European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research. Building Integration of Solar Thermal Systems TU1205 BISTS

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1 Solar Combi systems Dorota Chwieduk Institute of Heat Engineering, ITC Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering, MEiL Warsaw University oftechnology, PW Availability of solar energy

2 Availability of solar energy I Warszawa I Poznan I Kołobrzeg I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII, 9 Monthly solar irradiation on horizontal surface Availability of solar energy Daily solar irradiation on horizontal surface

3 Q & sol Q & roof Q& win Q & Q & walls h/c Q & gr Q & ven Temperature distribution inside external vertical wall at averaged day in January June Temperature distribution in the wall every hours - January Temperature distribution in the wall every hours - June 8 6 Temperature (C) Temperature (C) Nodes Nodes Thermal and physical parameters of wall layers Layer Material Thickness Specific heat Density Thermal conductivity From outside δ [m] c [kj/kgk] ρ [kg/m ] λ [W/m K] Mineral,..8 wool Brick,.8 6.6

4 Averagedheattransfer coefficientsfor differentelementsof a building envelope in the EU countries External walls -U[W/(m K)] -U [W/(m K)].6. Roof.8. Flooron a ground.. Windows.. kwh/(m ) AnnualprimaryenergyintensityindexEp heat [kwh/(m ) year] kwh/(m ) kwh/(m ) EPBD

5 Q (J) x 6 South Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Q (J) West x 6 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec x 6 Q (J) t (h) East Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - Q (J) x 6.. t (h) Daily distribution of heaing cooling energy for a room (A= 6 m V= 8 m, windowvertical x m ) North N północnej Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec the EU RTD Framework Programme t (h) - Ref. D. Chwieduk. Solar Energy in Buildings, Elsevier through an EC contract t (h) Monthly heating/cooling energy demand and energy losses/gains through envelope of south rooms,a= 6 m V= 8 m, with vertical external walls and big windows( x m ) [MJ] I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII YearQ h YearQ c Q h/c -6, -6, 8,9 6,68 6,6,8 9,66 8, 8,98 88, -,9-68,9-88,9 8,8 Q wall -6,9 -,9 -,96 -,8 -,,66 8,89, -, -6,9 -, -,6 -,9 9,9 Q win -,8-8,6 89,8 68,6 69, 6,68 9, 86,6 66,6,6-69, -,9-8,6 9,6 Monthly heating/cooling energy demand and energy losses/gains through envelope of south rooms, A= 6 m V= 8 m, with vertical external walls and small windows( x m ) [MJ] I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII YearQ h YearQ c Q h/c -68, -, -,8-9,8,86 6,8 8, 8, 8, -6, -, -,9-9,,6 Q wall -9,8-8,8-68,9 -, -6,8,9,, -,9-9, -66, -8,89-8, 9,9 Q win -,9-8,6,6 99,69,8 6, 8, 8,, 6,6 -,8-8,6-88,6,96

6 Diversification of thermal solar systems Solar combisystems-space heating & DHW 6

7 I Warszawa I Poznan I Kołobrzeg I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Gs (W/m ) t (h) The intermittent nature of solar radiation and its periodical availability means that storage of solar energy is necessary. There are significant daily and especially yearly variations of solar irradiance. Most energy needs and especially heating needs are also time dependent. Storage is crucial for efficient operation of different types of solar thermal systems, especially for space heating. Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Standard solardhw heating system 8 6

8 Vc The general energy balance of storage Q u -usefulheat rate, W Q L heatlossrate, W Q h heatdemand, W dt ρ dt = Q ( t) Q ( t) Q ( t) s p u L + ( Vcpρ) Ts = ( Vcpρ)( Ts Ts) = Q& u t Q & l t Q & h t h Domestic Hot Water (DHW) systems - kwh/m year 8

9 Standard solar COMBI system for DHW and space heating 6 Standard solar COMBI system for DHW and space heating Solar combi systems are installed mainly in Europe Austria, Germany, Switzerland,The Netherlands, Franceand in Asia -Japan 6 kwh/kw th 9

10 Solar combisystems-space heating & DHW Solar hybrid systems S G 6 8 Domestic Hot Water (DHW) + space heating

11 Printscreenfrom software visualizing operation of a solar heating system cooperating with a ground heat pump in January in a single family house, in Warsaw Ref. D. Chwieduk. Solar Energy in Buildings, Elsevier Solar combi systems-space heating & DHW Solar hybrid systems DHW Cold water Floor heating Floor heating circulation boiler Ref. Hewalex

12 Solar combi systems-space heating & DHW Solar hybrid systems circulation DHW Cold water Floor heating Floor heating boiler Swimming pool fireplace Ref. Hewalex Short term storage + seasonal storage HYBRID ACTIVE STORAGE A heatpump 8 6 Ref. D. Chwieduk. Solar AssistedHeat Pumpsin Comprehensive renewableenergy, Elsevier 8 6 I II II IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII I Warszawa I Zamość I Kołobrzeg

13 Conceptual diagram of a solar heating system with a seasonal ground heat storage and a heat pump solar collector space heating system circulation pump 6 heat exchangers storage tank with heat exchanger hot tap water system peak conventional heater, e.g. boiler 8 9 heat pump ground heat exchanger Ref. D. Chwieduk. Solar Energy in Buildings, Elsevier

14 Solar combisystems-space heating & DHW+ storage Neckarslum,Germany,CSHPSS,999,solarcollectors m, 6m groundstorage,annualenergyconsumption,gwh Ref. AAE IntecAustria -Werner Weiss Thank you for your attention 8