategy SCN Green Infrastructure (GI) Workgroup Meeting April 1, 2014 Ariane Middel, PhD
More informationOur cities will feel the heat in a changing climate
Greenhouse 2013 Our cities will feel the heat in a changing climate CM Ewenz & JM Bennett School of the Environment Flinders University The Urban Heat Island Effect http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:urban_heat_island_%28celsius%29.png
More informationAssessment of Thermal Comfort in Respect to Building Height in a High-Density City in the Tropics
American J. of Engineering and Applied Sciences 3 (3): 545-551, 2010 ISSN 1941-7020 2010 Science Publications Assessment of Thermal Comfort in Respect to Building Height in a High-Density City in the Tropics
More informationGreen Façades for Urban Comfort Improvement Implementation in a extreme Continental Mediterranean climate
Green Façades for Urban Comfort Improvement Implementation in a extreme Continental Mediterranean climate F. OLIVIERI 1, P.VIDAL 1, R. GUERRA 1, M.CHANAMPA 1, J. GARCÍA, C. BEDOYA 1 DCTA. Technical University
More informationTEMPERATURE MAPPING OF PETRA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS SURABAYA
DIMENSI Journal of Architecture and Built Environment, Vol. 42, No. 1, July 2015, 35-42 ISSN 0126-219X (print) / ISSN 2338-7858 (online) DOI: 10.9744/dimensi.42.1.35-42 TEMPERATURE MAPPING OF PETRA CHRISTIAN
More informationEffectiveness of Urban Heat Island Mitigation Strategies in Cities
Effectiveness of Urban Heat Island Mitigation Strategies in Cities Prof. Dr. Sahar Sodoudi Institute of Meteorology, Research Group Urban Climate Freie Universität Berlin http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/en/met/ag/stadtklima
More informationURBAN HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION: LOOKING BEYOND POLICIES TO LOWER AIR TEMPERATURE
Cities and Climate Change Conference March 5 7, 2018 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada URBAN HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION: LOOKING BEYOND POLICIES TO LOWER AIR TEMPERATURE Evyatar Erell Ben Gurion University of the
More informationONLINE CALCULATOR FOR EVALUATING SITE PLANNING IMPACTS EXPERIENCE OF DEVELOPING HEAT ISLAND TOOL FOR GRIHA LD
ONLINE CALCULATOR FOR EVALUATING SITE PLANNING IMPACTS EXPERIENCE OF DEVELOPING HEAT ISLAND TOOL FOR GRIHA LD Kiran Kumar D E V S 1, Apoorv Vij 2, Mohini Singh 2 1 Sustainable Buildings Group, TERI Southern
More informationClimate regulating ecosystem services: Introduction to urban microclimates
Climate regulating ecosystem services: Introduction to urban microclimates Dr Gina Cavan April 2012 gina.cavan@manchester.ac.uk Outline Climate regulating ecosystem services Fundamentals of urban climatology
More informationThe Effect of Outdoor Environment Modification Towards Building Energy Efficiency. Mohd Fairuz Shahidan, PhD Universiti Putra Malaysia
The Effect of Outdoor Environment Modification Towards Building Energy Efficiency Mohd Fairuz Shahidan, PhD Universiti Putra Malaysia CONTENTS The Influence of Outdoor Environment on Building Energy Efficiency
More informationContents of presentation
The London Heat Island and its Effect on Building Ventilation and Energy Consumption Maria Kolokotroni Brunel University Contents of presentation Quantification of London urban heat island* Macro-scale
More informationInadvertent climate changes encouraged by urbanization, are characterized by the concept of"urban heat island" (UHI).
Conclusion With the globalization, Architects lost their relationship with the environment, and the resulting built environment which was non responsive to the environment needed. This was resulting High
More informationIs It Hot Enough for You? The Effects of Urban Heat Islands
Is It Hot Enough for You? The Effects of Urban Heat Islands The Urban Heat Island 2 An urban heat island (UHI) is a metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas. Tallahassee
More informationSPATIAL URBAN CLIMATE AND URBAN PLANNING UNDER CONSIDERATION OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE. Prof. Dr. Lutz Katzschner University Kassel Germany
SPATIAL URBAN CLIMATE AND URBAN PLANNING UNDER CONSIDERATION OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE Prof. Dr. Lutz Katzschner University Kassel Germany Urban Climatology and Global Climate Change - Air pollution aspect
More informationImpact of urban morphology on Microclimatic conditions and outdoor thermal comfort A study in mixed residential neighbourhood of Chennai, India.
Impact of urban morphology on Microclimatic conditions and outdoor thermal comfort A study in mixed residential neighbourhood of Chennai, India. Lilly Rose Amirtham Lilly Rose Amirtham 1, Ebin Horrison
More informationTORONTO GREEN STANDARD v3
TORONTO GREEN STANDARD v3 AIR QUALITY ENERGY/ GHG & RESILIENCE WATER BALANCE, QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY SOLID WASTE ECOLOGY SUSTAINABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR NEW DEVELOPMENT IN TORONTO Low-Rise Residential
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 169 (2016 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 169 (2016 ) 158 165 4th International Conference on Countermeasures to Urban Heat Island (UHI) 2016 Indoor Thermal Comfort Assessment
More informationURBAN HEAT ISLANDS. GEOG/ENST 3331 Lecture 17 Ahrens: Chapter 18; A&B: Chapter 14
URBAN HEAT ISLANDS GEOG/ENST 3331 Lecture 17 Ahrens: Chapter 18; A&B: Chapter 14 Assignment 7 Describe three environmental hazards are presented by Arctic Haze. Global (1.1 C)and regional warming (2 to
More informationThe Impact of Urban Texture in Outdoor Thermal Comfort
The Impact of Urban Texture in Outdoor Thermal Comfort Ani Tola Panariti 1*, Andrea Maliqari 2, Parashqevi Tashi 3 1 Faculty of Architecture and Urban Design, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Rruga Muhamet
More informationHui Li, Ph.D., P.E. Yuan He, Ph.D. John Harvey, Ph.D., P.E.
TRB 95 th Annual Meeting. Jan 10 th 14 th, 2016 Lectern Session 756: Research Progress on Cool Pavement Strategies Hui Li, Ph.D., P.E. Yuan He, Ph.D. John Harvey, Ph.D., P.E. UC Pavement Research Center
More informationThe Role of Courtyards in Relation to Air Temperature of Urban Dwellings in Athens
The Role of Courtyards in Relation to Air Temperature of Urban Dwellings in Athens Eirini Tsianaka RMJM London Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom ABSTRACT: The geometry of an urban area, the choice of the
More informationGREEN AND COOL ROOFS URBAN HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION POTENTIAL IN EUROPEAN CLIMATES FOR OFFICE BUILDINGS UNDER FREE FLOATING CONDITIONS
GREEN AND COOL ROOFS URBAN HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION POTENTIAL IN EUROPEAN CLIMATES FOR OFFICE BUILDINGS UNDER FREE FLOATING CONDITIONS Dionysia Kolokotsa 1, Mattheos Santamouris 2 1 University of Athens,
More informationUrban Changes & Climate
Urban Changes & Climate 18-1 Urbanization Effects Mitigation Strategies Science Concepts Surface Types Surface Energy Budget - Cities Ozone - Temperature Relationship 18-2 How has urban growth changed
More informationEVALUATING THE IMPACT OF VERTICAL GREENERY SYSTEM ON COOLING EFFECT IN A HIGH RISE BUILDING AND SURROUNDINGS IN PETALING JAYA
PROGRESS REPORT SEM 2 2011/2012 EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF VERTICAL GREENERY SYSTEM ON COOLING EFFECT IN A HIGH RISE BUILDING AND SURROUNDINGS IN PETALING JAYA BADRULZAMAN JAAFAR PhD Candidate (PB103087)
More informationTEMPERATURE MAPPING OF PETRA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS SURABAYA
TEMPERATURE MAPPING OF PETRA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS SURABAYA Anik Juniwati 1, Luciana Kristanto 1, Wanda W. Canadarma 1 1 Architecture Department, Petra Christian University-Surabaya, Jl. Siwalankerto
More informationEffects of tall building envelope technologies and design strategies on the urban microclimate in hot arid regions
Effects of tall building envelope technologies and design strategies on the urban microclimate in hot arid regions Sameh Monna¹ T2 Mitigation Strategies and Techniques ABSTRACT The effects of tall building
More informationWorkshop: Architecture-Tradition and Modernization. Climate Responsive Urban Design
Workshop: Architecture-Tradition and Modernization Climate Responsive Urban Design Trends of none sustainable planning Planners of the twentieth Century seem to have assumed that urban settlements were
More informationconsumption. As the first step of calculating indoor energy consumption, this study investigated the net radiation heat gain of building exterior surf
Analysis of the Net Radiation Heat Gain of Buildings by Changing Building Distance in Guangzhou and Sendai J. HU 1,*, Y. XUAN 2, and A. MOCHIDA 1 1 Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai,
More informationThe Effect of Photosynthesis on Heat Island Production (A Case Study of Orji, Imo State Nigeria)
The Effect of Photosynthesis on Heat Island Production (A Case Study of Orji, Imo State Nigeria) Ngozi B. Ewurum 1 & Ikechukwu E. Nwosu 2 1 Ngozi B. Ewurum & 2 Ikechukwu E. Nwosu 1,2 Department of Physics,
More informationAn Investigation of the Urban Heat Island of Singapore
An Investigation of the Urban Heat Island of Singapore R.Priyadarsini 1 and N.H Wong 2 1 School of Architecture & Building, Deakin University 2 Department of Building, National University of Singapore
More informationUrban Greening and the UHI: Seasonal Trade-offs in Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption in Manchester, UK
Urban Greening and the UHI: Seasonal Trade-offs in Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption in Manchester, UK T H E R E S E A R C H E R S C y n t h i a S k e l h o r n PhD Physical Geography Post-Doctoral
More informationFACING HEAT WAVES IN THE URBAN MICROCLIMATE
The case study of Psyrri area FACING HEAT WAVES IN THE URBAN MICROCLIMATE Introduction Modification by urban areas: Cooling Load : 26 C Irradiative Thermal Moisture Aerodynamic characteristics 9.64 6.58
More informationCauses of Urban Heat Island in Singapore: An investigation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
Causes of Urban Heat Island in Singapore: An investigation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) RAJAGOPALAN PRIYADARSINI 1, WONG NYUK HIEN 2 1 School of Architecture & Building, Deakin University,
More informationF. Salamanca, published at Springer,21 April Zhang Yanqing
A discussion on the paper Citywide Impacts of Cool Roof and Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Deployment on Near-Surface Air Temperature and Cooling Energy Demand F. Salamanca, published at Springer,21 April
More informationAlbedo, Climate, & Urban Heat Islands
Albedo, Climate, & Urban Heat Islands Jeremy Gregory and CSHub research team: Xin Xu, Liyi Xu, Adam Schlosser, & Randolph Kirchain CSHub Webinar February 15, 2018 (Slides revised February 21, 2018) Albedo:
More informationUrbanizing the Community Earth System Model (CESM): Overview and Applications. Keith Oleson
Urbanizing the Community Earth System Model (CESM): Overview and Applications Keith Oleson NCAR Earth System Laboratory Climate and Global Dynamics Division Terrestrial Sciences Section Collaborators:
More informationA first look at the affect of outdoor planting on the indoor environment of St. Loyes Residence. David Coley. March 2011 Internal Document 776
Centre for Energy and the Environment Tel. (01392) 264144 Fax. (01392) 264143 Website http://www.ex.ac.uk/cee/ E-mail d.a.coley@ex.ac.uk A first look at the affect of outdoor planting on the indoor environment
More informationMODELLING THE URBAN MICROCLIMATE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON BUILDING ENERGY DEMANDS OF AN URBAN NEIGHBOURHOOD
MODELLING THE URBAN MICROCLIMATE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON BUILDING ENERGY DEMANDS OF AN URBAN NEIGHBOURHOOD J. Allegrini 1,2 ; J. Kämpf 3 ; V. Dorer 1 ; J. Carmeliet 1,2 1: Empa, Laboratory for Building Science
More informationESRI Scholarship 2009 Assessing the Influence of Trees on Building Insolation
ESRI Scholarship 2009 Assessing the Influence of Trees on Building Insolation Thoreau Rory Tooke PhD Candidate rorytooke@gmail.com Background My educational foundation, grounded in Geography, has inspired
More informationURBAN CLIMATIC MAPPING FOR PLANNING AN EXPERIENCE FROM HONG KONG
URBAN CLIMATIC MAPPING FOR PLANNING AN EXPERIENCE FROM HONG KONG Abstract More than half of the world's population now lives in cities. There are more than a handful of cities that are now mega-cities
More informationUrban Heat Island 城市熱島效應
Urban Heat Island 城市熱島效應 City changes the energy balance of the local climate City changes the energy balance of the local climate On the whole there is a positive energy balance in the city 1 What is
More informationUrban Environmental Risks
Urban Environmental Risks Increasing Energy Use Urban Energy Consumption varies by Economic Sector In the global economy, economic activities are separated into four distinct categories: Primary Sector:
More informationThe impacts of land cover types on urban outdoor thermal environment: the case of Beijing, China
Yan and Dong Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering (2015) 13:43 DOI 10.1186/s40201-015-0195-x JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The impacts
More informationVolume 8, ISSN (Online), Published at:
FACADE EXTRUSIONS' INFLUENCE ON THE BUILDING SOLAR INSOLATION PERFORMANCE Marko Jovanovic University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Architecture, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, Novi
More informationSimulating the Impact of Urban Morphology on Energy Demand - A Case Study of Yuehai, China
Simulating the Impact of Urban Morphology on Energy Demand - A Case Study of Yuehai, China Chuan SHANG, School of Architecture, Southeast University, China Ko-Yang LIN, Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff
More informationSecond Wednesdays 1:00 2:15 pm ET
Second Wednesdays 1:00 2:15 pm ET www.fs.fed.us/research/urban-webinars This meeting is being recorded. If you do not wish to be recorded, please disconnect now. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and
More informationThermal performance of biofacade with natural ventilation in the tropical climate
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 21 (2011) 34 41 2011 International Conference on Green Buildings and Sustainable Cities Thermal performance of biofacade with natural ventilation
More informationEvaluation of greening scenarios to reduce Paris city vulnerability to future heat waves
Evaluation of greening scenarios to reduce Paris city vulnerability to future heat waves Cécile de Munck, A Lemonsu, V Masson, M Bonhomme, J Le Bras cecile.demunck@meteo.fr Context & methodology Construction
More informationUrban microclimate study in Glasgow
Urban microclimate study in Glasgow Rohinton Emmanuel, School of Built & Natural Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University & Eduardo Kruger, Department of Civil Construction, Technological University
More informationDr Kieron Doick. Forest Research
Dr Kieron Doick Forest Research Keeping London a Cool Place to be: the role of greenspace Dr Kieron J. Doick Acting Head Land Regeneration and Urban Greenspace Research Group and co-authors Tony R. Hutchings
More informationField investigation on indoor thermal environment of a high-rise condominium in hot-humid climate of Bangkok, Thailand
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 00 (2017) 000 000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia International High- Performance Built Environment Conference A Sustainable
More informationInfluence of trees on the air temperature in outdoor spaces according to planting parameters: the case of the city of Aix-en-Provence in France
Sustainable Development and Planning VI 291 Influence of trees on the air temperature in outdoor spaces according to planting parameters: the case of the city of Aix-en-Provence in France L. Rodriguez
More informationWork in progress report 26 September PhD Candidate: Ehsan Sharifi. Principal Supervisor: Prof. John Boland Co-Supervisor: Dr Alpana Sivam
Thesis title: An Exploration on the Impacts of Heat Stress on Vitality of Public Space and Outdoor Activity Patterns: A Case Study of Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide Thermal Resilience: A New Logic for
More informationEnvironmental Impacts of Urban Heat Islands and their Countermeasures - Experiences of Japanese dense cities-
1 PGBC Symposium on Green Building in Hong Kong December 2, 2006 Environmental Impacts of Urban Heat Islands and their Countermeasures - Experiences of Japanese dense cities- Akashi Mochida and Isaac Y.F.
More informationThe effect of land cover and land use on urban heat island in Taiwan
The effect of land cover and land use on urban heat island in Taiwan Feng-Chi Liao 1 ;Ming-Jen Cheng 2 ;Reuy-Lung Hwang 3 ;Wen-Shan Yang 4 1 Program in Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Feng Chia University,
More informationSatellite view of Earth at night. 1-4% of land surface is urban. More than 50% of world s population lives in urban areas. NASA
Representing urban areas in climate models: The Community Land Model Urban (CLMU) Satellite view of Earth at night. 1-4% of land surface is urban. More than 50% of world s population lives in urban areas.
More informationCase Study: Bio-Climatic Building Design for Tropical Climates
Case Study: Bio-Climatic Building Design for Tropical Climates The project is located in a Development Zone and the objectives include: opening the city towards the sea, to reinvigorate the city centre,
More informationField Observation on Thermal Environment of an Urban Street with Roadside Trees in a Tropical Climate
Field Observation on Thermal Environment of an Urban Street with Roadside Trees in a Tropical Climate Hai Jian Toh 1, Sheikh Ahmad Zaki 1, Aya Hagishima 2, Mohamed Sukri Mat Ali 1 1 Universiti Teknologi
More informationFor Quiz 3 and Final Exam
For Quiz 3 and Final Exam Final Exam Times: Section 001(10:10am) Monday May 8 th 10:15am 12:15pm Section 002 (11:15am) Wednesday May 10 th 10:15am 12:15pm Urban Heat Islands (UHI) An Urban Heat Island
More informationDevelopment and Validation of a U-BIM Model For mitigation of the urban heat island effect
Development and Validation of a U-BIM Model For mitigation of the urban heat island effect ANUPAM JAIN 1, KAREN KENSEK 2, THOMAS SPIEGELHALTER 3, MARC SCHILER 4 FARNOUSH BANAEI-KASHANI 5, DOUGLAS NOBLE
More informationMicroclimate improvement through redesign of open urban areas with bioclimatic criteria in a city centre
Microclimate improvement through redesign of open urban areas with bioclimatic criteria in a city centre Dimoudi A. 1, *, Zoras St. 1, Tamiolaki A-M. 2 Dimoudi S. 2, Liveris P. 3, Pallas Chr. 4, Stathis
More informationReliability verification of an assessment tool for outdoor thermal environment
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering Reliability verification of an assessment tool for outdoor thermal environment To cite this article: Y S Jee et al 2010 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci.
More informationCombating the heat island effect
Combating the heat island effect Using green infrastructure to mitigate excess urban heat Jason Beringer, Nigel Tapper, Andrew Coutts and Margaret Loughnan Centre for Water Sensitive Cities School of Geography
More informationDemonstration of Load Shifting and Peak Load Reduction with Control of Building Thermal Mass
Demonstration of Load Shifting and Peak Load Reduction with Control of Building Thermal Mass J. E. Braun and T. M. Lawrence, Ray W. Herrick Laboratories, Purdue University C. J. Klaassen and John M. House,
More informationURBAN MORPHOLOGY AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE: THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT CONTRIBUTION IN MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE
URBAN MORPHOLOGY AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE: THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT CONTRIBUTION IN MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE Agnese Salvati Sapienza University of Rome agnese.salvati@uniroma1.it Helena Coch Roura Universitat
More informationNew Concepts in Districts Planning, Based on Heat Island Investigation
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 36 ( 2012 ) 235 242 AcE-Bs 2011 Bandung ASEAN Conference on Environment-Behaviour Studies, Savoy Homann Bidakara Bandung
More information171: An urban office designed for the southern Brazilian climate
171: An urban office designed for the southern Brazilian climate Marianne Costella Elemento 5 Bioclimatic Architecture, Brazil marianne@elemento5.com Abstract The climate in southern Brazil is characterised
More informationTHERMAL ANALYSIS OF A FACADE-MOUNTED PV ARRAY
SESCI 23 CONFERENCE Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada August 18 to 2, 23 THERMAL ANALYSIS OF A FACADE-MOUNTED PV ARRAY S. J. Harrison 1, A. Driesse 2, Q. Lin 1 1 Queen's University, Solar Calorimetry
More informationMEASURING GREEN ROOF PERFORMANCE, A SOLUTION TO SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE UAE
U.D Souza, Int. J. Sus. Dev. Plann. Vol. 9, No. 3 (2014) 376 388 MEASURING GREEN ROOF PERFORMANCE, A SOLUTION TO SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE UAE U.D SOUZA F-o-CUS: Focus on Construction Urbanism
More informationEffect of High-albedo Materials on Pedestrian Thermal Sensation in Urban Street Canyons in Hot Climates
Effect of High-albedo Materials on Pedestrian Thermal Sensation in Urban Street Canyons in Hot Climates EVYATAR ERELL, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boqer Campus, Israel, erell@bgu.ac.il DANIEL
More informationYour web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore
Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore U RBAN HEAT ISL AND For the complete encyclopedic entry with media
More informationDispersion Modelling Tools for Urban Air Quality and Climate Amy Stidworthy, Jenny Stocker and David Carruthers
Dispersion Modelling Tools for Urban Air Quality and Climate Amy Stidworthy, Jenny Stocker and David Carruthers 28 th April 2016 London CERC Software ADMS 5 ADMS-Urban ADMS-Roads ADMS-Airport EMIT FLOWSTAR-Energy
More informationMicroclimatic effects of trees and vegetative ground cover in a hot-arid urban environment David Pearlmutter
Microclimatic effects of trees and vegetative ground cover in a hot-arid urban environment David Pearlmutter Desert Architecture and Urban Planning ~ Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben-Gurion
More informationANALYSIS AND MITIGATION OF THERMAL EFFECTS ON A LARGE FACADE-MOUNTED PV ARRAY
ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION OF THERMAL EFFECTS ON A LARGE FACADE-MOUNTED PV ARRAY A. Driesse 1, S. J. Harrison 2, Q. Lin 2 1 Queen's University, Integrated Learning Center, Kingston, ON, Canada; 2 Queen's
More information10 tips from your Architect
10 tips from your Architect Within the context of the national week of Energy Efficiency, in collaboration with the Energy Efficiency Management Office, the Mauritius Association of Architects offers you
More informationEvaluating Appropriate Residential Ventilation Strategies in Dense Urban Environments and the Challenges for Passive Design
Evaluating Appropriate Residential Ventilation Strategies in Dense Urban Environments and the Challenges for Passive Design Ashley Bateson CEng CEnv MCIBSE MEI Partner, Hoare Lea Chair, CIBSE Homes for
More informationTHE EFFECTS OF URBAN HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION STRATEGIES ON THE OUTDOOR THERMAL ENVIRONMENT IN CENTRAL TOKYO A NUMERICAL SIMULATION
The Seventh Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, November 8-12, 2009, Taipei, Taiwan THE EFFECTS OF URBAN HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION STRATEGIES ON THE OUTDOOR THERMAL ENVIRONMENT IN CENTRAL TOKYO A
More informationUrban Temperature Analysis and Impact on the Building Cooling Energy Performances: An Italian Case Study
Urban Temperature Analysis and Impact on the Building Cooling Energy Performances: An Italian Case Study Michele Zinzi 1, Carlo Romeo 1, Emiliano Carnielo 2, Alessandro Mangione 3 1 Energy Efficiency in
More informationLOCAL CLIMATE ZONE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
LOCAL CLIMATE ZONE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM Stewart ID. 2011. Redefining the urban heat island. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. https://circle.ubc.ca/handle/2429/38069
More informationThe Use of Reflective and Permeable Pavements as a Potential Practice for Heat Island Mitigation and Stormwater Management
The Use of Reflective and Permeable Pavements as a Potential Practice for Heat Island Mitigation and Stormwater Management H. Li 1*, J. T. Harvey 2, T. J. Holland 3 and M. Kayhanian 4 1, 2 University of
More informationComparison of the Effects of Various Countermeasures on Energy Consumption in a Residential Building
Comparison of the Effects of Various Countermeasures on Energy Consumption in a Residential Building TAKAHIRO UEMOTO 1, DAISUKE NARUMI 1, YOSHIYUKI SHIMODA 1 1 Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental
More informationTORONTO GREEN STANDARD v3
TORONTO GREEN STANDARD v3 AIR QUALITY ENERGY/ GHG & RESILIENCE WATER BALANCE, QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY SOLID WASTE ECOLOGY SUSTAINABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR NEW DEVELOPMENT IN TORONTO For Residential Apartment
More informationNEW DEVEOLPMENTS IN APPLIED URBAN CLIMATOLOGY
NEW DEVEOLPMENTS IN APPLIED URBAN CLIMATOLOGY Prof. Dr. Lutz Katzschner University Kassel, Department Architecture and Planning, Institute of Environmental Meteorology katzschn@uni-kassel.de ABSTRACT Shrinking
More informationThermal comfort conditions in outdoor spaces
International Conference Passive and Low Energy Cooling 761 Thermal comfort conditions in outdoor spaces N. Gaitani and M. Santamouris University of Athens, Department of Physics, Division of Applied Physics,
More informationModule 3 Educator s Guide Investigation 3
Why is the city hot? Investigation Overview This investigation examines the formation of urban heat islands. NASA scientists are studying the urban heat island in Atlanta and in other cities. This investigation
More informationImpact of Urban Canyon Direction on Solar Radiation and Airflow in Hot and Humid Regions
Impact of Urban Canyon Direction on Solar Radiation and Airflow in Hot and Humid Regions Lin Yola, Ho Chin Siong Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia lin_yo_la@yahoo.com
More informationTORONTO GREEN STANDARD v3
Attachment 2 TORONTO GREEN STANDARD v3 AIR QUALITY ENERGY/ GHG & RESILIENCE WATER BALANCE, QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY SOLID WASTE ECOLOGY SUSTAINABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR NEW DEVELOPMENT IN TORONTO Mid to High-Rise
More informationTraining on Energy Efficiency in Buildings of stakeholders in urban planning, construction and building
Training on Energy Efficiency in Buildings of stakeholders in urban planning, construction and building Organised by ECREEE PRAIA, CABO VERDE, 9th-10th June 2014 SUSANNE GEISSLER _ CÉSAR FREITAS Elements
More informationLOCAL CLIMATE ZONES IAIN STEWART & TIM OKE. Application to heat island studies in tropical regions
LOCAL CLIMATE ZONES Application to heat island studies in tropical regions IAIN STEWART & TIM OKE Department of Geography University of British Columbia Vancouver CANADA LOCAL CLIMATE ZONES Stewart I,
More informationBetter Daylight and Natural Ventilation by Design
Plea24- The 21th Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture. Eindhoven, The Netherlands, 19-22 September 24 Page 1 of 5 Better Daylight and Natural Ventilation by Design Edward Ng 1 and Nyuk Hien
More informationSimulating the influence of microclimatic design on mitigating the Urban Heat Island effect in the Hangzhou Metropolitan Area of China
*Corresponding author: tianfeng.shen@nottingham. edu.cn, shentf@yeah.net Simulating the influence of microclimatic design on mitigating the Urban Heat Island effect in the Hangzhou Metropolitan Area of
More informationStormwater Harvesting A project funded by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Landscape Conservation Cooperative, WaterSMART Program
Utility Guide to Rainwater and Stormwater Harvesting A project funded by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Landscape Conservation Cooperative, WaterSMART Program Project conducted by University of Arizona
More information