Water related research in El Gouna, Red Sea, Egypt

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1 Technische Universität Berlin Campus El Gouna Department Water Engineering Water related research in El Gouna, Red Sea, Egypt El Gouna February /02/2016 Dr. Nikolaos Tzoupanos

2 General El Gouna, Red Sea, Egypt 22 km north of Hurghada. Around 15-20,000 permanent residents. Fully-fledged complete resort town infrastructure services. 05/02/2016 2

3 General El Gouna, Red Sea, Egypt 7,010,486 m 2 of developed area, coastal length 10 Km, green area covers 945,000 m /02/2016

4 Water Water resources Available water resources in El Gouna Groundwater is the water that lies beneath the earth surface filling in the space between the rocks and the pores of the rocks, it moves under the influence of gravity and supplies wells and springs 4 05/02/2016

5 Water Water resources In total 31 active wells Brackish water wells Saline water wells 05/02/2016 5

6 Water Water treatment General view of filtration techniques Microfiltration 0.1 μm Da Ultrafiltration μm Da Nanofiltration μm Da Reverse osmosis μm 100 Da Pore size Suspended solids Bacteria, cells Emulsions Colloids Viruses Proteins Macromolecules decreases Small organics Ions 6 05/02/2016

7 Water management Water quality Water treatment: desalination with Reverse Osmosis RO unit In total 15 units Production: 9500 m 3 /d 8 for saline water 7 for brackish water RO modules Production: 5500 m 3 /d Production: 4000 m 3 /d Average production: m 3 /d 05/02/2016 7

8 Water Considerations Ground water quality Ground water movement Soil structure Tap water quality Environmental impact of water treatment Alternative water resources? 05/02/2016 8

9 Water Ground water quality Survey in El Gouna area Collecting groundwater samples from existing wells Drilling of new observation wells, water and soil samples Analysis of samples Creation of a database Explanation of water quality by using geological data 05/02/2016 9

10 Water Alternative water sources Ground water table decreases Ground water salinity increases Flood protection and control: groundwater recharge with integrated water management Flood incident in El Gouna, 9 March /02/

11 Water Detailed geological study Nature/structure of soil - lithology Space available underground for water storage Aquifer Sampling, analyzing, using of numerical models 05/02/

12 Water Tap water quality Continuous monitoring of tap water quality - database Aggressive/corrosive water Presence of metals Health! Uncontrolled reactions of water with metal surfaces Household piping/plumbing damage Increased costs Aesthetic problems - bitter taste Addition of salts 12 05/02/2016

13 Water Environmental impact of RO desalination Investigation regarding brine discharge into the sea Propagation and spreading of brine in the sea - Application of numerical model Definition of the most appropriate discharge location to avoid local contamination Velocity field induced by wind Brine plume shape under influence of wind 05/02/

14 Waste water Wastewater production Type of wastewater. Hotels, villas, homes, restaurants, etc. - domestic wastewater Brewery, central laundry industrial wastewater Hospital No pre-treatment on site Sewage piping system centralized treatment Two waste water treatment plants (WWTP) Total treatment capacity 4750 m 3 /d Reuse of treated water - irrigation 05/02/

15 Waste water Issues Quality Bad odor incidents during irrigation Potential groundwater contamination source Overloading of WWTP old design Restricted treatment capacity Bad odor issues Water reuse: Treated water not enough to cover the irrigation needs TU Berlin WWTP El Gouna Desalination units Bustan WWTP 05/02/

16 Waste water Irrigation water consumption Total consumption Increase of irrigation water between Increase of irrigation water between % 2.4 % Max. WWTP production 1,733,750 m 3 The max. WWTP production is enough to cover only about 60 % of the irrigation needs Current solutions Imported wastewater from Hurghada Use of desalinated water 05/02/

17 Waste water Evaluation of WWTP s performance Periodically quality parameters exceeding the regulations for water reuse - Treated water quality improvement Bad odor issues Improvement of facilities Treatment capacity should be increased, without increasing footprint 05/02/

18 Waste water Improvement of biological treatment Improvement of facilities Before Existing diffusers damaged New diffusers of high quality material Monitoring sludge age After Alternative biofilm carrier material 05/02/

19 Waste water Improvement of biological treatment WWTP El Gouna Conventional System Alternative biofilm carrier material (fixed bed) Common biofilm carrier material (moving bed) 05/02/

20 Waste water Results Increase of treatment capacity up to 200 % Substantial improvement of treated water quality all parameters far below the legislation limits Reduction of aeration system power consumption up to 64% Treatment Treated water Waste water Reuse Desalination Tap water 05/02/

21 Waste water Towards to on-site water reuse (?) El Gouna central laundry Greywater treatment Purpose: Water reuse in the process Produced water of high quality 05/02/

22 Waste water Towards to on-site water reuse (?) Innovative domestic wastewater treatment unit Based on soil filters principle Ecoglobe GmbH Placed underground, not visible, no smell 05/02/

23 Waste water Future research WWTP - Odor elimination and control Possibilities of sludge exploitation (e.g. fertilizer, energy production) Micropollutants investigation Considerable number of residents } Hazardous substances may end up in the wastewater Hospital (micropollutants) + Pesticides 05/02/

24 Lagoons Exchange processes between Lagoons and the Red Sea Quality of lagoons water highly depended on water exchange with Red Sea Development of a numerical model to understand the dynamics and the interactions between lagoons and Red Sea Wind effect 24 05/02/2016 Weather station

25 Thank you for your attention! 29 05/02/2016

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