LNG Fuelled Vessels:

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2 LNG Fuelled Vessels: Where are we? Summary Intro Where are we? The Shipping World s perspective Where are we? The Rosetti Marino Yard and UNIGE s perspective Training needs Conclusions

3 SHIPBUILDING Harbour Tugs Ocean Going Tugs Platform Supply Vessels & AHTS Ferries Living Quarters Barges Special Purpose Barges OFFSHORE Complete Fixed Platforms Jackets Living Quarters Process Modules Power Generation Utilities Modules Compression Modules Sub-sea Templates & Manifolds PROCESS PLANTS Gas Treatment Facilities Water Treatment Facilities Modular Plants Clean Power Generation Process Equipment

4 RAVENNA TUGS FERRIES OSV AHTS SHIPBUILDING SAN VITALE YARD

5 At the At#the#beginning,#it#was#only# man#propulsion! it propulsion Then, Then,#we#moved#to#the#first# hybrid#solu<ons! the solutions As technology developed, As#technology#grew#up,## wind could become the single fuel installation wind#could#became#the# single#fuel#installa<on!

6 With#the#Industrial#Revolu<on,#steam#pushed## the Revolution, steam the#new#genera<on#of# hybrid#solu<ons! pushed generation of hybrid solutions As it As#it#had#happend#before#to#the#wind,# happened with the wind, steam could steam#could#became#the#unique#source#of# become the unique source of power power! So we So#we#reached#the#second#part#of#20 of the #century # 20 th century The The#Diesel#Era!! Era!

7 ENVIRONMENT: CLEAN FOSSIL FUEL TECHNOLOGY: SAFE AND EFFICIENT AVAILABLE AND RELIABLE RESERVES: LARGE AND PROVEN OPEX: CHEAP FUEL? BUNKERING INFRASTUCTURES AND STANDARDS: LACKING (AD HOC SOLUTIONS) CAPEX: EXPENSIVE EQUIPMENT SAILING RANGE: REDUCED PARADIGMATIC SHIFT: LNG IS NOT COLD DIESEL!

8 2000 FIRST LNG FUELLED SHIP LNG FUELLED SHIPS IN OPERATION LNG FUELLED SHIPS IN OPERATION

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10 NOx Agreement Domestic Emissions of the Shipping Industry Exemption from NOx tax of 2,25 /kg 0,5 /kg collected into the fund Income almost completely available for support of NOx reducing measures (about 80 million /year) Support to cover up to 80% of the investment cost Normand Arctic Sailing from FUNDING = 80% investment cost Boknafjord Sailing from FUNDING = 80% investment cost

11 Viking Grace Project FINNISH STATE INCENTIVE PROGRAM FOR GREENER SHIPS FJALIR Fjalir Project EMSA TEN-T 2011 FUNDING 20% CONVERSION COST SEAGAS

12 LNG Project: Infrastructure Report Full Scale Pilot Project (Stavangersfjord & Bergensfjord) EMSA TEN-T 2010 FUNDING

13 EMSA TEN-T 2013 FUNDING abt Hirtshals Port - Denmark LNG Bunkering Tank Project

14 Truck to Ship Shore to Ship Ship to Ship

15 300 SHIPS GAP 0,1% S SECA Tier III ECA 0,5% S GLOBAL 2012 prediction 57 SHIPS IN OPERATION + 77 CONFIRMED NEWBUILDS = 134 CONFIRMED LNG PROJECTS BY 2018 Updated Source DNVGL

16 LNG LNG LNG IFO MGO IFO IFO MGO LNG LNG LNG BUNKER PRICES DEC FEB 2015 CRUDE OIL BUNKER PRICES 2013 NATURAL GAS Dutch TTF

17 70% AN AVERAGE OF 5000 SHIPS TRADE IN THE EUROPEAN SECA ONLY * ESN survey Plans of shipowners: how to meet SECA requirements? BY THE END OF 2015 GLOBALLY SCRUBBERS INSTALLATIONS: 170 ** LNG FUELLED INSTALLATIONS: 90 ** MASSIVE SHIFT TO LSMGO * Source DMA ** Source DNVGL

18 Viking Grace Project TOT = 11 PARTIES * LNG Bunkering in the Port of Stockholm * Source: LNG in the Port of Stockholm Ola Joslin 2013

19 CONCEPT DESIGN 2014 DIESEL FREE RO-PAX 2015 RISK ANALYSIS RISK ANALYSIS OF AN LNG SHIP BUILDING PROCESS 2012 LNG HYBRID TUG DITEN CONCEPT DESIGN

20 Rosetti Marino C47 Harbour Tug Average Mission Profile 2000 working hours/year SERVICE Power [%] Time [%] STAND-BY 5 % 10 % TRANSIT 15 % 25 % ASSISTANCE NO PULL 15 % 20 % MODERATE PULL 40 % 35 % HIGH PULL 65 % 8 % MAXIMUM PULL 100 % 2 % Pull Time % 45 % Power 15 % - Time % 55 % Average Power 28 %

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23 C 74 - Enotria Sailing since 2002 Strait of Messina Italy

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26 IGF CODE DRAFT The risks shall be analyzed using acceptable and recognized risk analysis techniques DIESEL FREE RO-PAX SYSTEM LOCATION YARD SAN VITALE RAVENNA 1 st BUNKERING COMMISSIONING SEA TRIALS ACTIVITIES

27 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION HAZARDS (TOP EVENTS) CAUSES (BASIC EVENTS) CONSEQUENCES / IMPACTS H A Z I D SAFEGUARDS FAULT TREE ANALYSIS FAULT TREE STRUCTURE BASIC EVENTS PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE TOP EVENT PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE! F T A ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA VERIFICATION SOCIETAL RISKS INDIVIDUAL RISKS CONSEQUENCES QUANTITATIVE APPROACH CRITICAL CHOICES: BASIC EVENTS PROBABILITY DATABASE ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

28 COMMISSIONING 1 st BUNKERING SEA TRIALS

29 1 st BUNKERING COMMISSIONING SEA TRIALS

30 Original Fuel Original Technology ORIGINAL RISKS! EXPLOSIVE HAZARD CRYOGENIC HAZARD LNG IS NOT COLD DIESEL!

31 DESIGN CONSTRUCTION OPERATION NOT NECCESARY!

32 IGF CODE DRAFT The whole operational crew of a cargo- or a passenger ship using fuel addressed by this code shall have necessary training in gas-related safety, operation and maintenance prior to the commencement of work on board The goal of this chapter is to ensure that operational procedures for the loading, storage, [operation], maintenance, and inspection of systems for gas or low flash point fuels minimize the risk to personnel, the ship and the environment and that are consistent with practices for a conventional oil fuelled ship whilst taking into account the nature of the liquid or gaseous fuel. Update on regulations and best practice Andrew Clifton 2013

33 PROCEDURES MAYBE TOO MANY * 25 m SAFETY ZONE Risavika Norway June 2015 First bunkering with passengers on board in Norway (forbidden since 2000) FOR INSTANCE, WHAT ABOUT: Bunkering with passengers on board? * Source: EMSA and the Sustainable Waternborne Transport Toolbox Markku Mylly 2013 Stockholm - Sweden March 2013 First bunkering with passengers on board ever

34 LNG Fuelled Vessel : a Complex Gear Machine Bunker Funds TEAM WORK!

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