DIN V Date:2007 February

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1 Date:2007 February DIN V Energy efficiency of buildings Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting Part 9: Delivered and primary energy for combined heat and power plants Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden Berechnung des Nutz-, End- und Primärenergiebedarfs für Heizung, Kühlung, Lüftung,Trinkwarmwasser und Beleuchtung Teil 9: End- und Primärenergiebedarf von Kraft-Wärme- Kopplungsanlagen Supersedes DIN V :

2 Contents Page Foreword... 3 Introduction Scope Normative references Terms and definitions, symbols and units Terms and definitions Relationship between the parts of the DIN V series of prestandards Input parameters from other parts of the DIN V series of prestandards Output parameters for other parts of the DIN V series of prestandards Principles Calculation Annex A (informative) Calculation example A.1 General information A.2 Calculation according to Alternative 1 (see equations (7) and (8)) A.3 Calculation according to Alternative 2 (see equation (9)) Bibliography Figures Figure 1 Overview of the parts of DIN V Figure 2 Content and scope of DIN V (schematic diagram)...7 Figure 3 Subscript system...10 Figure 4 Balancing procedure...12 Tables Table 1 Symbols... 9 Table 2 Subscripts

3 Foreword This prestandard has been prepared by DIN Joint Committee NA GA Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden of the Normenausschuss Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee), which also lead-managed the work, and Normenausschuss Heiz- und Raumlufttechnik (Heating and Ventilation Standards Committee) with the co-operation of the Normenausschuss Lichttechnik (Lighting Technology Standards Committee). A prestandard is a standard which cannot be given full status, either because certain reservations still exist as to its content, or because the manner of its preparation deviates in some way from the normal procedure. No draft of the present prestandard has been published. Comments on experience with this prestandard should be sent: preferably by containing a table of the data, to nabau@din.de. A template for this table is provided on the Internet under the URL or as hard-copy to Normenausschuss Bauwesen (NABau) im DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V., Berlin, Germany (office address: Burggrafenstrasse 6, Berlin, Germany). The DIN V series of prestandards Energy efficiency of buildings Calculation of the energy need, delivered energy and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting consists of the following parts: Part 1: General balancing procedures, terms and definitions, zoning and evaluation of energy carriers Part 2: Energy needs for heating and cooling of building zones Part 3: Energy needs for air conditioning Part 4: Energy needs and delivered energy for lighting Part 5: Delivered energy for heating systems Part 6: Delivered energy for ventilation systems and air heating systems for residential buildings Part 7: Delivered energy for air handling and air conditioning systems for non-residential buildings Part 8: Energy needs and delivered energy for domestic hot water systems Part 9: Delivered and primary energy for combined heat and power plants Part 10: Boundary conditions of use, climatic data The DIN V series of prestandards provides a methodology for assessing the overall energy efficiency of buildings. The calculations enable all energy quantities required for the purpose of heating, domestic hot water heating, ventilation, air conditioning and lighting of buildings to be assessed. In the described procedures, the DIN V series of prestandards also takes into account the interactive effects of energy flows and points out the related consequences for planning work. In addition to the calculation procedures, the use- and operation-related boundary conditions for an unbiased evaluation (i.e. 3

4 independent of the behaviour of individual users and of the local climatic data) to determine the energy need are given. The DIN V series of prestandards is suitable for determining the long-term energy needs of buildings or parts of buildings as well as for assessing the possible use of renewable sources of energy in buildings. The procedure is designed both for buildings yet to be constructed and for existing buildings, and for retrofit measures for existing buildings. Amendments This prestandard differs from DIN V : in that it has been revised in form and content. Previous edition DIN V :

5 Introduction When an energy balance is calculated in accordance with the DIN V series of prestandards, an integrative approach is taken, i.e. the building, the use of the building, and the building s technical installations and equipment are assessed together, taking the interaction of these factors into consideration. In order to provide a clearer structure, the DIN V series of prestandards is divided into several parts, each having a particular focus. Figure 1 provides an overview of the topics dealt with in the individual parts of the series. Figure 1 Overview of the parts of DIN V Scope The DIN V series of prestandards provides a methodology for calculating the overall energy balance of buildings. The described algorithm is applicable to the calculation of energy balances for: residential buildings and non-residential buildings; 5

6 planned or new building construction and existing buildings. The procedure for calculating the balances is suitable for: balancing the energy use of buildings with partially pre-determined boundary conditions; balancing the energy use of buildings with freely-selectable boundary conditions from the general engineering aspect, e.g. with the objective of achieving a good comparison between calculated and measured energy ratings. The balance calculations take into account the energy use for: heating, ventilation, air conditioning (including cooling and humidification), heating the domestic hot water supply, and lighting of buildings, including the additional electrical power input (auxiliary energy) which is directly related to the energy supply. This document describes a procedure by which to determine the energy use for heat generation in the process involving the simultaneous, interdependent generation of electrical power and heat (cogeneration, CHP). For the calculations, the energy need for heating Q h,outg calculated in DIN V as well as the performance data of the units and equipment are required. These data can be measured or calculated in a simple manner as specified in this document or according to the standards referred to in this document. The result of the calculations specified in this document is the delivered energy used (delivered energy expenditure) Q h,f, this being required in order to determine the primary energy used (primary energy expenditure), as specified in DIN V Figure 2 shows the scope of the present document as a diagram. For the reader s orientation, all other parts of the DIN series of prestandards contain an illustration similar to Figure 2 as shown here, and in which the respective energy components dealt with are shown in colour. 6

7 Figure 2 Content and scope of DIN V (schematic diagram) This document describes a procedure by which to calculate the delivered energy used for cogeneration plants (e.g. CHPs) that generate heat within a building. Both the energy losses and the auxiliary energy in the heat generation process are calculated and made available for the ensuing calculations in DIN V It can substitute the energy requirements to be met by heat generators as calculated in DIN V to DIN V , or can at least modify these in its function as an additional heat generator. DIN V acts as a link between the Parts. The energy characteristics calculated using this procedure cannot be used to size individual components. Systems not covered by this document shall be assessed by analogy with this document while taking account of the physics specific to the individual systems. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. DIN V , Energy efficiency of buildings Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting Part 1: General balancing procedures, terms and definitions, zoning and evaluation of energy carriers 7

8 DIN V , Energy efficiency of buildings Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting Part 2: Energy need for heating and cooling of building zones DIN V , Energy efficiency of buildings Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting Part 3: Energy need for air conditioning DIN V , Energy efficiency of buildings Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and primary energy demand for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting Part 4: Energy need and delivered energy for lighting DIN V , Energy efficiency of buildings Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting Part 5: Delivered energy for heating systems DIN V , Energy efficiency of buildings Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and primary energy demand for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting Part 6: Delivered energy for ventilation systems and air heating systems for residential buildings DIN V , Energy efficiency of buildings Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting Part 7: Delivered energy for air handling and air conditioning systems for non-residential buildings DIN V , Energy efficiency of buildings Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting Part 8: Energy need and delivered energy for domestic hot water systems DIN V , Energy efficiency of buildings Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting Part 10: Boundary conditions of use, climatic data 3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document the following shall apply cogeneration (combined heat and power generation (CHP)) simultaneous generation of thermal energy and electrical and/or electrochemical and/or mechanical energy in a thermodynamic or electrochemical process power to heat ratio ratio of net electrical power generation to net heat generation of a CHP process 8

9 V & DIN V : Table 1 Symbols Symbol Meaning Common unit C power to heat ratio E electrical energy generated by CHP kwh f factor Q energy kwh/mth β part load level (load factor relation of heat produced by a cogeneration unit to the total heat production) η efficiency Table 2 Subscripts Subscript a CHP f h HP outg p elt Meaning year combined heat and power/cogeneration delivered energy, factor heating heat generator generator heat output primary electrical energy Subscript system Figure 3 shows the system of subscripts used for the characteristic values of the technical installations and equipment. The various types of system, subsystem and energy are also listed. 9

10 Figure 3 Subscript system 4 Relationship between the parts of the DIN V series of prestandards Subclauses 4.1 and 4.2: summarize the input parameters to be used in this document, provide an overview of how the part-balances calculated using the method explained here are applied in other parts of the DIN V series. For simplification, neither the parameters nor the reasons why the data are needed in other calculations are explained here. This document is intended to be used to calculate the losses and the auxiliary energy for heat generation, to be used in the ensuing balance according to DIN V

11 4.1 Input parameters from other parts of the DIN V series of prestandards Meaning Symbol Source Primary energy factor for the fuel used f p see DIN V Primary energy factor for electrical energy f p,elt see DIN V Generator heat output to the heating system Q h,outg see DIN V Generator heat output for the air conditioning heating function Q h*,outg see DIN V Generator heat output to the ventilation system Q rv,outg see DIN V Generator heat output for domestic hot water Q w,outg see DIN V Output parameters for other parts of the DIN V series of prestandards Meaning Symbol Used for Annual delivered energy for the heat generation system, in kwh Q h,f,a see DIN V Principles The system comprises all connected heat generation plants including the CHP plant. The balance is carried out of all energy flows through this system boundary, as illustrated in Figure 4. The generated electrical energy is credited to the system that is the building including the technical building systems or alternatively the heat generation plant. In principle it is possible to consider the system on a monthly basis. As this is generally too complex, it is recommended that a year be selected as the calculation period, and that in the ensuing calculations (e.g. of the primary energy demand or CO 2 emissions) only an annual rating be given. In some cases it may be useful to calculate the delivered energy separately for summer and winter. 11

12 Figure 4 Balancing procedure The following equations are based on annual values, these being the sum of the monthly values. where 12 outg, a = ( Qh,outg, j + Qh*,outg,j + Qrv,outg, j + Qw,outg, j ) j = 1 Q (1) Q h,outg Q h*,outg Q rv,outg Q w,outg is the generator heat output to the heating system; is the generator heat output for the air conditioning heating function; is the generator heat output to the ventilation system; is the generator heat output for domestic hot water. The ensuing calculations are based on the following: heat output of the heat generator to the system: Qh, outg,hp,a ( 1 ) Qh,outg,a = β (2) heat output of the CHP plant to the system: Qh, outg,chp,a Qh,outg,a = β (3) electrical energy generated by the CHP plant: ECHP, a = (4) C Qh,outg,CHP,a This gives the following efficiencies: for the heat generator: 12

13 Qh,outg,HP,a HP = Qh,f,HP,a η (5) for the CHP plant: E CHP,a + Qh,outg,CHP,a CHP = Qh,f,CHP,a η (6) In standard cases, if no other information is available the following values shall be used: β = 0,5 C = 0,75 contribution of the CHP plant to total heat generation; power to heat ratio. 6 Calculation The electrical energy produced by the CHP plant can be taken into account when evaluating the system according to DIN V by introducing the following quantity in the summation according to equation (22) of DIN V Q f, Bonus,a = ECHP,a (7) and calculating the delivered energy expenditure of the heat generation plant according to the following: Qh,f,a ( 1+ C) 1 β β Qh,outg,a = + (8) ηhp ηchp ηhn Alternatively the electrical energy production can be calculated from the delivered energy expenditure taking into account the primary energy factors for electrical energy and the delivered energy carrier used. Qh,f,a ( 1+ C) 1 β β fp,elt Qh,outg,a = + C β (9) ηhp ηchp fp ηhn where η HN η HN = 0,90 η HN = 1 is the efficiency of the heating network; is the default value representing the efficiency of the heating network to the transfer station; where there is no primary heating network. The primary energy factor and the emission factors of the delivered energy carriers are to be used in the summation according to DIN V If the delivered energy expenditure obtained by means of equation (8) is negative, it shall be set at zero. 13

14 Annex A (informative) Calculation example A.1 General information A small CHP plant supplies a building complex with a heating load of 500 kw. The thermal base load is 50 kw. Heat is generated by a gas engine (with an electrical power output of 40 kw, thermal power output of 50 kw, and fuel consumption of 115 kw) and boiler with an efficiency of 87 %. According to the calculation in DIN V , a total heat output corresponding to h per year at full load operation is required from the heat generation plant for the purposes of space heating, domestic hot water, air conditioning and ventilation. The thermal base load is 50 kw and ensures the gas engine runs h per year at full load operation. Total heat output of the heat generation plant: Q h,outg = 500 kw h per year = 800 MWh per year Heat output of the CHP module: Q h,outg,chp = 50 kw h per year = 300 MWh per year Heat output of the boiler: Q h,outg,hp = = 500 MWh per year Electrical energy production of the CHP module: E CHP = 40 kw h per year = 240 MWh per year Fraction of heat generated by the CHP plant: β = 300/800 = 0,375 Power to heat ratio of the CHP module: C = 40/50 = 0,800 Efficiency of the CHP module: η CHP = ( )/115 = 0,783 Efficiency of the boiler: η HP = 0,870 A.2 Calculation according to Alternative 1 (see equations (7) and (8)) Delivered energy expenditure, gas: Qh,f ( 1+ C) 1 β β = + Qh, out g ηhp ηchp (A.1) ( 1+ 0,8 ) 1 0,375 0,375 = ,870 0, MWh annually Electrical energy bonus: Q f, Bonus = ECHP = 240 MWh annually (A.2) 14

15 A.3 Calculation according to Alternative 2 (see equation (9)) Primary energy factor, electrical energy: f P,elt = 2,7 Primary energy factor, natural gas (H): f p = 1,1 Delivered energy expenditure, gas: Qh,f ( 1+ C) 1 β β fp,elt = + C β Qh,outg ηhp ηchp fp ( 1+ 0,8 ) 1 0,375 0,375 2,7 = + 0,8 0, ,870 0,783 1,1 675 MWh per year (A.3) NOTE 1 NOTE 2 Figure 4. When calculating the primary energy expenditure, Alternatives 1 and 2 give the same result. If the numerical values are available in the above form, the calculation can also be performed directly using 15

16 Bibliography DIN EN 12828, Heating systems in buildings Design of water-based heating systems DIN EN 12831, Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of the design heat load DIN EN ISO 12241, Thermal insulation for building equipment and industrial installations Calculation rules E DIN EN ISO 13790, Thermal performance of buildings Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling 16

Doc. CEN/TC 228 N544 CEN/TC 228

Doc. CEN/TC 228 N544 CEN/TC 228 Date: 2006-08 CEN/TC 228 WI 027 CEN/TC 228 Secretariat: DS Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies Part