Raw materials sustainability: collaborating towards a better world An industry s perspective

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1 Raw materials sustainability: collaborating towards a better world An industry s perspective Maurits Van Camp; Karolien Vasseur " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden

2 Umicore s business approach We transform metals into hi-tech materials. We use application know-how to create tailor-made solutions in close collaboration with our customers. We close the loop and secure supply by recycling production scrap and end-of-life materials. We aim to minimize our environmental impact and be the best employer and neighbour. Application know-how Recycling Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 2

3 Key megatrends for Umicore More stringent emission control Resource scarcity More stringent emission control Electrification of the automobile Resource Renewable scarcity energy Renewable Electrification energy of the automobile Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 3

4 Sustainability recognition # 1 in in Top 10 world s most sustainable corporations, Corporate Knights Ranked as one of the world s most ethical companies by Ethisphere Included in green index by WWF, Living Planet Fund Management Company & Cheuvreux Long-standing component of FTSE4Good index & other ethical sustainable development indices such as the ECPI ethical EMU index European Business Awards for the Environment 2012 for battery recycling processes Member of World Business Council for Sustainable Development Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 4

5 Challenges and Complexity Urban Mining & Smelting Collaborating towards a better world

6 Challenges of Resource scarcity: Global demand for technology materials is booming Transition toward clean-tech and high-tech economy Example: large share of primary mine production goes into electronics In Co Sb Sn Cu Ru Pd Au Ag 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Electrical & electronics Others Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 6

7 Challenges of supply chain risks Supply risk vs. economic importance minor metal precious metal Source: Critical Raw Materials for the EU European Commission Enterprise & Industry, July 2010 Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 7

8 Products become increasingly complex Based on: Achzet et al., Materials critical to the energy industry, Augsburg, 2011 Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 8

9 Everything is connected and complex Design Interlinkage metal production systems Substitution Product Composition Flows around the world life cycle formal/ informal sector geographic regions human behaviour metal recovery Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 9

10 Consensus on benefits of a circular economy This requires a system-wide approach focusing on sustainable mining methods, efficient design and use, substitution of critical metals, and recovery of metals from secondary sources. Dissipation Residues Use product reuse Residues Product manufacture New scrap End-of-Life Reduce metal losses and boost recycling along all steps of the lifecycle Securing access to scarce resources Reducing impact on energy/climate, biosphere & water resources Inducing innovation & creating jobs Metals, alloys & compounds from industrial materials Recycling Raw materials production Residues from Concentrates & ores Residues Natural resources Historic wastes (tailings, landfills) Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 10

11 Still far away from closing the loop for most technology metals WEEE: precious metal recycling rates below 15% End-of-Life recycling rates for metals in metallic applications technical & non-technical innovation is crucial for success Source: UNEP (2011) Recycling Rates of Metals Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 11

12 Challenges and Complexity Urban Mining & Smelting Collaborating towards a better world

13 Urban mining deposits can be much richer than primary mining ores Primary mining ~ 5 g/t Au in ore Similar for PGMs Urban mining 200 g/t Au, 80 g/t Pd & Cu, Sn, Sb, in PC motherboards 300 g/t Au, 100 g/t Pd in cell phones 2,000 g/t PGM in automotive catalysts Low grade, high volume, fixed location High grade, millions of units, global dissemination factor 40 & more How to accumulate millions of discarded EoL product into urban mines of a reasonable (= economically viable) size Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 13

14 Investment needs Recycling needs a chain, not a single process System approach is crucial Example recycling of WEEE Recovery of technology metals from circuit boards Number of actors in Europe 1000 s 100 s Smelting & refining of technology metals (metallurgy) Collection 10,000 s Dismantlin g Preprocessing 3 products components/ fractions metals Total efficiency is determined by weakest step in the chain Make sure that critical fractions reach these plants Example: 30% x 90% x 60% x 95% = 15% Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 14

15 Technology/Critical metals: quality over quantity Mono-substance materials without hazards Trace elements remain part of alloys/glass Focus on mass & costs Poly-substance materials, incl. hazardous elements Complex components as part of complex products > trend Focus on trace elements & value Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 15

16 Multi-metal recycling with modern technology High tech & economies of scale thermodynamic limits exist Collection Preprocessing Dismantling Materials recovery Umicore s integrated smelter-refinery in Hoboken/Antwerp Treatment of t/a ISO & 9001, OHSAS Recovery of 20 metals from WEEE, catalysts, batteries, smelter by-products etc. Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir, Cu, Pb, Ni, Sn, Bi, Se, Te, Sb, As, In (from universal process). Co, REE, (Li); Ga (from specialised processes) Value of precious metals enables co-recovery of specialty metals ( paying metals ) High energy efficiency by smart mix of materials and sophisticated technology High metal yields, minimal emissions & final waste

17 Umicore Precious Metals Refining flowsheet The Precious Metals Operations (PMO) focus on fast throughput and maximized yields at optimized cost. The Base Metals Operations (BMO) focus on flexibly processing by-products from the PMO at the lowest possible cost and with optimal throughput times.? What happens with al these elements Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 17

18 Focus on the 2 mayor smelting steps Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 18

19 Element distribution at the smelter Sulfuric acid Removed to deposit Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 19

20 Element distribution at the Pb blast furnace In Recovered out of Flue dust As, Sb, Sn, Bi Recovered from Pb bullion Ni As Recovered out of speiss Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 20

21 Elements reporting to the end slag From a resource sustainability standpoint Zn, Ga, Ge, Co, Rare Earths, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, W need to be separated before entering the main flowsheet and or need to be treated in a separate process. Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 21

22 Example:Umicore Battery Recycling Plant Inauguration Sept Capacity 7000 t/a Special process for recycling of cobalt, copper, nickel, generation of REE (& Lithium) concentrates Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 22

23 Challenges and complexity Complexity Urban Mining & Smelting A Collaborating paradigm shift towards for metals? a better world

24 Brundtland commission 1983 Brought sustainability to the mainstream public Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: "Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". Two key concepts: 1. 'needs', in particular the essential needs of the world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given 2. limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 24 24

25 The needs affect price. Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 25

26 Critical Materials makes it urgent! Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 26

27 Shifting Limitations requires a paradigm shift Key elements: Knowledge and cooperation: best practices, technologies, metrics, knowledge to be able to innovate awareness of actual business practices and possibilities engagement engagement to fundamental system changes engagement to ethical, sustainable business practices entrepreneurship to translate knowledge in business solutions Deployment drivers: education: people with the right tools make things happen research and technology development: knowledge and innovation legislation: provide the framework and ambitious targets Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 27

28 Local advocacy Europe World Fostering collaboration and entrepreunership through integrated knowledge management Strategy US-EU-Japan trilateral DOE hubs (US) Research Technology development European Innovation Partnership Framework programs EIT-Kic Knowledge platforms bilateral agreements PhDs Legislative framework Awareness raising Knowledge & education Technology & innovation entrepreneurship Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 28

29 Umicore business model stimulates cooperation with the entire chain We enable the materials industry to be more efficient We are complimentary to other industry actors We can return metals to the supplier Ores & concentrates Refined metals New products Used products MINES SMELTERS & REFINERS INDUSTRY CONSUMERS END-OF-LIFE Complex mining concentrates & residues Returned metals Smelting & refining residues Returned metals Complex production scrap Returned metals Complex end-of-life materials Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 29

30 European Context Europe s Horizon 2020 translates into EIT KIC on Raw Materials

31 Introducing the A body of the European Union established in March 2008 Budget linked to Horizon 2020 budget (~60 80 billion for ) EIT budget 3,2 billion Mission: increase European sustainable growth and competitiveness by reinforcing the innovation capacity of the EU Methodology: integrate higher education, research and business in areas of high societal need (the knowledge triangle) Overcoming fragmentation via long-term integrated partnerships and achieving critical mass EIT boosts innovation process idea product laboratory market student entrepreneur Higher Education 31 Research & Technology Industry & SMEs Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 31

32 EIT KIC on raw materials Themes to be addressed in the KIC RM Recycling node in Belgium Consortium formation

33 Themes to be addressed in the KIC RM Mining, recycling & substitution are complementary to secure metal supply for infrastructure & products Use 5. Geopolitical Trade in Raw Materials Product manufacture 4. Substitution New scrap 2. Materials Management from industrial minerals Raw Materials Production End-of- Life 3. Recycling Technologies from Historic wastes concentrates (tailings, landfills) & ores Natural resources 1. Sustainable Mining Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 33 33

34 EIT KIC on raw materials Themes to be addressed in the KIC RM Recycling node in Belgium Consortium formation

35 Developing a recycling node Belgian partners: KU Leuven (academia) UGent (academia) VITO (research) Umicore (industry) ULg (academia) CRM (research) Focus: Boosting recycling of valuable raw materials from waste streams, through a node on recycling in Belgium. 35 Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 35

36 Setting the KIC RM scene Legend Underlined parties: KIC coordination on national level Blue: formalized partnership Red: interested partners whom we are in contact with Sweden: RTC, Lulea, LKAB, Sandvik Poland: KGHM, Precious Met. Inst., Krakow university Austria: Leoben, link to CESE Germany: Helmholtz Freiberg, Fraunhofer ICS-IWKS Finland: VTT, Aalto Univ, GTK Belgium: UGent, KULeuven, VITO, Umicore, ULg, CRM France: CEA, BRGM, Bordeaux Univ., EMMI The Netherlands: TNO, TUD UK: Imperial College, link to Ireland Spain: Tecnalia, Tecnicas Reunidas Portugal: Aveiro Univ., Lisbon Univ. Italy: ENEA Denmark: DTU, link to Greenland CONFIDENTIAL Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 36

37 Realize the collaboration and entrepreneurship the aim is clear: sustanability, away from criticality the strategy is being developed knowledge is being created Entrepreneurs are needed to translate knowledge into innovative market solutions Maurits Van Camp; " Future Circular Materials Expo " June Skellefteå Sweden 37

38 We invite other market participants to join us in the development of appropriate measures to further increase recycling efficiency, promoting best-practice quality standards & environmentally sound operations. Thank you! Contact For background information: Hagelüken, C., C.E.M. Meskers: Complex lifecycles of precious and special metals, in: Graedel, T., E. van der Voet (eds): Linkages of Sustainability. Strüngmann Forum Report, vol. 4. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010

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