Cool spots in hot climates: a means to achieve pedestrian comfort in hot climates

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Cool spots in hot climates: a means to achieve pedestrian comfort in hot climates"

Transcription

1 Cool spots in hot climates: a means to achieve pedestrian comfort in hot climates Priji Balakrishnan, MArch Architectural Association School of Architecture, London prijibalakrishnan@gmail.com ABSTRACT With the advent of automobiles, an increasing number of emerging cities are being planned for motorists. Ironically, motorists are least affected by harsh climate or distance. Planning is essentially required for pedestrians to traverse in the shortest possible routes with a pleasurable thermal comfort experience. Defining pedestrian comfort is complex, as it depends directly on dynamic climatic factors and also on the physiological and psychological factors. The current standards for outdoor comfort are based on static models which do not take into account the variability of climatic factors in the urban scenario and its impact on physiological factors with time. This paper focuses on understanding thermal comfort of pedestrians through literature and fieldwork to draw comfort limits and find the most influential factors that affect pedestrian comfort in hot climates. The research is carried out in the city of Sharjah, in UAE which experiences hot desert climate. The three factors that were identified to be the most influential for pedestrian comfort in Sharjah were providing shade, enhancing wind movement and reducing mean radiant temperature. This paper also explores a design solution cool spots incorporating these factors in a way that best suits the urban context of Sharjah. INTRODUCTION UAE is a country that overturned the sands of the desert to become one of the most booming economies of West Asia. This resulted in rapid urbanization, and despite harsh climate, the urban centers developed without much consideration to these factors. Wide glass-faced urban canyons resulted in an urban fabric hostile to pedestrians. The problem faced by the pedestrians in UAE is that there is too much sun and too little shade. Designing for pedestrian comfort in hot climates like UAE requires one to understand the climate, comfort limits and thermal adaptation of a pedestrian in the specific context. There are a number of thermal comfort assessment methods that have been developed. Some of the commonly used ones for outdoors are steady-state models like Predicted Mean Vote Index (PMV) or Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied Index (PPD) (Fanger,1982), Index of Thermal Stress (ITS) (Givoni, 1976) and Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) (Mayer & Hoppe,1987). The problem with these steady-state models is that they cannot account for the dynamic thermal adaptation of humans (Chen & Ng 2011). Hence, in this paper, comfort limits are identified through literature studies and a series of experimental fieldwork in Sharjah, which helps confirm these limits. The cool spot is designed using these limits. For the purpose of evaluation of the conditions in the cool spot, PET is used, which gives an understanding of the difference in the felt temperature inside and outside the cool spot. Priji Balakrishnan is a PhD student in the Architecture and Sustainable Design pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 1

2 FACTORS AFFECTING PEDESTRIAN COMFORT The three factors that influence pedestrian comfort are environmental, physiological and psychological. The environmental factors depend on parameters of air temperature; air movement; radiation and humidity. Physiological factors depend on heat balance of the body, which is largely influenced by metabolic rates, physical activity and the type of clothing. Psychological factors depend on nature of space and usage, seasonal expectation and cultural and regional expectations. This paper deals with pedestrian comfort in an urban context during hot periods. Hence, it addresses factors and limits in the light of reducing heat gains or enhancing cooling. CLIMATE OF SHARJAH Figure 1 shows a graphical representation of the monthly average temperatures in Sharjah ( N and E). The weather data is obtained from the Meteonorm global meteorological database (version 6.1) which represents a ten year average of the data files. Based on the monthly variations of Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) of Sharjah, the annual cycle can be divided into three distinct periods a four month period of mild weather (December to March inclusive), a warm period (November and April) and a hot period (May to October inclusive ) (Yannas 2008). COMFORT LIMITS Figure 1 Graphical representation of the monthly average temperatures. In outdoor spaces, the aim is to provide tolerable thermal conditions to prolong the exposure time of the pedestrians (Tahbaz, 2010) rather than trying to achieve ideal thermal comfort. Hence it is significant to study the varying comfort limits for pedestrians in a particular climate. Comfort Limits based on Environmental Factors Figure 2 (a) shows the bioclimatic chart plotted for a clo value of 0.4 and 1.3 Met which indicates summer clothing and sedentary activity (like slow walking) respectively. The cluster of dots in the chart represents the DBT and Relative Humidity (RH) (source Meteonorm 6.1) values for all the days throughout the year. The chart is based on the limits described by Arens, Gonzalez and Berglund (1986) and assumes that air temperature is equal to the mean radiant temperature. The measure of comfort used to determine boundaries of the chart is skin wettedness (fraction of skin covered by sweat). Comfort Limits of Air Temperature: Up to DBT 25 0 C in Figure 2(a) the pedestrians are comfortable without an external shade. From DBT 25 0 C to 32 0 C pedestrians are comfortable underneath a shade and still conditions of air. The boundaries of comfort limit can be extended up to 39 0 C DBTunderneath shade and 2m/s wind speed. This limit conforms to the findings of the fieldwork survey conducted by Thappar and Yannas (2008) in Dubai ( N, E) (a neighbor city that shares similar climate with Sharjah) where ambient temperatures close to 40 0 C in shade, with wind velocities of 2m/s were perceived as acceptable conditions. Comfort Limits of Air Velocity: The comfort boundary can be stretched to 42 0 C with an air velocity of 4 m/s and further to 44 0 C up to a mean maximum of 6m/s (Arens et al. 1986), provided the turbulence is low. Above 6m/s, the mechanical effects of wind counterbalance any of its positive effects on comfort. Air velocity at high temperatures has opposite influences on comfort. It increases the 2

3 evaporative capacity of the air, and hence the cooling impact on the skin, but also causes higher convective exchange that warms the body Givoni (1976). Hence, there is an optimum velocity of air movement that produces the highest cooling. This optimum velocity depends on temperature, humidity, metabolic activity and clothing. Based on Givoni s (1976, p 66-67) method, at a temperature of 40 0 C and vapour pressure 30mmHg, for a pedestrian whose metabolic activity is Met (walking at 4km/hr), the optimum velocity averages between 2.9 to 4.0m/s. For metabolic activities at Met under the same conditions, the optimum velocities average between m/s Figure 2 (a) Bioclimatic chart based on environmental factors. (b) Bioclimatic chart based on physiological factors. Comfort Limits of Humidity: Vapour pressure below 5mmHg is likely to cause respiratory discomfort (Erell, Pearlmutter&Williamson, 2011). Vapour pressure of air above 37mmHg corresponds to the vapour pressure of skin and hence indicates the highest level of discomfort. Vapour pressure of 22mmHg corresponds to a wet bulb temperature of 24 0 C (at ambient temperature of 34 0 C), which Givoni (1998) suggests as the upper limit for the application of direct evaporative cooling of DBT. 3

4 Comfort Limits: Bioclimatic Chart based on Physiological Factors Figure 2(b) defines the boundaries of extended comfort achieved by the human body through physiological responses to cooling. Up to about 25 0 C, the heat balance of the body is maintained by the minimum thermoregulatory processes and heat exchanges required. This takes place mainly through convection and radiation. At 28 0 C, the body starts perspiring and above 28 0 C, true sweating occurs wherein water is exuded to the skin (Oke 1987). At about 32 0 C 34 0 C, convective losses turn into convective gains as the gradient between skin and ambient temperature becomes nil. At an ambient temperature of 35 0 C and above, only evaporative losses from skin help in heat dissipation. The chart clearly indicates that during a large span of the hot period, evaporative loss is the only means of heat regulation for the body. The rate of evaporative losses depends on body to air, vapour pressure gradient and air velocity (Givoni 1976), hence making both these limits influential for pedestrian comfort. FIELDWORK The fieldwork was carried out to validate the theoretical understanding of the comfort limits described above and to identify the most influential factors of comfort in this context. Outdoor comfort studies are usually conducted by questionnaire surveys, where subjects are interviewed. The limitation of this method as described by Ng E et al (2012) is that the thermal sensation of the subject is captured under relatively static climatic conditions. This fieldwork study introduces an experimental methodology - measuring the skin temperature of a pedestrian in a series of three experiments while in motion, hence giving an understanding of thermal stress experienced over time. The fieldwork was conducted in Sharjah during the two hottest months August to September, during the day to measure thermal stress in the worst case scenario. The thermal stress was weighed based on skin temperature relative to air temperature, as it is determined by the local equilibrium conditions of heat flow from the body core to the skin and the heat loss from the skin to the environment (Givoni 1976). Observation of skin wettedness and sweating were also noted at regular intervals. Instruments used for fieldwork were an anemometer for measuring wind speed, two hand held data loggers one for measuring globe temperature and one for logging DBT and RH, and a temperature logger with a thermistor surface temperature probe to measure skin temperature. Skin temperature measurements are usually taken at 16 points and their mean weighted average is the resultant, but in cases where the DBT is at 32 0 C and above, the variation of temperature over the whole skin is less than 2 0 C (Givoni 1976). For this reason, the skin temperature was approximated using temperature measurements on just one point on the body, that is, on the wrist of the subject. Measurements of skin temperature, ambient air temperature and relative humidity were recorded simultaneously and spot measurements of wind speeds were taken. Notes based on observation and questioning were recorded to mark levels of discomfort through sweating. The recorded skin temperature corresponds to conditions stated by Givoni (1976) skin temperature in comfortable conditions is 33 0 C; at moderate heat conditions, 35 0 C and during severe heat, it reaches 37 0 C. The test subject was a male, 58 years old with dark complexion and is a representative sample of the labour workforce in UAE, who are most likely to use outdoor spaces during the hottest periods of day. Experiment 01 Alternate walks in sun and shade The walk was conducted during day time and the average temperatures recorded were 42 0 C. Given the temperature and clear skies, the walk is not a leisure walk, rather a deterministic walk i.e. a walk for a necessary activity. In case of leisure walk, the discomfort expressed could be higher and at more frequent intervals than for a deterministic walk. The walk spanned about an hour with a routine - 10 minutes walk in the sun (without any overhead gear) and 5 minutes rest in an air-conditioned/shaded zone. The candidate was given the choice of reducing or increasing either the exposure or the rest time based on the comfort levels. Figure 3 shows the graph with the plotted skin temperature, ambient air temperature and RH measured during the walk. The shaded regions in the graph indicate the time span resting in shaded/air 4

5 conditioned zone and the lighter regions indicate the time span walking while exposed to direct sunlight. The circled numbers mark the descriptive note of the conditions and the observations made. Few of the significant ones are shown in Table 5. Table 5. Descriptive Note of Conditions and Observations Made During Experiment 01 Description The walk started from an air-conditioned indoors maintained at comfortable 1 temperatures between 26 0 C 27 0 C. The skin temperature measured was C which is consistent with Givoni s (1976) conditions of skin temperature Walking at medium pace (4km/hr) in the sun, air temperature recorded was 40 0 C C. The skin temperature increased from 35 0 C to C in 9 minutes. Within 5 minutes, the skin was clammy and at the end of 9 minutes, the forehead was observed to be wet and the candidate expressed the need to be in a shaded/airconditioned zone. Stepping into an air-conditioned mall with an indoor temperature between 25 0 C C, the skin temperature dropped to C in 5 minutes. The forehead and body were dry within this time. Resuming the experiment of walking in the sun, recorded air temperature is at C. The skin temperature increased to 38 0 C in 4 minutes. The rate of sweating increased and the candidate expressed his forehead and back to be wet. Walking in an enclosed, non air-conditioned market with ceiling fans (at 4m high); the air temperature and wind speed recorded was 35 0 C, and m/s respectively. Though the skin temperature dropped to 36 0 C in 3 minutes, the candidate expressed discomfort and the need to be outside the market at the end of 3 minutes. The ambient wind speed before walking into the market was measured at m/s which dropped inside the market. This could be the possible explanation for the candidate s discomfort. Continuing the walk in the sun, at an air temperature of C., the skin temperature increased from 36 0 C to 39 0 C in 2 minutes and to C in the next 2 minutes. The candidate expressed high level of discomfort and it was observed that the clothing was completely wet with sweat. Resuming a slow walk in the air-conditioned mall, air temperature was recorded to be C and the skin temperature dropped to 34 0 C in 3 minutes. 9 Walking with the back facing the sun was claimed to be more comfortable than the other way round; recorded air temperature was C. The skin temperature reached 39 0 C in 4 minutes with profuse sweating. 10 While seated and taking rest in the air-conditioned mall, recorded temperature was 25 0 C.The skin temperature reached 33 0 C in 9mins. Observations and Conclusions: Starting from comfortable indoor conditions and walking at a pace of 4km/hr, a 10 minute exposure to direct sunlight can be considered the maximum acceptable before an air-conditioned resting zone is required to bring down the skin temperature to comfortable conditions. This distance, when calculated based on the above study is 667m. If these resting zones were to be replaced by shaded zones (or cool spots), the minimum distance of exposure to avoid thermal stress can be reduced to half, at approximately 300m for urban design considerations. The time taken for the rise in the candidate s skin temperature is inversely co-related to his exposure in the sun. Hence, if a particular path has to designed with air-conditioned nodes, the distance between the nodes have to decrease incrementally to ensure that the skin temperature remains in the comfortable range. This experiment also shows that in hot climates like Sharjah, skin wettedness influences thermal 5

6 comfort in a shaded zone more than a decrease in 5 0 C-6 0 C in DBT. Hence, an increase in wind speed would be more beneficial in design application rather than a decrease in a few degrees of temperature. The rise in skin temperature reduces considerably after it reaches 39 0 C. Figure 3 Graph showing measured skin temperature, ambient DBT and RH during Experiment 01. Experiment 02 Walk in Shade In experiment 02, the candidate was asked to walk for 10 minutes in a shaded zone without any exposure to the sun. Figure 4 shows the graph plotted with the measured skin temperature, ambient air temperature and relative humidity. The shaded region in the graph indicates the measurements taken when the candidate walked under the building shade for 10 minutes. The lighter region shows the measurements taken indoors. Figure 4 Graph showing measured skin temperature, ambient DBT and RH during Experiment 02. Observations and Conclusions: As seen from the graph, though the ambient temperature increased from indoors to outdoors from 26 0 C to about C, the skin temperature increased only slightly, from C to C. The measured wind speed was m/s and hence, the skin remained relatively dry. Experiment 03 Standing in sun In continuation with experiment 01, the candidate was asked to stand in the sun for 10 minutes without any head gear. The wind speed was measured to be m/s. This experiment was conducted 6

7 to understand the effect of wind as a standalone factor to thermal stress. Figure 5 shows the graph with measurements plotted during the experiment. Observations and Conclusions: At ambient temperature of 40 0 C C, the skin temperature remained at an average C and reached a maximum of C unlike in experiment 01, where it rose to 39 0 C. This could be due the effect of wind speed at m/s that continuously enhanced the evaporation of the sweat, hence cooling the skin. Figure 5 Graph showing measured skin temperature, ambient DBT and RH during Experiment 03. DESIGN OF COOL SPOTS The three factors that were identified through research and fieldwork to be the most influential in Sharjah for improving pedestrian comfort were providing shade cut off all the solar radiation, enhancing wind movement providing a minimum air movement of 2m/s and a maximum of 4m/s at pedestrian level and reducing mean radiant temperatures maintaining immediate surrounding surfaces of a pedestrian close to air temperature. The design and concept of the cool spot is a direct synthesis of the three factors mentioned. Among the five categories of fieldwork (1.Measuring surface temperature of common surfaces in the urban fabric, 2.Measuring conditions underneath different kind of shades, 3.Datalogging conditions underneath the Masdar cooling tower in Masdar city, Abu Dhabi, 4.Measuring thermal stress of a pedestrian and 5.Observing pedestrian activity in Sharjah) that contributed to the design of the cool spot, only one category measuring thermal stress of a pedestrian has been explained in this paper. The geometry of the cool spot is designed to allow for the wind to pass through it from any direction. Fans are integrated in the centre in case of no wind condition. The cool spot is designed so as to ensure the central space of diameter 3.2m remains shaded throughout. Materials used for cool spot do not heat up above the air temperature as shown in Figure 6(a). Figure 6 (a) Elevation of Cool Spot showing surface temperature of the various materials at 40 0 C ambient DBT. (b) Map showing placement of cool spots. (c) Graph showing PET values. 7

8 The Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) was calculated using RayMan version 1.2 inside and outside the cool spot for a typical day in August, shown in Figure 6(c). The results show that during the hottest time of the day, the felt temperature (PET) in the cool spot is 10 0 C lesser than the outside temperature. Figure 6(b) shows a map of a pedestrian route in Sharjah connecting a residential/commercial area to an intercity bus stand. This stretch of 1.6 km, with the introduction of cool spots at a minimum distance of 60m (to prevent the interference of the wind flow pattern between two cool spots) and maximum distance of 300m ensures a pedestrian experience with reduced thermal stress. CONCLUSION Designing for pedestrian comfort requires understanding the climate and the comfort limits. Initial stages of this research (not mentioned in this paper) looked at design strategies to reduce air temperature. This was overruled as fieldwork in Sharjah revealed that air movement had more influence on comfort than a few degrees decrease in temperature. Through literature review and fieldwork it was understood that, during the hot period in Sharjah temperatures of 40 0 C 42 0 C were considered acceptable, provided the pedestrian is in complete shade and there is a minimum wind speed of 2m/s and maximum 4m/s. Although the fieldwork conducted in this study used only one subject, it can be extended to larger group to arrive at a more comprehensive results. Such a study could be conducted using a similar methodology as outlined in this work. This paper also proposes a design solution - Cool Spots - to achieve pedestrian comfort in Sharjah. The design of the cool spots is based on the three factors provide shade, enhance wind movement and reduce mean radiant temperatures close to air temperature. The concept of a cool spot as an urban furniture is specific to Sharjah/UAE as it is a response to both the cultural as well as the climatic expectations of the pedestrians there. It was observed that people felt comfortable underneath a tree canopy, especially under the dense and wide one of a banyan tree. Given the desert climate in Sharjah, trees like the banyan are not a common sight. Cool spots are intended to serve the function of such a canopy, but unlike trees that reduce the wind speed underneath them, cool spots enhance it. The felt temperature (PET) within the cool spot was analysed (using RayMan 1.2) to be 10 0 C lesser than the outside temperature at peak conditions (noon) during one of the hottest month (August) in Sharjah. REFERENCES Arens, E,R. Gonzalez, & L. Berglund. (1986). Thermal comfort under an extended range of environmental comfort. ASHRAE Transactions. Vol 92. Part 1B. Chen, L & Ng, E. (2011). Outdoor thermal comfort and outdoor activities: A review of research in the past decade. DOI: /j.cities Erell,E., D. Pearlmutter, & T. Williamson. (2011). Urban Microclimate: Designing Spaces Between Buildings. Earthscan. Fanger, P.O (1982). Thermal comfort. Analysis and application in environment engineering. McGraw Hill Book Company. New York. Givoni, B. (1998). Climate Considerations in Building and Urban Design. Van Nostrand Reinhold. Givoni, B. (1976). Man, climate and architecture. Applied Science Publishers. London. Mayer, H., & Höppe, P. (1987). Thermal comfort of man in different urban environments. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. Oke, T.R. (1987). Boundary Layer Climates. Meuthen & Co.London Penwarden, AD & AFE Wise. (1975). Wind Environment Around Buildings. BRE, Building Research Establishment. Tahbaz, M. (2010). Toward a New Chart for Outdoor Thermal Analysis. Network for Comfort and Energy Use in Buildings (nceub). Proceedings of Conference: Adapting to Change: New Thinking on Comfort. London. Thapar,H & S.Yannas. (2008). Microclimate and Urban Form in Dubai.Proc PLEA. Dublin Yannas,S. (2008). Challenging the Supremacy of Airconditioning. 2A Architecture & Art, Issue 7, pp Ng, E. & Cheng,V. (2012). Urban human thermal comfort in hot and humid Hong Kong. DOI: /j.enbuild

Watts in a comfort index:

Watts in a comfort index: Watts in a comfort index: Evaluating pedestrian energy exchange and thermal stress in urban environments David Pearlmutter Desert Architecture & Urban Planning Bona Terra Department of Man in the Desert

More information

Assessment possibilities of thermal comfort by micro scale models

Assessment possibilities of thermal comfort by micro scale models COMECAP 2014 e-book of proceedings vol. 2 Page 203 Assessment possibilities of thermal comfort by micro scale models Matzarakis A. The quantification of thermal bioclimate assessment is based on the human

More information

Green Space Influence on Thermal Comfort Contrasting approaches in the assessment of conditions in Bragança (Portugal)

Green Space Influence on Thermal Comfort Contrasting approaches in the assessment of conditions in Bragança (Portugal) Green Space Influence on Thermal Comfort Contrasting approaches in the assessment of conditions in Bragança (Portugal) ARTUR GONÇALVES 1, ANTÓNIO RIBEIRO 1, LUIS NUNES 1, FILIPE MAIA 1 E MANUEL FELICIANO

More information

THERMAL COMFORT OF A COURTYARD IN GUANGZHOU IN SUMMER

THERMAL COMFORT OF A COURTYARD IN GUANGZHOU IN SUMMER THERMAL COMFORT OF A COURTYARD IN GUANGZHOU IN SUMMER L Jin 1,*, QL Meng 1 and LH Zhao 1 1 Building Environment Energy Laboratory, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China Engineering

More information

Prediction of Thermal Comfort. mech14.weebly.com

Prediction of Thermal Comfort. mech14.weebly.com Prediction of Thermal Comfort Thermal Sensation Scale (Rohles & Nevins, 1974) Fanger s Thermal Comfort Model (1982) Steady state model, applicable for M 3 met and a large group of people Fanger s Thermal

More information

Thermal Comfort in Architecture

Thermal Comfort in Architecture Thermal Comfort in Architecture Ommid Saberi [1], Parisa Saneei [2] Amir Javanbakht [3] 1. Ph.D. Student (Architecture & Energy) in Shahid Beheshti Uni. Tehran Iran e: omid_saberi@yahoo.com 2. Architect

More information

Perception of Thermal Comfort for Naturally Ventilated High School Classrooms in San Rafael, CA

Perception of Thermal Comfort for Naturally Ventilated High School Classrooms in San Rafael, CA Perception of Thermal Comfort for Naturally Ventilated High School Classrooms in San Rafael, CA GWENEDD MURRAY 1 1 Architectural Association, Inc., London, United Kingdom ABSTRACT: The primary intention

More information

Microclimatic effects of trees and vegetative ground cover in a hot-arid urban environment David Pearlmutter

Microclimatic effects of trees and vegetative ground cover in a hot-arid urban environment David Pearlmutter Microclimatic effects of trees and vegetative ground cover in a hot-arid urban environment David Pearlmutter Desert Architecture and Urban Planning ~ Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben-Gurion

More information

Information paper 17. Prepared by: David Clark. book:

Information paper 17. Prepared by: David Clark. book: Information paper 17 Thermal comfort standards Prepared by: David Clark A paper referenced in the book: Cundall Johnston & Partners LLP. 2013 Issue 1.0: 29 July 2013 This information paper is one of a

More information

Designing Air-Distribution Systems To Maximize Comfort

Designing Air-Distribution Systems To Maximize Comfort Designing Air-Distribution Systems To Maximize Comfort By David A. John, P.E., Member ASHRAE An air-distribution system that provides occupant thermal comfort can be a complicated system to predict and

More information

Analysis of Night Ventilation Potential for Residential Buildings in Hot-Humid Climate of Malaysia

Analysis of Night Ventilation Potential for Residential Buildings in Hot-Humid Climate of Malaysia PLEA2009 - th Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, Quebec City, Canada, 22- June 2009 Analysis of Ventilation Potential for Residential Buildings in Hot-Humid Climate of Malaysia DORIS TOE

More information

Thermal comfort evaluation of natural ventilation mode: case study of a high-rise residential building

Thermal comfort evaluation of natural ventilation mode: case study of a high-rise residential building J. Zuo, L. Daniel, V. Soebarto (eds.), Fifty years later: Revisiting the role of architectural science in design and practice: 50 th International Conference of the Architectural Science Association 2016,

More information

Energy and indoor temperature consequences of adaptive thermal comfort standards

Energy and indoor temperature consequences of adaptive thermal comfort standards Energy and indoor temperature consequences of adaptive thermal comfort standards L. Centnerova and J.L.M. Hensen Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic (lada@tzb.fsv.cvut.cz) Technische Universiteit

More information

Thermal comfort conditions in outdoor spaces

Thermal comfort conditions in outdoor spaces International Conference Passive and Low Energy Cooling 761 Thermal comfort conditions in outdoor spaces N. Gaitani and M. Santamouris University of Athens, Department of Physics, Division of Applied Physics,

More information

Neutral humidity in low cost dwellings in arid climate

Neutral humidity in low cost dwellings in arid climate PLEA0-8th Conference, Opportunities, Limits & Needs Towards an environmentally responsible architecture Lima, Perú -9 November 0 Neutral humidity in low cost dwellings in arid climate LUIS CARLOS HERRERA,

More information

Available online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 169 (2016 )

Available online at   ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 169 (2016 ) Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 169 (2016 ) 158 165 4th International Conference on Countermeasures to Urban Heat Island (UHI) 2016 Indoor Thermal Comfort Assessment

More information

Assessment of outdoor thermal comfort and its relation to urban geometry

Assessment of outdoor thermal comfort and its relation to urban geometry Sustainable Development and Planning VI 3 Assessment of outdoor thermal comfort and its relation to urban geometry R. Cocci Grifoni 1, G. Passerini 2 & M. Pierantozzi 2 1 School of Architecture and Design,

More information

Adaptive Thermal Comfort in Warm Dry Climate: Economical dwellings in Mexico

Adaptive Thermal Comfort in Warm Dry Climate: Economical dwellings in Mexico Adaptive Thermal Comfort in Warm Dry Climate: Economical dwellings in Mexico MARINCIC, I. 1 ; OCHOA, J. M. 1 ; ALPUCHE, M.G. 1 AND GÓMEZ-AZPEITIA, G. 2 1 Dpt. Architecture, University of Sonora, Hermosillo,

More information

Optimizing Indoor Environments for Occupant Satisfaction. Presented by: Kelli Goldstone April 2016

Optimizing Indoor Environments for Occupant Satisfaction. Presented by: Kelli Goldstone April 2016 Optimizing Indoor Environments for Occupant Satisfaction Presented by: Kelli Goldstone April 2016 Outline Function of HVAC Thermal Comfort Air Distribution Radiant Heating / Cooling Case Study Function

More information

Air Movement Preference and Thermal Comfort A survey in classrooms during summer season in Brazil

Air Movement Preference and Thermal Comfort A survey in classrooms during summer season in Brazil Air Movement Preference and Thermal Comfort A survey in classrooms during summer season in Brazil CHRISTHINA CÂNDIDO 1,4, RICHARD DE DEAR, ROBERTO LAMBERTS 1, LEONARDO BITTENCOURT 3 1 Federal University

More information

Thermal comfort assessment of Danish occupants exposed to warm environments and preferred local air movement

Thermal comfort assessment of Danish occupants exposed to warm environments and preferred local air movement Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Mar 08, 2019 Thermal comfort assessment of Danish occupants exposed to warm environments and preferred local air movement Simone, Angela; Yu, Juan ; Levorato, Gabriele

More information

THE USE OF THE CORRECTED EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE INDEX

THE USE OF THE CORRECTED EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE INDEX AN ASSIGNMENT ON THE USE OF THE CORRECTED EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE INDEX BY OMOBUDE IGHODALO FELIX. ARC/05/5640. COURSE CODE: ARC. 810. COURSE TITLE: BUILDING CLIMATOLOGY. COURSE LECTURER: PROF. O. OGUNSOTE.

More information

REAL-TIME CONTROL OF OCCUPANTS THERMAL COMFORT IN BUILDINGS. Galway, Ireland

REAL-TIME CONTROL OF OCCUPANTS THERMAL COMFORT IN BUILDINGS. Galway, Ireland REAL-TIME CONTROL OF OCCUPANTS THERMAL COMFORT IN BUILDINGS Magdalena Hajdukiewicz 1,2,3, Padraig O Connor 1, Colin O Neill 1, Daniel Coakley 1,2,3, Marcus M. Keane 1,2,3, Eoghan Clifford 1,2,3 1 Department

More information

Assessing The Microclimate of Green and Less-Green Tropical Landscape Environment

Assessing The Microclimate of Green and Less-Green Tropical Landscape Environment Assessing The Microclimate of Green and Less-Green Tropical Landscape Environment Aniza Abu Bakar and Nurhayati Abdul Malek Department of Landscape Architecture, KAED International Islamic University Malaysia

More information

Assessment of thermal comfort near a glazed exterior wall

Assessment of thermal comfort near a glazed exterior wall Assessment of thermal comfort near a glazed exterior wall Timothy Anderson 1, Mark Luther 2 and Tim Brain 3 1 School of Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand 2 School

More information

Inadvertent climate changes encouraged by urbanization, are characterized by the concept of"urban heat island" (UHI).

Inadvertent climate changes encouraged by urbanization, are characterized by the concept ofurban heat island (UHI). Conclusion With the globalization, Architects lost their relationship with the environment, and the resulting built environment which was non responsive to the environment needed. This was resulting High

More information

Effect of High-albedo Materials on Pedestrian Thermal Sensation in Urban Street Canyons in Hot Climates

Effect of High-albedo Materials on Pedestrian Thermal Sensation in Urban Street Canyons in Hot Climates Effect of High-albedo Materials on Pedestrian Thermal Sensation in Urban Street Canyons in Hot Climates EVYATAR ERELL, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boqer Campus, Israel, erell@bgu.ac.il DANIEL

More information

URBAN HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION: LOOKING BEYOND POLICIES TO LOWER AIR TEMPERATURE

URBAN HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION: LOOKING BEYOND POLICIES TO LOWER AIR TEMPERATURE Cities and Climate Change Conference March 5 7, 2018 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada URBAN HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION: LOOKING BEYOND POLICIES TO LOWER AIR TEMPERATURE Evyatar Erell Ben Gurion University of the

More information

OUTDOOR DESIGN CRITERIA: For the Central Phoenix/East Valley Light Rail Transit System

OUTDOOR DESIGN CRITERIA: For the Central Phoenix/East Valley Light Rail Transit System OUTDOOR DESIGN CRITERIA: For the Central Phoenix/East Valley Light Rail Transit System Harvey Bryan, Ph.D. School of Architecture Arizona State University P.O. Box 871605 Tempe, AZ. 85287-1605 harvey.bryan@asu.edu

More information

REDEFINING APPROPRIATE THERMAL COMFORT STANDARD FOR NATURALLY VENTILATED BUILDINGS IN TROPICS (SINGAPORE AND INDONESIA PERSPECTIVE)

REDEFINING APPROPRIATE THERMAL COMFORT STANDARD FOR NATURALLY VENTILATED BUILDINGS IN TROPICS (SINGAPORE AND INDONESIA PERSPECTIVE) REDEFINING APPROPRIATE THERMAL COMFORT STANDARD FOR NATURALLY VENTILATED BUILDINGS IN TROPICS (SINGAPORE AND INDONESIA PERSPECTIVE) H Feriadi, NH Wong *, S Chandra, KW Cheong, KW Tham Department of Building,

More information

THERMAL COMFORT IN LECTURE HALLS IN THE TROPICS

THERMAL COMFORT IN LECTURE HALLS IN THE TROPICS Topic 2. Indoor environment THERMAL COMFORT IN LECTURE HALLS IN THE TROPICS Yat Huang Yau *, Bee Teng Chew, Aza Saifullah Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,

More information

An Employee Thermal Comfort Model for Semiconductor Manufacturing

An Employee Thermal Comfort Model for Semiconductor Manufacturing An Employee Thermal Comfort Model for Semiconductor Manufacturing Author Information Robbie Walls Corporate Ergonomist Intel Corporation MS CH10-22 5000 W. Chandler Blvd. Chandler, AZ 85226 Phone: (480)

More information

Behaviour of People in Open Spaces in Dependence of Thermal Comfort Conditions

Behaviour of People in Open Spaces in Dependence of Thermal Comfort Conditions Behaviour of People in Open Spaces in Dependence of Thermal Comfort Conditions Lutz Katzschner University Kassel, Environmental Meteorological Institute, Planning Department, Kassel, Germany ABSTRACT:

More information

Thermal Environment evaluation in Commercial kitchens: Procedure of data collection

Thermal Environment evaluation in Commercial kitchens: Procedure of data collection Thermal Environment evaluation in Commercial kitchens: Procedure of data collection Angela Simone *, Bjarne W. Olesen ICIEE-BYG, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark * email: asi@byg.dtu.dk

More information

AN ASSESSMENT OF THERMAL COMFORT IN NATURALLY VENTILATED ARCHITECTURAL STUDIO IN ABIA STATE UNIVERSITY, UTURU

AN ASSESSMENT OF THERMAL COMFORT IN NATURALLY VENTILATED ARCHITECTURAL STUDIO IN ABIA STATE UNIVERSITY, UTURU International Journal of Advance Studies in Engineering and Scientific Inventions Volume 3 Number 1, JULY 2015. ISSN (Print): 1741-8763 ISSN (Online):1741-8771 AN ASSESSMENT OF THERMAL COMFORT IN NATURALLY

More information

CLIMATE CONTROL: INTENT/CRITERIA

CLIMATE CONTROL: INTENT/CRITERIA CLIMATE CONTROL: INTENT/CRITERIA This lecture is a review/restatement of information from ARCH 273. Thermal comfort and indoor air quality (coming up) are critical foundations for HVAC system design. Ball

More information

PREDICTION OF THERMAL SENSATION IN NON-AIR- CONDITIONED BUILDINGS IN WARM CLIMATES

PREDICTION OF THERMAL SENSATION IN NON-AIR- CONDITIONED BUILDINGS IN WARM CLIMATES PREDICTION OF THERMAL SENSATION IN NON-AIR- CONDITIONED BUILDINGS IN WARM CLIMATES PO Fanger and J Toftum * International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark ABSTRACT

More information

Assessment of thermal comfort in shopping centre transitional spaces

Assessment of thermal comfort in shopping centre transitional spaces Assessment of thermal comfort in shopping centre transitional spaces Marta Avantaggiato 1,2 *, Annamaria Belleri 1, Spencer M. Dutton 3, Wilmer Pasut 1 and Roberto Lollini 1 1 EURAC Research, Institute

More information

Bio-climatic Chart for Different Climatic Zones of Northeast India

Bio-climatic Chart for Different Climatic Zones of Northeast India Proceedings of 3 rd International Conference on Solar Radiation and Day Lighting (SOLARIS 27) February 7-9, 27, New Delhi, India Copyright 27, Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi, India Bio-climatic Chart for

More information

Influence of Urban Morphology on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Summer: A Study in Tunis, Tunisia

Influence of Urban Morphology on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Summer: A Study in Tunis, Tunisia Modern Environmental Science and Engineering (ISSN 2333-2581) April 2016, Volume 2, No. 4, pp. 251-256 Doi: 10.15341/mese(2333-2581)/04.02.2016/007 Academic Star Publishing Company, 2016 www.academicstar.us

More information

A deep courtyard as the best building form for desert climate, an introduction to effects of air movement (Case study: Yazd)

A deep courtyard as the best building form for desert climate, an introduction to effects of air movement (Case study: Yazd) DESERT DESERT Online at http://jdesert.ut.ac.ir DESERT 15 (2010) 19-26 A deep courtyard as the best building form for desert climate, an introduction to effects of air movement (Case study: Yazd) Sh. Heidari

More information

Thermal Environment evaluation in commercial kitchens

Thermal Environment evaluation in commercial kitchens Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Nov 11, 2018 Thermal Environment evaluation in commercial kitchens Simone, Angela; Olesen, Bjarne W. Publication date: 2013 Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Simone,

More information

An Assessment of Thermal Comfort in Hot and Dry Season (A Case Study of 4 Theaters at Bayero University Kano)

An Assessment of Thermal Comfort in Hot and Dry Season (A Case Study of 4 Theaters at Bayero University Kano) International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research Research Article ISSN: - Available at: http://ijmcr.com An Assessment of Thermal Comfort in Hot and Dry Season (A Case Study of Theaters

More information

Statistical Model Evaluation and Calibrations for Outdoor Comfort Assessment in South Florida.

Statistical Model Evaluation and Calibrations for Outdoor Comfort Assessment in South Florida. Statistical Model Evaluation and Calibrations for Outdoor Comfort Assessment in South Florida. Jean-Martin CALDIERON, Mate THITISAWAT, Kasama POLAKIT, Giancarlo MANGONE College for Design and Social Inquiry,

More information

Assessment of thermal comfort inside primary governmental classrooms in hot-dry climates Part II a case study from Egypt

Assessment of thermal comfort inside primary governmental classrooms in hot-dry climates Part II a case study from Egypt Assessment of thermal comfort inside primary governmental classrooms in hot-dry climates Part II a case study from Egypt Tamer Gado 1, Mady Mohamed 2 1 University of Dundee, UK 2 Zagazig University, Egypt

More information

Findings of Field Survey for Thermal Comfort and Ventilation in US Office Buildings

Findings of Field Survey for Thermal Comfort and Ventilation in US Office Buildings Findings of Field Survey for Thermal Comfort and Ventilation in US Office Buildings Liangcai Tan 1, Samir Moujaes, HDR Inc. University of Nevada Las Vegas SUMMARY This paper presents the measured data

More information

Bio Climatic Analysis of Bhubaneswar-An Investigation to Arrive Human Comfort through Natural Ventilation

Bio Climatic Analysis of Bhubaneswar-An Investigation to Arrive Human Comfort through Natural Ventilation International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2016 557 Bio Climatic Analysis of Bhubaneswar-An Investigation to Arrive Human Comfort through Natural Ventilation

More information

CLIMATE CONTROL: OPR

CLIMATE CONTROL: OPR CLIMATE CONTROL: OPR A review/restatement of information from ARCH 273. Thermal comfort and indoor air quality (coming up) are critical foundations for active climate control (HVAC system) design. OPR

More information

Lesson 29 Inside And Outside Design Conditions. Version 1 ME, IIT Kharagpur 1

Lesson 29 Inside And Outside Design Conditions. Version 1 ME, IIT Kharagpur 1 Lesson 29 Inside And Outside Design Conditions Version 1 ME, IIT Kharagpur 1 The specific objectives of this lecture are to: 1. Describe a typical air conditioning system and discuss the need for fixing

More information

POTENTIAL DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR ENHANCING THERMAL COMFORT IN TROPICAL TERRACE HOUSE: A CASE STUDY IN KUALA LUMPUR

POTENTIAL DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR ENHANCING THERMAL COMFORT IN TROPICAL TERRACE HOUSE: A CASE STUDY IN KUALA LUMPUR POTENTIAL DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR ENHANCING THERMAL COMFORT IN TROPICAL TERRACE HOUSE: A CASE STUDY IN KUALA LUMPUR Nasibeh Sadafi, Elias Salleh, Lim Chin Haw and Mohd. Fakri Zaky Jaafar Department of Architecture,

More information

Adaptive Outdoor Thermal Comfort at an Urban Park in Malaysia

Adaptive Outdoor Thermal Comfort at an Urban Park in Malaysia Adaptive Outdoor Thermal Comfort at an Urban Park in Malaysia Rabiatul Adawiyah Nasir a, Sabarinah Sh Ahmad a* and Azni Zain-Ahmed b a Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying, b Faculty of Applied

More information

Energy simulation of traditional vs. adaptive thermal comfort for two

Energy simulation of traditional vs. adaptive thermal comfort for two Hensen, J.L.M. & Centnerova, L. (2001). Energy simulation of traditional vs. adaptive thermal comfort for two moderate climate regions. Proceedings of the International conference "Moving Thermal Comfort

More information

Designing outdoor spaces with COMFORT-EX

Designing outdoor spaces with COMFORT-EX International Workshop on Energy Performance and Environmental 1 Designing outdoor spaces with COMFORT-EX J. Ochoa and I. Marincic Department of Architecture, University of Sonora, Mexico H. Villa Department

More information

SUBJECTIVE AND MEASURED THERMAL COMFORT IN ITALIAN UNIVERSITY CLASSROOMS IN HEATED AND FREE RUNNING CONDITIONS

SUBJECTIVE AND MEASURED THERMAL COMFORT IN ITALIAN UNIVERSITY CLASSROOMS IN HEATED AND FREE RUNNING CONDITIONS SUBJECTIVE AND MEASURED THERMAL COMFORT IN ITALIAN UNIVERSITY CLASSROOMS IN HEATED AND FREE RUNNING CONDITIONS Stefano Corgnati, Roberta Ansaldi, and Marco Filippi Department of Energy (DENER), Politecnico

More information

Thermal Comfort Zone for Thai People

Thermal Comfort Zone for Thai People Engineering, 013, 5, 55-59 http://dx.doi.org/10.436/eng.013.5506 Published Online May 013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/eng) Thermal Comfort Zone for Thai People Juntakan Taweekun *, Ar-U-Wat Tantiwichien

More information

Attaining Thermal Comfort in. Buildings with Predominantly. Glazed Facades. presented to: ANSYS Boston Regional Conference

Attaining Thermal Comfort in. Buildings with Predominantly. Glazed Facades. presented to: ANSYS Boston Regional Conference Attaining Thermal Comfort in Buildings with Predominantly Glazed Facades presented to: ANSYS Boston Regional Conference September 14, 2011 Case Study Background High floor to ceiling windows Large skylight

More information

Shifting Comfort Zone for Hot-Humid Environments

Shifting Comfort Zone for Hot-Humid Environments PLEA6 - The rd Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, Geneva, Switzerland, 6-8 September 6 Shifting Comfort Zone for Hot-Humid Environments Kitchai Jitkhajornwanich Faculty of Architecture,

More information

Comfort models as applied to buildings

Comfort models as applied to buildings R.H. Crawford and A. Stephan (eds.), Living and Learning: Research for a Better Built Environment: 49 th International Conference of the Architectural Science Association 2015, pp.1087 1096. 2015, The

More information

Designing for thermal comfort near a glazed exterior wall. * School of Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand

Designing for thermal comfort near a glazed exterior wall. * School of Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand Designing for thermal comfort near a glazed exterior wall T.N. Anderson ǂ *, M.B. Luther ** * School of Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand ** School of Architecture and

More information

Greener & Cooler. Thermal comfort as ecosystem service in the urban forest of Florence, Italy

Greener & Cooler. Thermal comfort as ecosystem service in the urban forest of Florence, Italy . Thermal comfort as ecosystem service in the urban forest of Florence, Italy Fabio Salbitano, Andrea Bettarini, Francesca Bottalico, Cristiano Foderi, Alessio Pratesi, Davide Travaglini Introduction 1

More information

SENSITIVITY OF THERMAL CONDITIONS FOR TOURISM TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY: A COMPARISON OF REGIONAL SCALE CASE STUDIES

SENSITIVITY OF THERMAL CONDITIONS FOR TOURISM TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY: A COMPARISON OF REGIONAL SCALE CASE STUDIES SENSITIVITY OF THERMAL CONDITIONS FOR TOURISM TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY: A COMPARISON OF REGIONAL SCALE CASE STUDIES C R de Freitas 1 and A. Matzarakis 2 1 School of Geography, Geology & Environmental

More information

POST OCCUPANCY DESIGN INERVENTION TO IMPROVE COMFORT AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE IN A DESERT HOUSE

POST OCCUPANCY DESIGN INERVENTION TO IMPROVE COMFORT AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE IN A DESERT HOUSE POST OCCUPANCY DESIGN INERVENTION TO IMPROVE COMFORT AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE IN A DESERT HOUSE Vidar Lerum Arizona State University P O Box 871605, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1605, USA vidar.lerum@asu.edu Venkata

More information

SOLAR PASSIVE DESIGN: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE

SOLAR PASSIVE DESIGN: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE SOLAR PASSIVE DESIGN: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Understanding Climate and Atmosphere Human impact on global weather Energy outlook in India Energy needs in buildings Comfort zone Solar passive design- Case

More information

Visitors subjective estimations on thermal environment in public urban spaces

Visitors subjective estimations on thermal environment in public urban spaces Visitors subjective estimations on thermal environment in public urban spaces J Unger, N Kántor, L Égerházi Department of Climatology and Landscape Ecology, University of Szeged, Hungary unger@geo.u-szeged.hu

More information

UHI and Thermal Performance of Office Buildings in Bangkok

UHI and Thermal Performance of Office Buildings in Bangkok Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 00 (2017) 000 000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia International High- Performance Built Environment Conference A Sustainable

More information

Validation of ENVI-met PMV values by in-situ measurements

Validation of ENVI-met PMV values by in-situ measurements Validation of ENVI-met values by in-situ measurements Dain Jeong 1, Kyunghun Park 2*, Bonggeun Song 3, Gyeongah Kim 4, Chulhyun Choi 5, Byunghyun Moon 6 Dain, Jeong 1 Department of Environmental Engineering

More information

Building Physics BUILDING PHYSICS AND ARCHITECTURAL AERODYNAMICS. London United Arab Emirates Hong Kong Kuala Lumpur Houston New York

Building Physics BUILDING PHYSICS AND ARCHITECTURAL AERODYNAMICS. London United Arab Emirates Hong Kong Kuala Lumpur Houston New York Building Physics BUILDING PHYSICS AND ARCHITECTURAL AERODYNAMICS London United Arab Emirates Hong Kong Kuala Lumpur Houston New York Design challenges facing the building industry are frequently associated

More information

Greening the desert city: The challenge of microclimatic moderation in arid urban areas

Greening the desert city: The challenge of microclimatic moderation in arid urban areas Greening the desert city: The challenge of microclimatic moderation in arid urban areas David Pearlmutter Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel Green Infrastructures

More information

Using passive solutions to improve thermal summer comfort in timber framed houses in South-west France

Using passive solutions to improve thermal summer comfort in timber framed houses in South-west France Using passive solutions to improve thermal summer comfort in timber framed houses in South-west France Sylvain Boulet 1, Stéphanie Armand-Decker 2, FCBA Technological Institute I2M-TREFLE laboratory -

More information

Wind Analogue or Digital?

Wind Analogue or Digital? CONSULTING ENGINEERS & SCIENTISTS Wind Analogue or Digital? CIBSE Building Simulation Group and Natural Ventilation Group 30 th April 2014 Wayne Pearce Principal, Regional Manager (UK) wayne.pearce@rwdi.com

More information

Potential of Indirect Evaporative Passive Cooling with Embedded Tubes in a Humid Tropical Climate Applications in a typical hot humid climate

Potential of Indirect Evaporative Passive Cooling with Embedded Tubes in a Humid Tropical Climate Applications in a typical hot humid climate Potential of Indirect Evaporative Passive Cooling with Embedded Tubes in a Humid Tropical Climate Applications in a typical hot humid climate JOSÉ ROBERTO GARCÍA CHÁVEZ 1, BARUCH GIVONI 2, OSCAR VIVEROS

More information

681: Environmentally Responsive Architecture; Passive Design for School in Southern India

681: Environmentally Responsive Architecture; Passive Design for School in Southern India 681: Environmentally Responsive Architecture; Passive Design for School in Southern India Varun Kohli* Architectural Association School of Architecture, London, UK * varun.kohli@som.com Abstract This paper

More information

Thermal comfort study of a hawker center in Singapore

Thermal comfort study of a hawker center in Singapore September 004 Page of 6 Thermal comfort study of a hawker center in Singapore Song Jiafang, Wong Nyuk Hien, Agustinus Djoko Istiadji Department of Building, School of Design and Environment, National University

More information

Field investigation on indoor thermal environment of a high-rise condominium in hot-humid climate of Bangkok, Thailand

Field investigation on indoor thermal environment of a high-rise condominium in hot-humid climate of Bangkok, Thailand Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 00 (2017) 000 000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia International High- Performance Built Environment Conference A Sustainable

More information

Many issues to consider when planning & designing a new dairy facility- Process Flows Water Flow Land Flow Manure Flow Cow Flow Feed Flow Traffic Flow

Many issues to consider when planning & designing a new dairy facility- Process Flows Water Flow Land Flow Manure Flow Cow Flow Feed Flow Traffic Flow Many issues to consider when planning & designing a new dairy facility- Process Flows Water Flow Land Flow Manure Flow Cow Flow Feed Flow Traffic Flow Systemic Personnel Flow Visitor Flow Growth (future)

More information

Evaluation methods for indoor environmental quality assessment according to EN15251

Evaluation methods for indoor environmental quality assessment according to EN15251 Summary of this article was published in the REHVA European HVAC Journal Vol 49, Issue 4 (August), 2012, pages 14-19, available at http://www.rehva.eu/en/rehva-european-hvac-journal. Evaluation methods

More information

SUSTAINABLE BY PASSIVE ARCHITECTURE, USING COURTYARDS IN NON-DOMESTIC BUILDINGS IN SOUTHEAST QUEENSLAND

SUSTAINABLE BY PASSIVE ARCHITECTURE, USING COURTYARDS IN NON-DOMESTIC BUILDINGS IN SOUTHEAST QUEENSLAND 01-140 The 2005 World Sustainable Building Conference, SUSTAINABLE BY PASSIVE ARCHITECTURE, USING COURTYARDS IN NON-DOMESTIC BUILDINGS IN SOUTHEAST QUEENSLAND Upendra RAJAPAKSHA 1 PhD (Arch) Qld Richard

More information

Investigation and Analysis of Winter Classroom Thermal Environment. In Chongqing

Investigation and Analysis of Winter Classroom Thermal Environment. In Chongqing ESL-IC-61-8 ICEBO26, Shenzhen, China Investigation and Analysis of Winter Classroom Thermal Environment In Chongqing Jing Liu Baizhan Li Runming Yao Postgraduate Ph.D Ph.D Professor Senior researcher Chongqing,

More information

Numerical Investigation on Ventilation Strategy for Laboratories: A Novel Approach to Control Thermal Comfort Using Cooling Panels

Numerical Investigation on Ventilation Strategy for Laboratories: A Novel Approach to Control Thermal Comfort Using Cooling Panels Numerical Investigation on Ventilation Strategy for Laboratories: A Novel Approach to Control Thermal Comfort Using Cooling Panels Farhad Memarzadeh 1, Andy Manning 2 and Zheng Jiang 2 1 National Institutes

More information

BUILDING DESIGN FOR HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES IMPLICATIONS ON THERMAL COMFORT AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY. Dr Mirek Piechowski 1, Adrian Rowe 1

BUILDING DESIGN FOR HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES IMPLICATIONS ON THERMAL COMFORT AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY. Dr Mirek Piechowski 1, Adrian Rowe 1 BUILDING DESIGN FOR HOT AND HUMID CLIMATES IMPLICATIONS ON THERMAL COMFORT AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY Dr Mirek Piechowski 1, Adrian Rowe 1 Meinhardt Building Science Group, Meinhardt Australia 1 Level 12, 501

More information

Thermal comfort under transient seasonal conditions of a bioclimatic building in Greece

Thermal comfort under transient seasonal conditions of a bioclimatic building in Greece 54 2nd PALENC Conference and 28th AIVC Conference on Building Low Energy Cooling and Thermal comfort under transient seasonal conditions of a bioclimatic building in Greece A. Androutsopoulos Centre for

More information

Assessment of Thermal Comfort in Respect to Building Height in a High-Density City in the Tropics

Assessment of Thermal Comfort in Respect to Building Height in a High-Density City in the Tropics American J. of Engineering and Applied Sciences 3 (3): 545-551, 2010 ISSN 1941-7020 2010 Science Publications Assessment of Thermal Comfort in Respect to Building Height in a High-Density City in the Tropics

More information

Causes of Urban Heat Island in Singapore: An investigation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

Causes of Urban Heat Island in Singapore: An investigation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Causes of Urban Heat Island in Singapore: An investigation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) RAJAGOPALAN PRIYADARSINI 1, WONG NYUK HIEN 2 1 School of Architecture & Building, Deakin University,

More information

Performance Investigation of Building Ventilation System by Calculating Comfort Criteria through HVAC Simulation

Performance Investigation of Building Ventilation System by Calculating Comfort Criteria through HVAC Simulation IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) ISSN: 2278-1684Volume 3, Issue 6 (Nov. - Dec. 2012), PP 07-12 Performance Investigation of Building Ventilation System by Calculating Comfort

More information

A Process to Assist Architects Utilize Wind Information for Passive Cooling

A Process to Assist Architects Utilize Wind Information for Passive Cooling PLEA2013-29th Conference, Sustainable Architecture for a Renewable Future, Munich, Germany 10-12 September 2013 A Process to Assist Architects Utilize Wind Information for Passive Cooling RASHED KHALIFA

More information

Assessing the representativeness of thermal comfort in outdoor spaces

Assessing the representativeness of thermal comfort in outdoor spaces The Sustainable City VII, Vol. 2 835 Assessing the representativeness of thermal comfort in outdoor spaces R. Cocci Grifoni 1, M. Pierantozzi 2, S. Tascini 1 & G. Passerini 2 1 School of Architecture and

More information

Thermal environment and thermal comfort in a passive residential building in the severe cold area of China

Thermal environment and thermal comfort in a passive residential building in the severe cold area of China Thermal environment and thermal comfort in a passive residential Yuchen Ji Ph D. Candidate Harbin Institute of Technology China 15B927029@hit.edu.cn Professor, Zhaojun Wang, Harbin Institute of Technology,

More information

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL AND VENTILATION ANALYSIS FOR STRATUM VENTILATION CFD STUDY

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL AND VENTILATION ANALYSIS FOR STRATUM VENTILATION CFD STUDY e-issn 2455 1392 Volume 2 Issue 4, April 2016 pp. 202-207 Scientific Journal Impact Factor : 3.468 http://www.ijcter.com EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL AND VENTILATION ANALYSIS FOR STRATUM VENTILATION

More information

Influence of Building Orientation on the Indoor Climate of Buildings

Influence of Building Orientation on the Indoor Climate of Buildings 78 Influence of Building Orientation on the Indoor Climate of Buildings Marcelino Januário Rodrigues 1, Anne Landin 2. 1 PhD Student, Faculty of Engineering, Eduardo Mondlane University, P. O. Box 257,

More information

ATBU, Journal of Science, Technology & Education (JOSTE); Vol. 3 (4), December, 2015 ISSN:

ATBU, Journal of Science, Technology & Education (JOSTE); Vol. 3 (4), December, 2015 ISSN: THERMAL COMFORT ASSESSMENT OF ENGINEERING WORKSHOP: A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI By S. Shodiya 1 *, M.B. Oumarou 1, A.T Quadri 2, and A.B. Muhammed 1 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering,

More information

Work environment. Microclimate - definition. Main microclimate elements. Core temperature. Microclimate

Work environment. Microclimate - definition. Main microclimate elements. Core temperature. Microclimate Microclimate - definition Work environment Microclimate A local atmospheric zone where the climate differs from the surrounding area A small-scale site of special conditions within a larger climate Can

More information

A PRELIMINARY THERMAL COMFORT STUDY IN TROPICAL BUILDINGS LOCATED IN MALAYSIA

A PRELIMINARY THERMAL COMFORT STUDY IN TROPICAL BUILDINGS LOCATED IN MALAYSIA International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (IJMME), Vol. 3 (2008), No.2, 119-126. A PRELIMINARY THERMAL COMFORT STUDY IN TROPICAL BUILDINGS LOCATED IN MALAYSIA Y.H. Yau Department of

More information

PERSONAL COOLING USING THERMAL CONDUCTION ON THE DESK

PERSONAL COOLING USING THERMAL CONDUCTION ON THE DESK PERSONAL COOLING USING THERMAL CONDUCTION ON THE DESK J. Verhaart 1 ; R. Keune 1 ; M. Veselý 1 ; R. Li 1, W. Zeiler 1. 1: Dep. of the Built Environment, Rondom 70, 5612 AP, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven,

More information

A Comparison of Calculated and Subjective Thermal Comfort Sensation in Home and Office Environment

A Comparison of Calculated and Subjective Thermal Comfort Sensation in Home and Office Environment Proceedings of Conference: People and Buildings held at the offices of Arup UK, 23rd September 2011. London: Network for Comfort and Energy Use in Buildings, http://nceub.org.uk A Comparison of Calculated

More information

Energy simulation of traditional vs. adaptive thermal comfort for two moderate climate regions Hensen, J.L.M.; Hensen Centnerová, L.

Energy simulation of traditional vs. adaptive thermal comfort for two moderate climate regions Hensen, J.L.M.; Hensen Centnerová, L. Energy simulation of traditional vs. adaptive thermal comfort for two moderate climate regions Hensen, J.L.M.; Hensen Centnerová, L. Published in: Proceedings int. conf. "Moving Thermal Comfort Standards

More information

Chapter 7. Passive Solar Contents

Chapter 7. Passive Solar Contents Chapter 7. Passive Solar Contents 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Types of Passive Solar Systems 7.3 Advantages and Disadvantages 7.4 General Design Principles 7.5 Design Information for Direct System 7.6 Design

More information

Cooling The Cities. High Solar Reflective Building Materials. Authors: Mr. Francesco Favaro Watergy International Group Mr Prokopis Perdikis Abolin Co

Cooling The Cities. High Solar Reflective Building Materials. Authors: Mr. Francesco Favaro Watergy International Group Mr Prokopis Perdikis Abolin Co Cooling The Cities High Solar Reflective Building Materials Authors: Mr. Francesco Favaro Watergy International Group Mr Prokopis Perdikis Abolin Co Introduction The microclimate in the cities is created

More information

Initial development of protocols for the study of outdoor thermal comfort. Johansson, Erik; Emmanuel, Rohinton; Thorsson, Sofia; Krüger, Eduardo

Initial development of protocols for the study of outdoor thermal comfort. Johansson, Erik; Emmanuel, Rohinton; Thorsson, Sofia; Krüger, Eduardo Initial development of protocols for the study of outdoor thermal comfort Johansson, Erik; Emmanuel, Rohinton; Thorsson, Sofia; Krüger, Eduardo Published in: [Host publication title missing] Published:

More information

Thermal Comfort in Outdoor Environment

Thermal Comfort in Outdoor Environment 43 Thermal Comfort in Outdoor Environment Tsuyoshi HONJO Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University 648 Matsudo, Matsudo-shi, Chiba 271-8510, Japan e-mail: honjo@faculty.chiba-u.jp Abstract Relatively few

More information

SKYLIGHT DESIGN PERFORMANCE EVALUATION METHOD DEVELOPMENT WITH THERMAL AND DAYLIGHT SIMULATION

SKYLIGHT DESIGN PERFORMANCE EVALUATION METHOD DEVELOPMENT WITH THERMAL AND DAYLIGHT SIMULATION SKYLIGHT DESIGN PERFORMANCE EVALUATION METHOD DEVELOPMENT WITH THERMAL AND DAYLIGHT SIMULATION Xianou Li, Frederick Wong, and Yihan Li Arup International Consultants (Shanghai) Co Ltd ABSTRACT This paper

More information