SAVE 2002 Project PICOLight. Documentation of the Pilot Projects (Phase 2.3) FRANCE University of Bordeaux 1 - Pilot Project

Transcription

1 SAVE 2002 Project PICOLight Documentation of the Pilot Projects (Phase 2.3) FRANCE University of Bordeaux 1 - Pilot Project. Patrick Faucher Université of Bordeaux 1, Sophie Attali ICE, Thérèse Kreitz and Hervé Lefebvre - ADEME Bordeaux, Paris, Sophia-Antipolis July 2005

2 Documentation of Pilot Projects - Bordeaux 1 University FRANCE PICOLight Contents Summary 1 1 Introduction and context 3 2 Buildings and measures Building(s) chosen and situation before the project Energy efficiency activities of the University of Bordeaux 1 in the past Energy efficiency measures within the pilot project Lighting Others 7 3 The PICO process The PICO concept of University of Bordeaux Results of the retrofits Economic results Ecological results Further impacts 10 5 Lessons learnt 10 6 Outlook and recommendations 10 II

3 PICOLight Documentation of Pilot Projects Bordeaux 1 University FRANCE Summary Context The central idea of the PICOLight project is to create a PICO structure within the University, receiving funds to contribute to the cost of implementing renovation projects to optimise electrical energy consumption. In the case of the Science and Technology University of Bordeaux 1, electricity consumption is on the increase. Between 2000 and 2002 it increased by 18% to reach 13,6 GWh, which is equivalent to the consumption of a town of inhabitants. Electricity consumption p.a (GWh) 14 13, ,5 11, , ,6% +4% Electricity consumption per annum at Bordeaux 1University over the period Aims of the study Establish an inventory of the lighting equipment installed at Bordeaux 1 University Evaluate the electricity consumption for this equipment Consider what improvements can be envisaged Study their cost-effectiveness Analyse how to implement these improvements Method On-site surveys were carried out to o Note the types of equipment installed o Note their nominal power o Determine when they are in use The different improvements that could be envisaged were considered Meetings were held with site managers to analyse purchasing and renovation specifications The electrical energy consumption related to lighting was estimated The potential savings and cost-effectiveness of the proposed solutions were estimated A measuring campaign was carried out

4 Documentation of Pilot Projects Bordeaux 1 University FRANCE PICOLight Results At Bordeaux 1 University, lighting represents about 2 GWh p.a., i.e about 18% of the overall electricity consumption approaching 13,5 GWh in The inventory showed the predominance of fluorescent tubes T8 in the choice of light sources. Up until now these tubes have always been supplied by ferromagnetic ballasts, which add about 20% to the nominal power due to iron loss. T12 tubes are still present in many of the non-renovated parts of the older buildings (notably in those with 110V supplies) whereas halogen lights seem to be used in more recently built circulation areas such as corridors. When one of the practical workrooms and a corridor were to be renovated, the combined use of electronic ballasts and presence detectors was recommended in order to reduce consumption. Consumption decreased by 44% for the practical workrooms and by 60% for the corridors. For an identical level of lighting the payback time of these techniques remains however around 7 years for the corridors and 16 years for the practical workrooms. 8% 6% 2% 0% T8 Inc 12% T12 HA 72% LFC Other Distribution of lighting sources at Bordeaux 1University Perspectives The creation of the PICO structure on the specific theme of lighting at Bordeaux University is compromised because of the low return on investment of electronic ballasts in different configurations, making it impossible to add to the initial fund in the short term to reinvest in new renovation projects. Changes have also occurred in the University's organisation, setting new political priorities, excluding for the moment energy efficiency. One hope lies in the continuing fall in prices of these ballasts as they become more widespread in France (they have fallen by 13 Euros in 6 months, an equivalent to 4 years less payback time for the practical workrooms). Finally, one possibility would be for the PICO structure to finance presence detectors in the first instance and then to replace the ballasts at a later date when their prices are lower. 2

5 PICOLight Documentation of Pilot Projects Bordeaux 1 University FRANCE 1 Introduction and context Bordeaux 1 University The University Bordeaux 1 is a scientific university persons work on the campus, among which are students, 800 work in the administration and in research laboratories. The campus gathers 34 buildings representing m². In the past, Bordeaux 1 University has been quite active in the field of energy efficiency because of three main reasons: - The President of the University in the late 90's was interested in the subject, - A research group "ECOCAMPUS" had been created on resources and fluxes management (energy, water, waste), which had as a motto "do what you preach" and used the University as an implementation ground, - This group was supported by the Technical services of the University which had some budget (thanks to a regional subsidy in order to install a cogeneration system) and qualified personnel at the time. However, between 1986 and 2002, the electricity consumption has doubled in the University, jumping from 6.5 to 13.5 GWh. The largest electricity consumers are: research (42 %), teaching (28 %), and student restaurants and residences (16 %). On average the total annual growth over the last 15 years is about 7%. At the same time, investment budgets became tight because of important general renovation needs and investing in energy savings has become more difficult. This explains why the Bordeaux University was interested in participating in the PICOLight project to secure funding for energy savings on the medium and long terms. The concept was technically studied on two buildings and implemented in one of them in the field of lighting (this building was chosen because it well represents the major part of buildings in the University). As a result, the technical specifications developed in the PICOLight framework will be systematically implemented when a building is retrofitted. The PICO structure was studied within the University but was not implemented: though no formal nor regulatory obstacle was identified, the moment was not very positive because of budget restrictions, a change in the presidency of the University and a change in the ECOCAMPUS organisation, resulting in a lack of personnel being able to both seek energy savings from a technical point of view and follow a dedicated budget line.

6 Documentation of Pilot Projects Bordeaux 1 University FRANCE PICOLight The PICOLight team Within the University, Dr. Patrick Faucher was responsible for the PICOLight project and the technical input on the lighting retrofit considered. A technical study in French, internal to the University has been undertaken by students, among whom Jonathan Lefebvre. ADEME, the French Agency for Environment and Energy Management, is co-financing the PICOLight project, has brought assistance during the project and organised information dissemination on the output of PICOLight (organisation of the round table and the national workshop). ICE (International Consulting on Energy) has brought assistance on the financial and organisational aspects. Sophie Attali has participated in the EC and ADEME sponsored PROST study which tackled public procurement and conducted a first reflection on the possible adaptation and dissemination of the German PICO concept. 2 Buildings and measures 2.1 Building(s) chosen and situation before the project Two building(s) were chosen for the pilot project in Bordeaux 1 University out of a total of 33. The first one (A22) was chosen because it represents 80 percent of the type of University buildings constructed in the sixties and also because there was a project to renovate this building. The other building was chosen because it is a more recent 1980s construction and the technical issues for the savings were likely to be different. The study was more detailed for the first building because it was going under renovation and lighting retrofits were already planned for. Table 1: General information about the A 22 building Kind of building Teaching building Year of construction 1963 Number of people working Illuminated space (m 2 ) permanent staff and students half time users 4

7 PICOLight Documentation of Pilot Projects Bordeaux 1 University FRANCE Heated space (m 2 ) Energy consumption Heating fuels (GWh/a) 1,5 Electricity (GWh/a) 1,7 Peak power demand (kw) 300 (November 4, 2003 at 10h00) Operating hours 07h00 22h00 Time of Use of the lighting system 2 (h/a) 800 Table 2: State of lighting system Building A22 Type of lamps T8 65% T12 12% INC 16% HA 5% LC 1,3% Ballasts Controls Ferro magnetic On/OFF 2.2 Energy efficiency activities of the University of Bordeaux 1 in the past In the buildings chosen to test the PICO concept, no specific energy efficiency work had been undertaken. The University had been concentrating on installing a cogeneration system, negotiating kwh tariff and working on some laboratories (audits, measurements, benchmarking). 2.3 Energy efficiency measures within the pilot project Lighting In the framework of the general retrofit policy, it was decided to renovate parts of buildings rather than one building after another. Thus the facility policy was to renovate parts of each of the 33 buildings on the site rather than to renovate entirely the building under study. For the A22 building, the manager of Bordeaux 1 University facilities decided to include lighting in his retrofit plans, implementing the technical proposals of the PICOLight team (electronic ballasts and presence detectors in classrooms).

8 Documentation of Pilot Projects Bordeaux 1 University FRANCE PICOLight There is no energy metering in the building concerned by the renovation. A 3-week measurement campaign 3 has been carried out in 3 classroooms of building A22 to improve the energy efficiency of the proposed measures. The first classroom monitored has not been renovated, the second has been renovated but without any energy efficiency upgrading system and the third one has been renovated with an electronic ballast and a presence detector. The results of the measurement campaign shown Table 3 demonstrates a real energy efficiency improvement due to the electronics ballast+t8+presence detector and a clear upgrading of the lighting intensity (500 Lux instead of 180). Table 3: Measurement campaign in 3 classrooms of building A22 Non-renovated classroom (319) Standard renovated classroom (323) EE renovated classroom (317) Technical description FM ballast + T12 FM ballast + T8 Electronics ballast + T8 + presence sensor Average level of lighting (Lux) Power installed (W) Consumption during the first 2 weeks (kwh) This result was confirmed using a calculation spreadsheet where the investment is updated at the end of the lifetime of the lighting system. Classroom 323 (Standard renovation) kw 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 kw 07/11/03 08/11/03 09/11/03 10/11/03 11/11/03 12/11/03 13/11/03 14/11/03 15/11/03 16/11/03 17/11/03 18/11/03 19/11/03 20/11/03 21/11/03 2 Estimated 3 November 7 28,

9 PICOLight Documentation of Pilot Projects Bordeaux 1 University FRANCE Classroom 317 (EE renovation) kw 1,5 1 0,5 kw 0 07/11/03 08/11/03 09/11/03 10/11/03 11/11/03 12/11/03 13/11/03 14/11/03 15/11/03 16/11/03 17/11/03 18/11/03 19/11/03 20/11/03 21/11/03 Classroom 319 (not renovated) Total (kw) 1,6 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 Total (kw) 07/11/03 08/11/03 09/11/03 10/11/03 11/11/03 12/11/03 13/11/03 14/11/03 15/11/03 16/11/03 17/11/03 18/11/03 19/11/03 20/11/03 21/11/03 Following this first experiment, Bordeaux 1 University has decided to install electronic ballasts for lighting in each of the 33 buildings to be renovated in the coming years Others No other energy efficiency measure was implemented in the framework of the PICO- Light project.

10 Documentation of Pilot Projects Bordeaux 1 University FRANCE PICOLight 3 The PICO process 3.1 The PICO concept of University of Bordeaux 1 The PICO concept was not implemented in the University of Bordeaux 1. Even though the preliminary study had given positive feed back on its possible implementation, the decision was not taken for internal reasons i.e. not linked to the PICO concept itself. By Participating in the PICOLight project, the University had committed to participate in preliminary studies, retrofit some buildings and measure the effects of this retrofit. This commitment has been fulfilled: Various services of the University were interviewed to test the idea of a PICO concept (see first internal report). Buildings were studied and one was chosen to implement the lighting retrofit. Technical solutions were studied and the most energy efficient ones chosen. A measuring campaign was organised before and after the works and also compared to a similar building not retrofitted. Works were implemented. Part of the technical solution proposed (upgraded presence sensor) will be generalised to all future lighting retrofit operations. Looking back in time, the Université de Bordeaux 1 has been one of the most active universities in the field of energy efficiency and sustainable development. The cooperation of the Ecocampus group and the Technical service led to the construction of a cogeneration system which led to very substantial energy savings, and the implementation of many other energy efficiency activities in the various laboratories of the University. But the savings were never tracked down, nor used as a budget for the next operation as it would have been done in a PICO framework. Unfortunately, the current situation does not encourage the University to set-up a PICO framework: Since the most economically profitable energy saving measures have already been implemented, it is now more difficult to obtain funding for measures with a longer pay back time. Likewise, the relatively good negotiation of the energy supply contract ensures a relatively low tariff to the University which is less encouraged to make real savings. In absence of a solid energy consumption fallow up procedure, it is very difficult to track down energy savings linked to specific operations and this is necessary to start a PICO framework. At the moment, there is no dedicated personnel to look for energy saving potentials and implement measures and take care of PICO from a technical point of view nor 8

11 PICOLight Documentation of Pilot Projects Bordeaux 1 University FRANCE from an economical point of view (especially since no economical calculations are made regarding investments in energy efficiency) At the moment, the Technical service is not consulted for new constructions it makes it hard to propose anything on the future buildings it will have to maintain. At the moment, the (new) Presidency level is not particularly engaged in energy and environmental issues. This is actually the key issue about not setting a PICO structure. 4 Results of the retrofits 4.1 Economic results Even though there has been a general impovement of the lighting situation in the A22 building, the cost/benefit calculation shows a non really profitable financial operation (Internal Rate of Return = -3%). The negative cost/benefit balance is due to two reasons: Electronic ballasts remain expensive even though their prices continue to fall, The classroom time of use is also too short to make the investment financially profitable. The renovation of the circulation areas shows a more positive financial balance (simple payback = 6 years and Internal Rate of Return = 12%). This result could have been better since before the renovation, the walls were painted in with a very dark colour and the lights did not switch off automatic. However, the initial level of lighting intensity was very low (126 Lux) so 173 Lux were recommended, which consequently increased the power installed. Thanks to the SLI-Win simulation programme, it was possible to maintain this power increase at 4% and recommend 5 luminaires 1*58 W controlled by a presence detector without any switch off on the wall. In the end can be said that no real final energy use reductions are expected by Bordeaux 1 University even though the level of comfort and security have been improved. For the future, the manager of Bordeaux 1 University facilities has decided to renovate only parts of each of the 33 buildings on the site and no metering system is installed in the buildings to measure the energy consumption. However, because new constructions are under development, the University could be interested to control its own peak power demand. Electricity could be provided to the new buildings with the same energy plant using cogeneration.

12 Documentation of Pilot Projects Bordeaux 1 University FRANCE PICOLight 4.2 Ecological results Electricity consumption due to lighting in Bordeaux 1 University is around 2,3 GWh p.a. Even if it will take time, the potential reductions expected are 50% of this consumption i.e. 1,1 GWh. French conversion into CO 2 (Source Ademe) means the University could reduce CO 2 by one ton by implementing overall lighting renovation measures 4.3 Further impacts Non relevant. 5 Lessons learnt Non relevant. 6 Outlook and recommendations Even though Bordeaux 1 University has not implemented it, a PICO scheme could very well be implemented in other public administrations in France since the administrative, legal and regulatory backgrounds do not impede it. The main difficulty is that PICO relies on practices seldom used in France such as detailed follow up of energy consumption or analytical accounting. Some cities' services met during the PICOLight project have underlined that they actually work according to a PICO scheme even if it is not formalised and there is no revolving fund. Very often, this corresponds to a situation where a given Department has a strong political support from the mayor and the task to look for energy savings potential and undertake energy efficiency measures. To the PICOLight team, this type of organisation, though very positive, does not answer the questions potentially solved by a PICO scheme, as the energy efficiency team must struggle each year to obtain funding whereas the PICO revolving fund ensures this funding over the medium and long terms allowing for a global planning of the work. The University of Bordeaux 1 failed to create a PICO structure at a given moment because of the lighting situation and because of internal political reasons not linked to the PICO scheme itself. As a consequence, France now lacks a concrete trial in order to demonstrate PICO's feasibility within the specific French context. This trial is needed as for any new funding mechanism. 10